不同除草剂防除甜菜田间杂草效果

在甜菜田进行4种不同除草剂对比试验中,可以看出对甜菜田杂草都有较高的防效,对甜菜最安全除草效果最好的为96%金都尔,其次是33%施田补。     

甜菜大垄双行覆膜品种对比试验

进行了8个甜菜品种的大垄双行覆膜比较试验,筛选适于密植的高产、含糖率高、综合性状好的品种。结果表明,块根产量较高的为KWS2409(76770 kg/hm2)、ADV0401(76575 kg/hm2)、XJZ9903(75600 kg/hm2);含糖率较高的为KWS2409(19.34%)、ADV0401(19.28%)、XJZ98-1(20.14%);产糖量较高的为KWS2409(14847.32 kg/hm2)、ADV0401(14763.66 kg/hm2)、XJT9903(14197.68 kg/hm2)。适于大垄双行覆膜的品种有KWS2409、ADV0401、XJZ9903。     

肥料与生长调节剂对甜菜产质量影响的数学模型

试验采用二次回归饱和设计方法,研究了氮、钾、锰、硼肥和芸薹素内酯、乙烯利对甜菜根产量和含糖率的影响,建立了以根产量和含糖率为目标的回归方程。研究结果表明:氮、钾、锰、硼肥和芸薹素内酯、乙烯利的合理配合施用能使甜菜产量明显提高,品质得到显著改善。通过模拟寻优,决选出了根产量67704.46kg/hm2,含糖率22.3%以上的调控措施为:在施用P2O5150kg/hm2基础上,施纯N 119.85kg/hm2,K2O 144.79 kg/hm2,纯Mn 5.26 kg/hm2,纯B 1.16 kg/hm2;叶面喷施BR和ETH,浓度分别为10.42mg/L和225.58mg/L。     

不同甜菜纸筒苗抗旱性生理指标的差异试验初报

为了研究不同处理的纸筒苗的抗旱性差异,提高甜菜纸筒育苗水平,选取不同处理的纸筒苗,在相同时间干旱处理后,测定叶片中电导率、过氧化物酶(POD)、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量。研究表明,强壮的纸筒苗在相同时间的缺水条件下,比弱苗具有较低的电导率、POD活性和可溶性糖含量,较高的可溶性蛋白含量。同时壮秧剂的使用也提高了纸筒苗的可溶性蛋白含量,明显降低了叶片的电导率和可溶性糖的含量,对于提高纸筒苗的抗性有明显作用。试验结果表明电导率、过氧化物酶、可溶性糖可以作为纸筒苗的抗旱性鉴定的生理指标。     

利用SSR快速鉴定甜菜品种纯度和真实性的研究

为了建立一套快速鉴定甜菜品种纯度和真实性的实验体系,对DNA的提取、检测、PCR反应体系、程序、电泳以及显影方法等多个方面进行了优化, 最终确立了一套简单、快速、节约、污染小的甜菜品种纯度和真实性的鉴定体系。该方法使用96孔PCR板,利用碱裂解法提取干种子（或者叶片干粉）DNA;使用无毒的Gelred替代致癌性的EB,利用λ DNA检测提取样品DNA的浓度; PCR反应的体系为5μL,使用多重PCR替代单一PCR;PCR反应程序为94℃变性15s,退火15s,72℃延伸30秒,30个循环,最后72℃延伸5min; PCR产物的分离使用8%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,最后使用快速银染法对电泳后的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶进行显影。利用优化后的程序,一个成熟的实验室操作人员只需一天就可以完成192份样品的检测。     

甜菜单胚雄性不育系与保持系花药及小孢子发生的超微结构观察

为阐明甜菜单胚雄性不育系和保持系花药及小孢子发育的超微结构差异．以自育的甜菜单胚细胞质雄性不育系（CMS系）TB9-CMS和保持系（O型系）TB9-O为试验材料,在甜菜花芽分化、现蕾初期、开花初期分别进行4次花蕾取样．电子显微镜观察花药及小孢子发育过程的超微结构差异。结果表明．甜菜单胚CMS系与。型系花药和小孢子发育过程的超微结构存在明显差异。甜菜单胚CMS系花药壁产生初始期与。型系相似．但小孢子母细胞的数量较少,液泡化明显;绒毡层发育初期也形成乌氏体原始颗粒,但仅维持初始状态而停止发育：绒毡层在四分体期收缩离位,瓦解内移;小孢子母细胞形成四分体后,胼胝质壁较厚,小孢子逐渐变异开始退化。观察还发现,甜菜绒毡层细胞间以及形成四分体的胼胝质壁间有胞间连丝结构．     

Tillage Depth Effects on Soil Physical Properties,Sugarbeet Yield,and Sugarbeet Quality

Tillage depth influences the soil–water–plant ecosystem, thereby affecting crop yield and quality. The effects of tillage depth on soil physical properties and sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) yield and quality were evaluated. A field study composed of two tillage depths [10 cm, referred to as shallow (ST), and 20 cm, referred to as deep (DT)] was conducted on a Lihen sandy loam soil in spring 2007 at the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) irrigated research farm near Williston, North Dakota. Soil bulk density (ρ_b), gravimetric water content (θ_w), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) were measured three times during the growing season at four depth increments to 40 cm deep. Samples were taken approximately 0.5 m apart within the crop row of irrigated sugarbeet. Soil air-filled pore volume (ε_a) was calculated from soil bulk density and water content data. Soil penetration resistance (PR) was also measured in 2.5-cm increments to a depth of 35 cm. Roots were hand-harvested from each plot, and each sample consisted of the roots within an area consisting of two adjacent rows 1.5 m long. Soil ρ_b was greater in ST than in DT, whereas Ks was greater with DT than with ST. Soil PR was significantly greater in ST than in DT at the 0- to 20-cm depth. Soil θ_w and ε_a were slightly greater in DT than those under ST. Although tillage depth had no significant effect on sugarbeet population, root yield, or sucrose content, a small difference in sucrose yield between two depths of tillage may be attributed to reduced ρ_b, increased water intake, improved aeration, and increased response to nitrogen uptake under DT than under ST. It was concluded that tillage depth enhanced soil physical quality and had little effect on sugarbeet yield or quality.     

增产菌对甜菜作用机制的探讨 Ⅰ.增产菌对甜菜根叶生长、叶绿素含量、光合及蒸腾的效应

在田间栽培条件下研究了增产菌对甜菜的生理效应,研究表明:在不同生育期增产菌均能促进甜菜的根叶生长,并能减少叶片的气孔阻力,促进甜菜的光合作用,改善光合产物的分配以及提高甜菜的蒸腾速率和水分利用效率。     

甜菜对锌的吸收及分配规律的研究

本试验研究了河套治区甜菜对锌素的吸收及分配规律，结果表明：生育前期甜菜吸收锌素的速率较高，之后随生育进程逐渐降低。单位于物质中的含锌量也是生育前期高、后期低，但单株绝对含量随生育进程而增加。锌素在不同器官间的分配规律是，前期主要分配于叶丛，之后随生育进程叶丛中的分配率逐渐降低，而块根中的分配率却相对增加，但就绝对含量而言，叶丛始终高于块根。     

离子注入在甜菜育种中的诱变功效

分析了以35Kev N^ 离子注入甜菜种子出现的各种有益变异，结果表明：1）M0、M1种子发芽率受到抑制；2）M2代主要经济性状出现明显变异，含糖率提高0.28～1.04度；3）在M1代基础上再处理1次后，产量和含糖均有明显提高；4）经离子注入可出现早熟性材料，M2代含糖积累时间较对照提前15～20d。