Patterns of movement of adult northern pike (Esox lucius L.) in a regulated river

Abstract –  We performed a tagging study on one of the spawning populations of northern pike ( Esox lucius L.) of the River Kajaaninjoki in Finland. Northern pike is the main predator in many lakes and rivers in the northern hemisphere. Previous tagging studies have shown a general tendency to sedentary behaviour by pike. Whether individuals in a fish population adapt a sedentary or moving strategy may affect population persistence. To study if the spawning population consists of sedentary or moving individuals and the pattern of movements, we tagged 40 pike with radio transmitters and followed them from May 2002 to June 2003. Pike were caught and tagged during the spawning season in the mouth of the River Kajaaninjoki which flows into one of the largest lakes in Finland, Lake Oulujärvi. Our results suggest that the pike spawning population consisted of sedentary pike ( N  = 16) dwelling the whole year in the river, and moving pike ( N  = 24) which moved to Lake Oulujärvi after the spawning period. Pike exhibited homing behaviour, as most of the migrating pike returned to the same spawning area in the following year. Large pike had a higher movement rate than small pike during the summer and seasonally the movement rate was lowest during the spring and highest during the summer.     

园林树木抑菌有效范围的初步研究

采用撞击平皿法,用肉膏蛋白胨琼脂培养基,测定了红皮云杉、圆柏、新疆杨等13种园林树木抑菌作用的有效距离。结果表明:不同园林树木抑菌有效距离存在差异,其中油松的抑菌有效距离最大,大约为5.5 m;接骨木、白榆、新疆杨、红皮云杉、圆柏、火炬树、板栗的抑菌有效距离为3.5 m左右;山楂、金银忍冬、山杏、五角枫、青海云杉的有效距离在2 m左右。     

Typology in Mediterranean transitional waters: new challenges and perspectives

• 1. Transitional waters are ecotones between terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems, being characterized by high spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability.
• 2. The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) posed to the scientific community the challenge to classify these ecosystems into a small number of types, while retaining a functional classification of ecosystem types.
• 3. A niche theory approach is proposed to identify the limiting forcing factors organizing biological quality elements, i.e. the limiting niche dimensions.
• 4. The analysis of a macro‐invertebrate dataset from published papers on 36 Italian lagoons suggested a two‐level typological classification of Mediterranean lagoons.
• 5. Basic ecological theories, such as niche and island biogeography theories, have fundamental implications for the process of developing a typological classification for all aquatic ecosystems, as required by the WFD.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浙江省常见15个树种的光合特性

为比较不同树种对光的适应能力和耐荫性,探讨树种在植被恢复过程中的配置依据,利用Licor-6400便携式光合仪,于2010年秋季测定了苦槠Castanopsis sclerophylla,木荷Schima superba,杜英Elaeocarpus decipiens等15个浙江常见树种的光响应过程和光合日进程,并计算上述树种的光能利用率.研究结果表明:①所测15个树种的净光合速率日变化均呈单峰型,无“光合午休”现象.②东南石栎Lithocarpus harlandii,红豆杉Taxus chinensis,美丽胡枝子Lespedeza formosa分别是阔叶、针叶和灌木树种中光能利用率峰值较高的树种.③光饱和点苦槠最高,浙江楠Phoebe chekiongensis最低;光补偿点马尾松Pinusmassoniana最高,红豆杉最低.④对光补偿点和光饱和点进行聚类分析,认为马尾松,乌冈Quercus phillyraeoides,属于强阳性树种;苦槠,美丽胡枝子,水杉Metasequoia glyptostroboide,东南石栎归属于阳性树种;红花(槛)木Loropetalum chinense,红叶石楠Photinia×fraseri,杜英,乌桕Sapium sebiferum,木荷,石栎Lithocarpus glaber,竹柏Podocarpus nagi,红豆杉和浙江楠归类为耐荫树种,对弱光的利用能力较强.图5表1参16     

不同海拔梯度下黄山松与马尾松针叶形态·光合生理特性的研究

[目的]通过对光合生理指标和形态学指标的对比,探讨黄山松和马尾松对不同海拔的适应性。[方法]选取黄山风景区365、882m 2个海拔的马尾松群落和882、1 575 2个海拔的黄山松群落为研究对象,分别测定其针叶长、叶面积、单根叶重以及比叶面积等形态指标和光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度等光合生理指标。用Duncan多重比较方法,检验了种内和种间差异。物种的参数测定使用LI-6400便携式光合测定仪等工具,数据整理和分析使用Spss18.0和Excel等软件。[结果]同一物种在不同海拔各形态指数差异性在0.05水平显著;同一海拔的不同物种形态指数差异性不显著(P0.05);光合生理参数在种内和种间差异性均不显著(P0.05)。[结论]在长期的进化过程中,黄山松和马尾松通过表现型的改变维持了其生理生态的稳定性,很好地适应了当地高山严酷的环境,即二者均对山地具有较强的适应能力。     

不同遮荫方式对高羊茅形态和生理变化的影响

采用不同遮荫方式下的高羊茅为试验材料,分别在完全光照和针叶、灌木、阔叶树木3个遮荫条件下评价草坪质量,并测定其主要形态指标、生理生化指标。结果表明:随着遮荫程度的提高,高羊茅的形态上出现株高增加、叶片变长、茎秆纤细、分蘖数减少;同时,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量都有所增加,而叶绿素a/b的比值有所下降。生理上表现为膜透性增大,膜脂过氧化物(MDA)含量增加,可溶性糖含量减小,游离脯氨酸含量增加。对高羊茅遮荫伤害程度:针叶灌木阔叶树木。     

基于粪便分子生物学技术的中国马鹿分子生态学研究进展

中国马鹿分为东北亚种、天山亚种、塔里木亚种、甘肃亚种、川西亚种、阿拉善亚种、西藏亚种和阿尔泰亚种。根据文献资料系统性总结了以粪便为研究材料对中国马鹿各个亚种的分子生态学的研究现状,展望了中国马鹿分子生态学需要研究的问题;具体介绍了马鹿分子生态学中研究很少的亲权鉴定、近亲交配和家域利用方面的研究现状并提出了进一步的研究趋势。为中国马鹿的种群恢复、保护管理以及科学研究提供依据。     

不同月季品种耐阴性比较研究

以8个月季品种为试验材料,进行透光率25%、50%、75%和100%的遮阴处理,测定了其脯氨酸、可溶性糖、叶片相对含水量、叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量。结果表明:8个月季品种在不同透光条件下耐阴程度有所不同,同一品种在不同透光处理下各项生理指标的反应也不尽完全相同,多数品种在遮阴胁迫后叶片脯氨酸含量、可溶性总糖、叶片相对含水量、叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量均与ck有极显著差异(P<0.01),但各品种间差异有所不同,在透光率25%条件下,白米浓表现最好,各项指标均与ck有极显著差异(P<0.01)。通过对8个月季品种的综合分析得出,耐阴性强弱顺序依次为:白米浓(可在透光率25%的条件下生长)>玫瑰地毯、恋情火焰、猩红梅荻郎和紫微星(可在透光率50%的条件下生长)>哈德福俊(可在透光率75%的条件下生长)>巴西诺和皇家巴西诺(只在全光照条件下生长)。     

散养模式下白羽肉鸭屠宰性能与体尺指标相关性研究

本研究对30只94日龄中畜小型白羽肉鸭(CMD)在大群地面散养方式下的屠宰性能和体尺指标进行了测定,并对测定结果进行了相关分析,结果发现活重与体斜长、龙骨长、胸宽、胫围、半潜水长等体尺指标的相关系数分别达到0.588、0.660、0.618、0.654、0.582,均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);全净膛重与体斜长、龙骨长、胫围、半潜水长等体尺指标的相关系数分别达到0.476、0.566、0.552、0.455,均达到显著(P<0.05)或极显著水平(P<0.01)。此外,研究分别建立了活重与体斜长、龙骨长、胸宽、胫围、半潜水长以及全净膛重与体斜长、龙骨长、胫围、半潜水长的回归模型,两个回归模型经F检验均达到显著水平(P<0.05)。