测土配方施肥技术研究及推广

测土配方施肥技术是科学的现代化农业生产技术,对于农作物的稳产高产而言具有非常重要的意义,今年以来,花园乡农业推广站在大力宣传小麦、饲用玉米、大路菜等农作物测土配方施肥技术的基础上,指导全乡农民运用测土配方施肥技术,为农作物的丰产丰收打好基础,取得了显著成效。本文结合笔者实际工作研究,针对测土配方施肥技术及其推广工作展开了探讨。     

家畜中抗菌素耐药性:抗生素的进展与替代(续1)

正上期回顾:本篇文章上期主要阐述了最近动物饲料行业使用抗生素的进展情况和抗生素替代品的概况,其中包括:使用CRISPR/Cas基因编辑系统逆转抗生素耐药性并用作抗菌剂、增强抗菌效力的抗生素缀合物、以噬菌体作为抗菌剂、设计用于控制体内微生物疾病的抗菌肽以及使用化学合成的病毒样纳米粒子(纳米抗生素)杀死致病菌。     

以遗传潜力推算最佳生长及经济效益的生猪饲料配方及自动化饲喂计划

饲养策略是针对整个猪群,这必然会导致自然资源的低效利用,甚至可能会扩大猪在屠宰时的个体差异。通过管理猪群均匀度做到精准饲喂有助于提高动物生产系统的效率。这个解决办法依赖于对营养供给与动物生产性能之间的精准预测、生产性能的持续监测和调节营养供给的饲喂系统。     

硒在猪营养和繁殖中的作用——对公猪和精液质量的影响(续2)

正上期回顾:上期主要介绍了活细胞抗氧化系统的3个重要防御水平。5公猪精液中的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶由于过氧化氢和脂质过氧化物对精子均有毒性作用(Walczak-Jedrzejowska等,2013;Wright等,2014),因此谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)在保护精子细胞膜的脂质免受过氧化反应中     

一种用于灵活配电系统故障程度预测的分散解决方案

随着各种分布式发电设备并入电网,传统的配电网已经发展为灵活配电网。分散发电设备的并入所带来的重大挑战之一是故障电流可能超过相关断路器的允许容量。介绍一种分散解决方案,可以依附于配电馈线继电保护装置,仅利用就地测量的电压和电流即可在线计算出预计故障程度。首先,通过所测的电流和电压变化计算等量电阻以及等量源电压,然后,可以通过计算出的电阻和背侧源电压得出预计故障程度。试验结果证明了该方案的有效性。     

浅析与烟农沟通的技巧

本文分析了烟叶工作者在日常工作中与烟农沟通存在的一系列问题,如缺乏相互了解、地方语言差异、烟叶技术员性格及烟农老旧思想问题,对以上障碍提出了以下对策：一、加强培训,注重德育; 二、尊重风俗,巧借桥梁；三、主动沟通,换位思考；四、心平气和,机智应对；五、循序渐进地推广新技术,期望不断增进烟叶工作人员与烟农之间的交流,增强农商互信,积极引导烟农利用现代生产技术将烟种好,适应卷烟品牌发展要求,满足高端卷烟的原料需要。     

Autochthonous halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria promote bacoside A yield of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Nash and phytoextraction of salt-affected soil

Phytoremediation is a promising approach for reclamation of salt-affected soil. Phytoextraction is the most commonly used process, which exploits plants to absorb, immobilize, and accumulate salt in their shoots. In this study, halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were isolated from the rhizosphere of wild grasses growing naturally in salt-affected areas of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (India) and were tested for their efficacies of salt-tolerance and plant growth-promoting (PGP) abilities. Based on 16S rRNA sequences, the most efficient halotolerant isolates possessing PGP traits were identified as Pseudomonas plecoglossicida (KM233646), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (KM233647), Bacillus flexus (KM233648), and Bacillus safensis (KM233652). Application of these isolates as bio-inoculants significantly (P < 0.05) increased the growth and bacoside A yield of a medicinal plant, Bacopa monnieri (L.) Nash, grown on natural salt-affected soil. The phytoremediation of salt-affected soil was evident by the substantial increase in shoot Na⁺:K⁺ ratio of bio-inoculant-treated plants. When compared to un-inoculated control plants, the soil physico-chemical properties of bio-inoculant-treated plants were improved. The shoot and root biomass (fresh and dry weights), soil enzymes, and soil nutrient parameters showed significant positive correlations with the shoot Na⁺:K⁺ ratio. Consequently, the halotolerant PGPR screened in this study could be useful for the reclamation of saline soils concomitant with improved plant growth and bacoside A yield.     

Bacterial communities associated with natural and commercially grown rooibos (Aspalathus linearis)

Aspalathus linearis is a commercially important plant species endemic to the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa and is used to produce a herbal tea known as rooibos tea. Symbiotic interactions between A. linearis and soil bacteria play an important role in the survival of Aspalathus plants in the highly nutrient-poor, acidic fynbos soil. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare rhizosphere and bulk soil bacterial communities associated with natural and commercially grown A. linearis, as well as the effect of seasonal changes on these communities. Bacterial communities were characterized using high throughput amplicon sequencing, and their correlations with soil chemical properties were investigated. The N-fixing bacterial community was characterized using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria were the most dominant bacterial phyla detected in this study. Highly similar bacterial communities were associated with natural and commercially grown plants. Significant differences in the bacterial community were observed between rhizosphere and bulk soils collected in the dry season, while no significant differences were detected in the wet season. This study provides insights into bacterial community structure and potential factors shaping bacterial community structure with commercially important A. linearis.     

香梨优斑螟成虫内生殖系统结构观察

[目的]为明确香梨优斑螟成虫的生殖系统的结构特征。[方法]解剖雌雄成虫的内生殖系统并分析。结果发现：雄虫的内生殖系统主要由1对睾丸愈合为一体的近球状精巢,经输精管与2个储精囊相连,储精囊的下端再经输精管与附腺的前端以及复射精管中部相连,其中复射精管前端与附腺前端相连,其下端与单射精管相连, 单射精管末端接于阳茎。雌虫的内生殖系统由2组各4根卵巢的上端连接与悬带,其下端连接两条侧输卵管,两条侧输卵管下端共同连接一条中输卵管,中输卵管末端连接发达的梨形交配囊、受精囊和附腺囊,其中交配囊、受精囊均与导精管相连,附腺囊与附腺相连。[结论]雄成虫内生殖系统由精巢、2个储精囊、输精管、复射精管、2条附腺及单射精管尾端组成,雌虫的内生殖系统由8根卵巢、2根侧输卵管、中输卵管、受精囊、交配囊及较长的附腺组成。     

暗黑赤眼蜂低温贮存技术研究

旨在对暗黑赤眼蜂低温贮存技术进行研究，以期为规模化繁殖的暗黑赤眼蜂低温贮存提供依据。利用清水、0.5%盐水、1.0%盐水、1.5%盐水和直接冷藏等方式处理被暗黑赤眼蜂寄生的麦蛾卵，研究其低温贮藏技术。结果表明：与对照相比较，0.5%、1.0%和1.5%盐水处理后能够显著提高暗黑赤眼蜂的羽化率、降低其羽化畸形率；45 天以内，各浓度盐水处理的暗黑赤眼蜂单雌产卵量与对照之间差异不显著，表明在此时间内利用盐水处理可显著保持暗黑赤眼蜂的单雌产卵量；冷藏90 天后，暗黑赤眼蜂雌雄比例开始增大，75 天后，暗黑赤眼蜂的雌雄比例失调较为严重。研究表明：冷藏时间的增加不利于暗黑赤眼蜂各项指标的发育，但0.5%、1.0%和1.5%盐水处理后能在一定程度上减少负面影响，是羽化率、羽化畸形率、雌虫寿命、单雌产卵量和雌雄比例等指标的有利因素。