水文气象因子变化对自然海区对虾早期生命的影响

利用渤海湾对虾卵子、幼体和幼虾调查资料，引用相对成活倍数的概念，并选择与对虾早期生命有因果关系的水文气象因子，通过相关分析方法分析讨论了水文气象因子变化对对虾早期生命的影响。结果表明，６￣７月盐差、５月中旬产卵场现场水温和黄河径流对对虾早期生命影响较明显。     

武陵山区秀山县稻飞虱发生的演变

通过对秀山县稻飞虱30多年来历史资料的分析，从发生期、发生量、发生程度等方面探讨稻飞虱发生的演变规律。     

长株潭一体化的系统学思考

长沙、株洲、湘潭(以下简称长株潭)一体化建设是一项系统工程。以系统学理论为依据,分析了长株潭一体化的准确定位,探讨了长株潭一体化的合理实施步伐和推进时序,并且提出了建立长株潭一体化的合理的内部运行机制和优化外部条件的合理化建议。     

Effect of Weather and Soil Conditions on Yield Components and Bread-Making Quality of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Winter Triticale (Triticosecale Wittm.) Varieties in North-East Germany

The reduced nutrient and water availability of the sorption‐weak silty sand soil in Thyrow when compared with the loamy sand soil in Berge enhanced the negative effects of unfavourable weather conditions. Winter wheat reacted to weather conditions and soil quality substantially more sensitively than winter triticale, so that the cultivation of wheat on very light sandy soil is combined with a higher risk. Reduced yields resulting from site differences are, for both cereals, mainly a result of reduced ear densities. Low grain yields as in the dry year 2003 led to high crude protein contents, this being more pronounced for winter wheat than for triticale and on the poor silty sand soil in Thyrow to a greater degree than on the loamy sand soil in Berge. For the starch content the contrary holds true. Grain yields were, to a greater extent, decisive for the protein and starch yields than the content values. For both cereals, the sedimentation value, the wet gluten value, the gluten index and the falling number resulted in principally higher values in the dry year 2003 and on the loamy sand soil when compared with the wet year 2004 and the silty sand soil. Only the wet gluten content was not clearly influenced by soil quality. All parameters describing bread‐making quality are clearly lower for winter triticale than for winter wheat. Especially, the falling number was not satisfactory, so that the tested triticale varieties seem only to be suitable for bread‐making by mixing with wheat flour. The internal grain quality of winter wheat varieties is extensively genetically determined. Weather and soil‐induced variations in the quality parameters were, with only few exceptions, greater for winter wheat than for triticale.     

农村民营企业中员工待遇探析

随着农村民营企业数量和规模的迅速增加，农村民营企业中员的待遇面临着诸多问题，本文探讨了农村民营企业员工待遇现状、农村民营企业员工合法待遇被忽视的主要原因、维护员工的合法待遇、待遇问题解决的作用。     

从臭蜣螂中提取甲壳素/壳聚糖的研究

甲壳素作为自然界中产量仅次于纤维素的第二大生物资源 ,近年来其开发和应用日益受到重视 ,但目前甲壳素的生产原料来源有限 ,生产成本较高。而昆虫是世界上最大的优势动物种类 ,昆虫的总生物量超过了地球上所有动物总生物量 ;但被人类利用的昆虫资源却很少。昆虫是当今地球上未被利用的最大生物资源 ,特别是昆虫的甲壳素资源尚未开发。鉴于目前对于昆虫甲壳素资源的开发尚在尝试阶段 ,本文以臭蜣螂为材料 ,进行了提取甲壳素和壳聚糖的工艺以及其理化特性研究。研究发现 ,臭蜣螂体中甲壳素含量高出目前甲壳素生产常规原料虾蟹壳数倍 ,且从其体中提取的甲壳素与壳聚糖的品质在残留灰分、粘度和色泽等方面优于虾蟹壳。并以单因素试验方法进行了提取甲壳素和壳聚糖提取工艺的研究 ,提出了从臭蜣螂中提取甲壳素和壳聚糖的提取工艺 :①脱矿物质 :用 0 8mol·L- 1 HCl预先 70℃加热 30min ,然后室温条件下浸泡 12h ;②脱蛋白质、脂类 :用 2 0～ 2 5mol·L- 1 NaOH ,在 90～ 10 0℃条件下 ,处理 4～ 5h ;③脱乙酰基 :用 10 0 0～ 11 2 5mol·L- 1 NaOH ,在 130℃条件下 ,处理 3h。     

不同贮藏条件对赞皇大枣采后生理的影响

研究了不同贮藏条件下半红赞皇大枣的采后生理变化和贮藏效果。结果表明,赞皇大枣属于非呼吸跃变型果实;在贮藏过程中Vc含量逐渐降低,乙醇和MDA含量前期缓慢上升、后期上升加快,PG酶和淀粉酶活性逐渐降低。与冷藏相比,气调贮藏对保持枣果品质效果更好。     

Pistillate-parental differences and the ability to produce interspecific hybrids between Lycopersicon esculentum and 'peruvianum-complex' species (L. peruvianum and L. chilense)

To overcome the cross-breeding barriers between the cultivated tomato Lycopersicon esculentum and the ‘peruvianum-complex’, hybrid production ability (HPA) and pistillate-parental differences were investigated. As a criterion of HPA, the number of germinated ovules per fruit (GPF) was used. GPF was expressed as GPF = OPF × GPO, where OPF is the number of ovules per fruit, and GPO is the proportion of germinated ovules to total ovules obtained. The interspecific crossing between nine varieties and three ‘peruvianum-complex’ accessions revealed that the cultivars ‘Sekaiichi’,‘Ponde Rooza’ and ‘Early Pink’ showed quite high and stable GPF over the years, but the cv.‘Best of All’ produced no hybrids. Variance analysis for GPF, OPF and GPO, and their correlation with seven sexual organ morphological traits and three fruit morphological traits were performed. These results indicated that choosing both the pistillate parents with wider reproductive organs for high OPF and appropriate environmental conditions for high GPO might be significant for enhancing GPF in interspecific crossing.     

棉花产量与苗情、气候关系研究

根据湖南省多年多点的棉花苗情定点观察与气象观测资料,采用相关及多种回归分析方法,研究棉花产量与苗情性状及气候条件相互间的内在联系和定量关系,找出影响棉花生长发育及产量形成的主导因素,并根据所建立的回归方程进行苗情预测预报,从而提出有效的促控指标,为指挥棉花生产,作出宏观决策提供科学依据。