不同送风和载物方式作用下冲击式速冻设备中虾仁冻结过程的比较

以明虾虾仁为研究对象,利用数值模拟结合实验验证的方法,研究两种送风方式(单侧送风和双侧送风)和两种载物方式(板带载物和网带载物)对虾仁冻结过程的影响,找到使虾仁冻结时间最短的送风和载物方式。研究发现:对于虾仁冻结来说,采用双侧送风+网带载物可以使虾仁表面流场流速更大,有利于提高换热效率,减少虾仁冻结时间,相对于其他送风方式和载物方式来说可缩短虾仁冻结时间的14%～25%;双侧送风有助于低速侧形成提高虾仁下表面流速的涡流,而网带载物可以避免在虾仁下侧面与网带交界处以及虾仁头部形成射流"真空区",上述均有助于提高虾仁表面风速,缩短虾仁冻结时长;但是冻结速度越快,虾仁冻结均匀性则越差。在本次实验中,虾仁内外最大温差出现在实验组D(双侧送风+网带载物),最大温差可达13.02℃。     

Identification and Molecular Characteristics Analysis of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Variants

To ascertain a diarrhea case in a pig farm in Shandong province,the pathological changes of dead piglets were observed and nested RT-PCR test was carried out on 7 diarrhea samples for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV).Pathological examination revealed that intestine was detected as enlargement,hyperemia and edema.After histological examination,the typical microscopic lesions of intestine were disappearance of epithelial cells,villus shrinkage and shortening.The result of nested RT-PCR showed that all of the 7 samples could amplify a specific target band of PEDV.Molecular characteristics of two field strains showed that they had an amino acid homology of 92.3% to 92.4% with vaccine CV777 and 96.6% to 98.6% with other previous field strains which sequences were downloaded from GenBank.Phylogenetic tree analysis further revealed that all of PEDV strains could be mainly divided into two clusters of G1 and G2. G2 consisted of the field strains of our study and other field strains from USA,China and so on,which had the same sequence characteristics of two insertions and one deletion,while G1 consisted of all vaccines of CV777 and several older field strains from China and Korea.These results indicated that our field strains were the dominant strains in recent epidemic diarrhea occurrence.Moreover,its molecular characteristics might be a characterization of differentiating the field and vaccine strains.     

红树植物—白骨壤黑斑病病原菌的分离与鉴定

<正>红树林是生长在热带、亚热带海岸潮间带,可海陆两栖的特殊木本植物群落,具有防风御浪、净化环境、维护沿海湿地生物多样性等生态功能,为珍稀植物群落。有报道认为红树植物生长在海边又富含抗菌等活性物质,不利于病害发生,但近年来本实验室在广东雷州半岛等地红树林发现有多种病害发生~([1,2]),仅白骨壤(Avicennia marina)上就发现有黑茎病、灰斑病等病害。2014年我们在该区白骨壤小苗     

Assessment of molecular detection of Fusarium circinatum in insects and passive spore traps in Pinus radiata plantations

Fusarium circinatum is the causal agent of pitch canker, a destructive disease that threatens natural and planted pine forests around the world. Although pitch canker has caused problems in Spain and Portugal, concerning Europe as a whole, the fungus is not established across the pine distribution area. Its dispersion by wind and/or insect vectors could nevertheless play a role in the colonization of currently uninfected stands. It is therefore crucial to develop monitoring tools for its detection. To this end, we assessed the molecular detection of the pathogen in environmental samples of bark beetles and passive spore traps, collected in two infected Pinus radiata plantations in Basque country, Spain. The spread pattern of F. circinatum was assessed by an experimental design that included insect and spore traps installed at the centre, at the edge and outside the plots. Our results showed that F. circinatum was detected in both types of samples, at almost all collection dates. In both type of samples, positive detections were mainly found at the centre of the plots, a lower proportion at the edge, and very few outside. This suggests that long‐distance dispersion of Fusarium circinatum does not rely on wind spore dispersal neither on insect flight. Our study also shows that molecular methods are a powerful tool to monitor the pathogen in environmental samples.     

茶树小分子量热激蛋白基因CsHSP17.2的克隆与表达分析

[目的]进一步了解茶树小分子量热激蛋白基因CsHSP17.2在逆境胁迫条件下的分子生物学功能.[方法]利用RT-PCR技术从茶树‘迎霜’中克隆得到CsHSP1 7.2基因,运用生物信息学软件分析其核苷酸和编码蛋白,通过Real-timePCR分析其表达模式.[结果]该基因开放阅读框长度为453 bp,编码150个氨基酸,蛋白质相对分子质量为17.2×10a,理论等电点5.56;无信号肽位点,属于非分泌型蛋白;被定位于细胞质中.系统发育树分析表明,茶树CsHSP1 7.2与水稻(GenBank登录号:P27777)和花生(ABC41131)的进化关系较近,属于小分子量热激蛋白基因家族第Ⅰ亚族.qRT-PCR分析发现,茶树CsHSP17.2属于组成型基因;高温(38℃)处理1h能显著提高CsHSP17.2 mRNA的相对表达量(P＜0.05);干旱(100 g·L-1 PEG 6000)、高盐(200 mmol· L-1 NaCl)和外源脱落酸(200 mg· L-1 ABA)处理条件下,该基因的转录水平均出现不同程度的上调.[结论]克隆得到茶树‘迎霜’小分子量热激蛋白基因CsHSP17.2,其在花中表达量最高,且响应高温、干旱、高盐和外源脱落酸胁迫.     

GDFs基因家族候选基因对崇仁麻鸡生长性状的影响

利用崇仁麻鸡差异性状的重测序结果,将生长分化因子(GDFs)基因家族作为候选基因,筛选与崇仁麻鸡生长性状相关的多态位点。结果发现,GDF-2、GDF-8和GDF-10基因的多态位点对崇仁麻鸡的生长性状有着显著或极显著的影响。单倍型分析结果显示,GDF-2和GDF-10基因的单倍型H3H3为劣势单倍型组合可以选择淘汰。研究结果表明,GDFs基因家族候选基因对崇仁麻鸡的生长性状有一定的影响。     

Research and Design of Simulative System of Elevators Based on Java

设计了控制电梯运行的调度算法；其次，采用面向对象语言编写程序模拟电梯运行，其中使用双缓冲技术来解决电梯图片在刷新过程中出现的闪烁现象；最后，测试该系统的正确性和合理性。     

基于CFD的蛋鸭舍内环境模拟分析与验证

为优化4层层叠式笼养鸭舍舍内环境,基于计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)对鸭舍内气流场、温度场及CO_2浓度场进行模拟。将笼架简化,考虑其对气流的阻挡作用,将鸭笼及鸭只视为多孔介质。模拟结果显示,进风口为湿帘时,侧墙湿帘与端墙之间存在通风死区,风速低于0.5 m·s~(-1)。进风口为通风小窗时,鸭舍未安装通风小窗区域风速小,CO_2浓度大。改变纵墙湿帘位置对鸭舍结构进行改进,改进后气流不均匀系数降低了17%。改进通风小窗布置发现,提升通风小窗分布均匀性显著降低舍内温差;提升通风小窗安装高度将显著降低舍内CO_2浓度。该研究可为蛋鸭舍结构设计提供参考。