雨豆树播种前预处理对种子发芽和种苗发育的影响

播种前对雨豆树(Albizia saman (Jacq.) F. Muell.)的种子进行了5 种预先处理,研究种子预先处理对种子发芽和苗圃种苗发育的影响。实验是在孟加拉吉大港大学林业与环境研究所的苗圃进行。研究结果表明,在种子末端修剪(处理4)提高种子发芽率50%,在冷水中浸泡24 小时(处理1)提高种子发芽率42%,在开水中浸30 秒后再在冷水中浸泡24 小时(处理2),种子发芽完全被抑制。处理4 和处理1 的种子发芽率、种苗初期形态生长和生物量都明显高于对照组。因此,这2 种播种前的种子预处理方法,可用于提高雨豆树种子发芽率和促进早期壮苗生长。图2 表3 参30。     

论我国林业生物质能源林培育与发展

能源危机和生态环境压力使世界发达国家纷纷转向发展和利用生物质能源,发展生物质能产业也是我国缓解能源供应压力和解决环境问题的途径之一。林业生物质能资源培育是一项系统工程,要从统筹资源培育和产业发展、进行现状及发展潜力调查评价、制定资源培育及产业发展总体规划、加强科技和加强优惠财税政策等方面做好工作;同时,处理好产业与生态、森林多目标培育的关系,处理好国家、企业和能源林经营者三者之间的关系,以促进我国林业生物质能产业健康快速发展。     

基于森林资源规划设计调查数据的森林碳储量估算分析--以镇沅县为例

基于云南省普洱市镇沅县2016年第四轮森林资源规划设计调查数据,从不同森林类型、不同起源、不同龄组、优势树种、乡镇等方面,通过生物量扩展因子法,估算了镇沅县森林资源生物量、碳密度及碳储量。结果表明:第四轮森林资源规划设计调查中,镇沅县森林植被碳储量总量为1511.38×104 tC;不同森林类型中,阔叶林碳储量较针叶林高,占主导地位;不同起源中,天然林在森林植被碳储量中起到更大的作用;不同龄组中碳储量由高到低为中龄林、近熟林、成熟林、幼龄林、过熟林;优势树种(组)中,思茅松和栎类碳储量所占比例最大;各乡镇中,勐大镇碳储量最大,和平镇最小。     

Status of floor vegetation under some monoculture and mixculture plantations in North India

A study conducted to assess the floor vegetation shows the presence of 17 species underPopulus deltoides in comparison to 28, 29 and 35 underAlbizia lebbeck, Dalbergia sissoo and mix-culture plantations, respectively. Further, the biomass and density of floor vegetation is considerably reduced underP. deltoides compared to other plantations. In addition, the indices for species richness, evenness, dominance and diversity are also reduced underP. deltoides showing some inhibitory mechanism being operative under these plantations. Based on available literature, allelopathy is speculated to be responsible for this reduction.     

Defining competition vectors in a temperate alley cropping system in the midwestern USA: 2. Competition for water

A study was carried out in an alley cropping system in the Eastern Maize Belt of the United States with the objective of quantifying the competition for water between trees (black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) and red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and maize (Zea mays L.). Spatial and temporal variation in soil moisture, tree and maize rooting patterns, tree and maize water uptake, and maize leaf area expansion were determined in three treatments; barrier (polyethylene root barriers separating maize and tree roots), trench (trenching without a polyethylene barrier), and no barrier (control). Significant temporal variation in soil moisture was observed in both black walnut and red oak alley cropping systems. The barrier and trench treatments resulted in higher soil moisture in the maize alley and lower soil moisture in the tree row than the no barrier treatment. Uptake of water by maize was higher in the barrier than the no barrier treatment. However, tree water uptake was higher in the no barrier treatment than in the barrier treatment because tree roots utilized water from the maize alley. Maize leaf area was negatively impacted by water stress in the no barrier treatment. Quantification of rooting patterns revealed that maize and tree roots were concentrated in the top 30 cm soil layer where water fluctuations were greatest. The barrier and trench treatments successfully eliminated the belowground root competition between trees and maize and resulted in greater leaf area and higher grain yields than the no barrier treatment. Thus, competition for water rather than competition for light seems to be critical in defining the productivity and sustainability of this alley cropping system.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

3种沙漠植物地上部分形结构与生物量的自相似性

应用自相似原理,分别研究极干旱地区塔克拉玛干腹地和吐鲁番盆地地下水浇灌区柽柳、梭梭和沙拐枣植株的地上分形结构与各自地上部生物量的关系.通过分析3种植物的枝长、冠幅和体积与地上部生物量之间的统计自相似性,发现在统计拟合精度上自相似模型不如BP神经网络模型,但分析植株生长的地域性差异时,缺少像分形维数这样的定量化描述.     

不同林分下土壤活性有机碳库研究

采样分析常绿阔叶林、马尾松林和人工杉木林不同层次土壤的活性有机碳含量。结果表明 :常绿阔叶林土壤微生物量碳和易氧化态碳含量高于马尾松与杉木林土壤 ,杉木林土壤水溶性碳含量相对较低。从不同层次看 ,土壤微生物量碳、易氧化态碳含量均随着土层深度加深而递减。水溶性碳、微生物量碳和易氧化态碳占总有机碳的比率分别波动在 0 31%～ 1 18%、0 90 %～ 2 5 1%和 7 0 3%～ 2 9 5 2 %之间 ,其中 ,土壤水溶性碳占总有机碳比率为马尾松林 >常绿阔叶林 >人工杉木林 ,易氧化态碳占总有机碳比率常绿阔叶林明显高于马尾松林和杉木林。不同土壤水溶性有机碳占总有机碳比率随剖面从上到下均表明出上升趋势 ,而易氧化态碳占总有机碳比率随剖面加深有规律地下降。土壤有机碳总量与各活性碳之间以及各类活性碳之间相关性均达到极显著水平。     

豫西杜仲碳汇造林碳储量预测

在项目区典型布设生物量调查样方15个,经过采样、称质量、烘干等环节,测算出基线情景碳储量;根据给定的杜仲林5、10、15、20年的平均胸径(D)和平均树高(H),利用生物量扩展因子法预测杜仲的碳储量;从而算出杜仲碳汇造林项目的净碳储量。     

观光木人工林驯化栽培试验和系统生产力研究

本文对观光木驯化栽培环节中的采种、育苗、造林、管抚等摸索了一定的经验,并用分层切割法测定10年生样本地上部分各器官的生物量,用壕沟法测定地下部分根系的生物量。结果表明:10年生林分生物量为55.03t/hm~2,其中乔木层为53.035t/hm~2(占96.37%),乔木层中树干、枝、叶和根系分别为37.91t/hm~2、6.17t/hm~2、2.21t/hm~2和6.75t/hm~2。18年生解析木数据表明:胸径、树高和材积速生期分别出现在4—12年、5—7年和第14年。     

黑龙江省1980-1999年森林火灾释放碳量的估算

根据黑龙江省1980—1999年的森林火灾统计数据和对黑龙江省各森林类型地上生物量的估算,计算出黑龙江省森林年平均森林火灾损失地上生物量391758·65~522344·95t,占全国的6·4%~8·4%。年均释放碳176291·39~235055·23t,约占全国年均森林火灾排放碳的8%。用排放比法得出黑龙江省年平均森林火灾释放的CO2、CO、CH4、NMHC量分别为581761·6~775682·25t、34892·275~46523·04t、14091·11~18788·15t和6500~9000t。