基于MBD-DEM耦合的联合收获机割台仿形机构设计与试验

为提高联合收获机割台仿形机构对田间地形变化感知的灵敏度和对田间地形仿形的准确度,该研究设计了一种主-副板压紧式割台仿形机构.基于对仿形机构的理论分析,以割台对副仿形板作用力、土壤对主仿形板作用力和土壤下陷距离为试验指标,以弹簧刚度系数、弹簧初始长度、副仿形板长度和主仿形板长度为因素,设计了二次回归通用旋转组合优化试验....     

2BFD-4型花生覆膜播种机的设计与试验

摘要：根据中国北方地区花生垄作覆膜播种的特点,为提高花生播种机工作效率,改善作业质量,研制了2BFD-4型花生覆膜播种机。该播种机突破了一垄两行的播种模式,增加了排种单体和仿形机构,解决了单体运动干涉与仿形问题,实现了宽幅花生播种。对排种器与开沟器结构进行了优化,提高播种和开沟性能。整机结构紧凑,性能可靠,作业效率高,覆膜平整。经田间试验表明：该播种机播种质量较好,空穴率为0.58%,重播率为1.75%,种子破碎率为0.37%,穴粒数合格率为95.03%,种肥垂直间距为41.52 mm,出苗率为88.33%,各项指标均达到了相关标准,可以适应中国目前北方花生机械化的发展要求。     

猪多能干细胞建系的培养条件及其分子调控网络研究

多能干细胞(pluripotent stem cells,PSCs)作为一类重要的细胞资源,成为目前国内外的研究热点,获得这类细胞在当今医学研究和生物技术的发展及应用中具有重要的意义。猪(Sus scrofa)由于其生理结构和代谢特征与人(Homo sapiens)较为相似,成为动物多能干细胞建系的重点研究对象。然而目前,猪多能干细胞建系工作仍存在很多难题。本文将从猪多能干细胞建系研究的进展和存在的问题入手,对照小鼠(Mus musculus)和人相关研究的成功经验,总结目前已经报道的猪多能干细胞的培养条件、调控因子、信号通路和基因表达特征,以期为建立猪胚胎干细胞和诱导多能干细胞系提供参考。     

A New,Quick, and Simple Protocol to Evaluate Microalgae Polysaccharide Composition

In this work, a new methodological approach, relying on the high specificity of enzymes in a complex mixture, was developed to estimate the composition of bioactive polysaccharides produced by microalgae, directly in algal cultures. The objective was to set up a protocol to target oligomers commonly known to be associated with exopolysaccharides’ (EPS) nutraceutical and pharmaceutical activities (i.e., rhamnose, fucose, acidic sugars, etc.) without the constraints classically associated with chromatographic methods, while maintaining a resolution sufficiently high to enable their monitoring in the culture system. Determination of the monosaccharide content required the application of acid hydrolysis (2 M trifluoroacetic acid) followed by NaOH (2 M) neutralization. Quantification was then carried out directly on the fresh hydrolysate using enzyme kits corresponding to the main monosaccharides in a pre-determined composition of the polysaccharides under analysis. Initial results showed that the enzymes were not sensitive to the presence of TFA and NaOH, so the methodology could be carried out on fresh hydrolysate. The limits of quantification of the method were estimated as being in the order of the log of nanograms of monosaccharides per well, thus positioning it among the chromatographic methods in terms of analytical performance. A comparative analysis of the results obtained by the enzymatic method with a reference method (high-performance anion-exchange chromatography) confirmed good recovery rates, thus validating the closeness of the protocol. Finally, analyses of raw culture media were carried out and compared to the results obtained in miliQ water; no differences were observed. The new approach is a quick, functional analysis method allowing routine monitoring of the quality of bioactive polysaccharides in algal cultures grown in photobioreactors.     

Seasonal Variation of the Proximate Composition,Mineral Content,Fatty Acid Profiles and Other Phytochemical Constituents of Selected Brown Macroalgae

The main objective was to determine the chemical, phytochemical, fatty acid and mineral profiles of three commercially relevant brown macroalgae (Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea and Ascophyllum nodosum) collected each season for two years off the west coast of Ireland. All the chemical, phytochemical, fatty acid and minerals analysed varied significantly depending on the macroalgal species, season and year of collection. Overall, the protein contents of macroalgae were negatively correlated with carbohydrate content. Protein (2–11%) was at its highest during winter and/or spring, decreasing to a minimum during summer and/or autumn. The three macroalgal species analysed in this study had clearly differentiated fatty acid profiles. The concentration of fatty acids was higher in A. nodosum compared with both Laminaria species. The mineral profile of the three macroalgal species was rich in essential metals, particularly Ca, Mg and P, while the levels of I were approximately 9- to 10-fold higher in both Laminaria spp. compared with A. nodosum. The levels of toxic metals (Cd, Hg and Pb) in all the macroalgal species studied were low in the current study; while the levels of total As were high (49–64 mg/kg DW macroalgae) compared with previous reports.     

树冠环绕式仿形对靶施药机设计与试验

针对树冠横切面形状引起施药机喷头与树冠间距发生动态变化从而导致树冠内、外和两侧、中部等区域喷药量不均匀、较多药液喷洒在无效空间区域的问题,该研究提出一种基于激光雷达树干定位的树冠环绕式仿形对靶喷药方式。首先,基于喷头环绕树冠的运动需求,设计对称交叉布置的两自由度仿形机构,并建立喷头运动学模型,采用基于二环PID算法对喷杆伸缩和喷头旋转进行精准控制,通过匹配施药机前进速度实现喷头半圆和多边形轨迹仿形控制;然后采用平面激光雷达对树干高度的水平面进行扫描,提出基于DBSCAN(dnsity-based spatial clustering of applications with noise)密度聚类和3点树干形状拟合的树干动态识别和定位方法;再次,在FreeRTOS框架下搭建双层控制系统,对树干定位感知、动态喷头仿形轨迹控制、数据通信和操控交互等多任务进行并行处理,实现基于激光雷达树干位置信息的喷头动态伺服仿形控制。最后,以雾滴沉积量、雾滴密度、药液覆盖率和雾滴体积中值直径作为量化指标,在树冠不同区域布置10个检测点,对环绕式和定距施药开展6组对比试验。雾滴结果表明,树干纵向和横向定位误...     

小麦播种机开沟器双向平行四杆仿形机构的设计及运动仿真

寒地冬小麦一般在秋季作物的垄沟两侧进行播种,为了保证冬小麦开沟器不到垄台上伤害正在生长的农作物,该文设计了双向仿形平行四杆机构。该文对仿形机构进行受力分析,确定了影响仿形性能的各参数;根据初始工作角和最大下仿形量,设计出仿形杆的长度为386.37 mm,最大上仿形量为98.35 mm;在左右达到最大仿形量时,确定左右仿形角为15°。最后应用CATIA软件进行运动仿真分析,通过运动仿真表明,仿形机构可实现上下、左右仿形,上下仿形量可达到170 mm,左右仿形量可达到100 mm,满足理论设计的双向仿形量。该机构为研制冬小麦免耕播种机提供了依据。     

Metabolic profiling and analysis of volatile composition of durum wheat semolina and pasta

Although pasta is generally not considered for its aromatic properties, some evidence proves that cereal flours release volatile compounds and they might have an effect on the aroma of the transformed products. This work reports on the characterization of the volatile components of semolina and pasta obtained from four durum wheat cultivars (Triticum durum Desf., cvs. PR22D89, Creso, Cappelli, Trinakria). Semolina samples were characterized through polar metabolite profiling and fatty acid analysis to identify potential precursors of the volatile components. The results show significant differences among the samples tested with cv. Trinakria characterized by the highest content of sugars and fatty acids. Volatile composition was investigated both in semolina and in cooked pasta using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and identified by GC–MS. Thirty-five volatile compounds including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, terpenes, esters, hydrocarbons and a furan were identified. Significant differences were observed between semolina and pasta samples in terms of composition and amount of the volatile compounds. During cooking an increase in aldehyde content, the appearance of ketones and a decrease in alcohol content were observed. Correlations between metabolites and volatiles demonstrate that the flavour of cooked pasta may differ significantly depending on the durum wheat cultivar employed.     

DNA微阵列技术在病原细菌基因转录谱分析中的应用

 DNA微阵列技术是近年来发展起来的一种功能基因组学研究技术。随着这项新技术的建立和日趋完善及其在植物病理学研究中的应用,为病原细菌致病机理的研究带来了新思路并开辟了新途径。利用DNA微阵列技术,检测病原细菌在不同生长条件下和在侵染植物过程中的基因转录谱,可以从基因组水平上鉴定出新的与毒性和适应性相关的基因及其表达调控网络,有助于阐明这些基因的生物学功能及其机理。本文结合本实验室近几年来的相关研究结果,综述DNA微阵列技术在病原细菌转录谱研究中应用的最新进展。