春季繁殖鮸鱼亲鱼血清中雌二醇、孕酮和睾酮水平变化分析

模拟鮸鱼自然繁殖生境,采用调控水温、光照,并结合注射生物激素,促使鮸鱼在春季达到性成熟,以春季繁殖鮸鱼亲鱼为材料,检测了其血清中雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)和睾酮(T)变化情况。结果表明:1~3月,E2、P和T含量很低;从4月份开始E2、P和T含量逐渐上升;5月份E2、P和T的含量急剧上升,最大值分别到达416.8±254.6 pg/ml、1.75±0.41 ng/ml和0.39±0.18 ng/ml;6月份E2、P和T维持较高的含量;多次催产后到7月份,E2、P和T明显下降,均处于较低水平。说明E2、P和T的检测较准确地反映了人工控制条件下春季繁殖鮸鱼亲鱼的生殖生理活动。     

Assessment of the accuracy of testicular dysfunction detection in male donkey (Equus asinus) with the aid of colour-spectral Doppler in relation to plasma testosterone and serum nitric oxide levels

This study aimed to determine the usefulness of colour and pulsed Doppler modes for the accurate diagnosis of donkeys suffering from subfertility to determine whether testicular vascularity assessment could be an indicator for sperm functionality. The study sample was composed of 10 male donkeys with normospermia (control group) and 10 donkeys with hypospermia. Animals underwent scrotal circumference measurement, testicular Doppler examination, seminal evaluation, blood sampling and hormonal assay. Semen volume and concentration were significantly (p ≤ .05) lower in the subfertile group (30.25 ± 1.22 ml and 89.44 ± 2.55 × 10⁶/ml) as compared with the control group (82.76 ± 1.65 ml and 452.78 ± 1.25 × 10⁶/ml), and total sperm/ejaculation was significantly (p ≤ .05) higher in the normal donkeys (28.30 ± 2.32 × 10⁹/total ejaculated) as compared with the subfertile group. Intratesticular coloured area showed a marked decline in the hypospermic males. There was no significant difference between the two groups in testosterone level, although the normal group showed an increase in nitric oxide metabolites. Both Doppler indices of the three branches of the testicular artery were elevated significantly (p ≤ .05) in abnormal donkeys, whereas Doppler peak systolic and end-diastolic velocities were increased in the normal group. Male donkeys with subfertility demonstrated lower arterial vascularity parameters in the form of intratesticular coloured area and blood flow rate; therefore, the most optimal parameters for differentiating subfertile hypospermic from normospermic donkeys were found to be the two Doppler indices, velocities parameters, testicular blood flow rate and nitric oxide levels.     

Role of ghrelin in regulating rabbit ovarian function and the response to LH and IGF-I

The aim of these in vivo and in vitro studies was to examine the role of ghrelin in the control of plasma hormone concentrations, the proliferation, apoptosis and secretory activity of ovarian granulosa cells and the response of these cells to hormonal treatments. Female rabbits were injected with ghrelin (10 μg/animal/day for one week before ovulation induced by 25 IU PMSG and 0.25 IU LHRH). On the day of ovulation, blood samples were collected and analyzed for concentrations of progesterone (P₄), testosterone (T), estradiol (E₂), estrone-sulphate (ES), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and leptin (L) by RIA. Some control and ghrelin-treated animals were killed in the periovulatory period, their ovaries were weighed and granulosa cells were isolated and cultured for 2 d. Cell proliferation (expression of PCNA) and apoptosis (expression of TdT) were evaluated by immunocytochemistry and TUNEL respectively. Secretion of P₄, T, E₂, IGF-I, and prostaglandin F (PGF) by granulosa cells cultured with and without LH or IGF-I (1, 10 or 100 ng/ml medium) was assessed by RIA. The remaining control and treated animals were kept until parturition, while the number, viability and body weight of pups were recorded.     

水牛卵泡液中雌二醇和睾酮水平变化的初步研究

试验采用ELISA法对离体水牛卵巢不同大小卵泡液中的雌二醇(E2)和睾酮(T3)水平进行了定量分析.结果表明:较大卵泡(直径≥6 mm)液中雌二醇的平均浓度是中小卵泡(直径为2～5 mm)液中的8.5倍;而中小卵泡液中睾酮的平均浓度则是较大卵泡液中的3.3倍;较大卵泡液中雌二醇与睾酮比值显著高于中小卵泡.试验结果说明高浓度的雌激素对卵泡的发育有促进作用,而高浓度的雄激素则发挥抑制作用.     

光照对公鸡军丸组织结构和功能的影响

将114只15日龄“伊莎”公鸡随机分为两组(实验组和对用组),每组57只.实验组以151x的照度、9L:3D:5L:7D的间歇光照周期补加光照,使每天的光照时间达14h,对照组仅接受自然光照.结果表明:不同日龄实验组鸡的血浆睾酮含量均略高于相应的对照组;实验组鸡的精液品质高于对照组.各日龄实验组鸡左、右侧睾丸的重量和体积均略大于相应的对照组,精细管管径均显著地大于相应的对照组;150日龄时,实验组鸡精细管管壁厚度显著大于对照组,实验组鸡睾丸内不同发育阶段的生精细胞的数量明显多于对照组,但两组间各发育阶段的生精细胞的超微结构未见差异.     

Seasonality in Saint Croix male lamb reproductive development in northern Mexico

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the season of birth on the body weight, testicular size, testosterone concentrations, semen output and sexual behaviour in Saint Croix male lambs. Thirty‐three lambs were born in spring (n = 10), summer (Sum; n = 12) or autumn (n = 11). Body weight and the scrotal circumference were weekly recorded; semen was also weekly collected by electroejaculation; and sexual behaviour towards oestrous ewes was weekly evaluated. Data were recorded from 15 to 33 weeks of age. The reproductive development of Saint Croix male lambs differed according to the period in which they were born. More lambs born in spring than in summer and autumn achieved puberty during this study and were also more precocious in semen production and displayed sexual behaviour earlier. Lambs born in summer delayed their semen production; however, season‐related negative effects were less pronounced at the end of the study than in autumn born lambs born. In conclusion, despite the apparently low seasonality of the breed, Saint Croix male lambs showed in this study a seasonal pattern in their reproductive development at least until they achieve the puberty.     

Age and hourly related changes of serum testosterone and spermiogram of prepubertal bulls fed two levels of nutrition

Serum testosterone concentrations and the spermiograms of prepuberal bulls fed two levels of protein diets were investigated at 7, 10, 14 and 18 months of age. Scrotal circumference, body condition score and total sperm counts of those animals on a high protein diet were significantly (P <0.05) higher than those on a low protein diet. However, sperm motility, total dead sperm and abnormal sperm did not differ between the treatment groups (P <0.05). One bull fed a high protein diet had significantly higher testosterone concentrations (basal and peak) than a bull fed low protein throughout the four sampling periods (P <0.05). Testosterone concentrations, scrotal circumference, volume of semen, sperm concentration and sperm output of bulls on low and high protein diets increased significantly with age (P <0.05). Peak testosterone concentrations ranged from 1.1. ng ml⁻¹ at 7 months to a maximum of 5.3 ng ml⁻¹ at 18 months. The 24 h secretory patterns of testosterone were episodic, pulsatile or temporal in nature. The peaks occurred mostly in the morning hours and ranged from one to five in number. Protein intake in prepubertal bulls could have significant influence on spermiogram and testosterone production.     

柞蚕蛹感温发育阶段性激素变化的研究

本研究采用放射免疫法（ＲＩＡ）检测了柞蚕蛹感温阶段睾酮和雌二醇的含量变化。经统计分析，血淋巴睾酮与积温呈曲线回归关系，雌二醇含量在发育过程中无显著变化。     

Epostane对公兔血清睾酮、皮质醇的影响

将不同剂量的Ｅｐｏｓｔａｎｃ静脉注射成年公兔，测定注射后１、２、３、２４小时血清睾酮、皮质醇水平的变化。结果显示注射Ｅｐｏｓｔａｎｃ后公兔血清睾酮水平增加且与剂量相关；低剂量Ｅｐｏｓｔａｎｃ显著地降低血清皮质醇水平。     

Activities of biotransformation enzymes in pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and their modulation by in vivo administration of mebendazole and flubendazole

Basal activities of certain pheasant hepatic and intestinal biotransformation enzymes and modulation of their activities by anthelmintics flubendazole (FLBZ) and mebendazole (MBZ) were investigated in subcellular fractions that were prepared from liver and small intestine of control and FLBZ or MBZ treated birds. Several oxidation, reduction and conjugation enzyme activities were assessed. In the liver, treatment of pheasants by FLBZ or MBZ caused very slight or no changes in monooxygenase activities and conjugation enzymes. More significative changes were detected in small intestine. Metyrapone and daunorubicin reductase activities were increased by both substances in the liver. This is the first evidence that certain benzimidazoles modulate reductases of carbonyl group. With respect to the relatively slight extent of the changes caused by FLBZ or MBZ we can assume that repeated administration of therapeutic doses of both FLBZ and MBZ has probably no serious influence on pheasant biotransformation enzyme system.