发展贵州木本生物质能源应对气候变化

全球气候变暖对我国农牧业、生态系统、水资源、海岸带等方面产生负面影响,大力培育和开发利用林木生物质资源可以减少污染和温室气体排放,提高森林碳汇功能。结合贵州林业生态工程的实施,大力培育和开发利用木本生物质能资源林,发展林业生物质能源产业,促进林业生态建设和产业建设的协调发展,将对减缓和应对全球气候变化做出新的贡献。     

瑞典生物质能源发展及柳树能源林研究

本文对瑞典生物质能源利用概况和生物质能源热电联产情况进行了介绍,重点详述了柳树能源林培育的技术进展,对加快发展我国生物质能源建设提出了加大政策扶持力度,合理规划培育和开发林业生物质资源,加强技术研发和试验示范等建议。     

浅述凌源地区文冠果能源林培育和发展

林业生物质能源是我国可再生能源发展的基本特色,具有巨大的发展潜力。加快林业生物质资源培育,对履行国际义务,拓展现代林业新领域、新内容具有十分重要意义。文冠果是凌源地区乡土能源林树种,文中介绍了文冠果能源林发展思路、培育技术,以此推动文冠果能源林产业的发展。     

哈尔滨市林业产业现状及对策探讨

从哈尔滨市林业产业发展的现状入手,全面总结了林业产业发展过程存在的产业结构不够合理,主导产业和产品发展不快;产业技术水平低、初级低档产品多、精深加工产品少等问题,并结合这些问题,探讨了加快哈尔滨市林业产业发展要处理好资源与产业的关系,构建哈尔滨市现代林业产业体系;建立市场培育体系;建立科技支撑体系和人才储备体系以及完善宏观调控扶持体系的对策建议。     

生物质电厂运营对当地林业发展产生的影响分析总结

指出了在生物质能源急速发展的当下,生物质原料问题日益凸显,系统地阐述了凯迪德安生物质电厂运营后周边地区林业发生的变化,并对此进行了系统地分析总结,以期推动完善林业产业发展,更好构建林业产业和生物质能产业发展循环体系,为发展完善林业产业链提供参考。调查分析结果表明:生物质电厂运营后周边地区林业市场活跃度上升,林地价值增大,加大了地区林业经营竞争烈度,催生了林木生物质燃料产销链条,有效地促进了林地资源综合开发利用,同时因林木生物质燃料采收效益也带来系列过热化林政负面问题。随着电厂运营时间推进,负面效应逐步上升,提出了应尽早制定林业产业及生物质能产业战略布局规划,消除负面效应,促使林业产业和生物质能产业发展循环系统的形成,完善林业产业链。     

林业生物质能源及其开发利用对策

介绍了林业生物质能的含义和特点，分析了林业生物质能源开发利用的必要性、可行性和主要影响因素，提出了林业生物质能源开发利用的对策和措施，目的在于促进林业生物质能源产业的发展。     

关于我国林业生物柴油产业发展的若干思考

林业生物柴油是可再生能源的重要组成部分,具有原料资源量大、可再生、可降解等优势,在缓解能源压力的同时还可兼生态建设及环境保护。通过对我国林业生物柴油产业发展现状进行概述,分析了产业发展中存在的问题及未来趋势,并在资源开发、生产、应用等方面提出了一些思考和建议     

普洱市发展生物质固体燃料产业的前景与对策

介绍了普洱市的能源消费现状与工业生物质能终端消费情况,分析了普洱市林业、农业秸秆资源概况,展望了普洱市发展生物质固体燃料产业的前景,提出了发展对策,指出普洱市可基于现有较发达的木材工业体系,优先建立与发展基于林业生物质资源的生物质固体燃料产业带。     

伊春林区林木生物质能源开发利用前景

林木生物质能源是由林木通过光合作用固定于地球上的太阳能，是一种可再生能源，既是古老的传统能源，也是现代生物质能产业化的主要资源，就其当量而言，仅次于煤、石油、天然气，在世界能源消费中占有重要的位置，对保障能源安全、保护生态环境、促进林业产业的发展将产生重要的作用。特别是随着我国经济的快速发展，能源需求的巨大缺口已成为我国社会经济可持续发展的瓶颈，     

新疆林木生物质能源发展思路的探讨

林业资源作为生物质能源的主体，而林木、木本燃料油植物是林业资源的重要组成部分，也是开发生物能源的重要基础原料。针对我区区域及气候特点，大力发展速生林木、木本燃料油植物和沙生灌木等生物质能源林，对现有生物质能的分布特性和能量可利用性进行调查分析，筛选培育与地域相适应的能源作物，采用基因工程或杂交育种技术选育高产、速生、     

Effects of bioenergy production on environmental sustainability: a preliminary study based on expert opinions in Italy and Turkey

In future decades, initiatives on biomass-based energy development in Europe should reduce fossil fuel dependence and help to combat climate change as required by the conference of the parties 21. In this context, forest biomass can play a key role within the bioenergy sector due to its high growth potential. The use of forest biomass for energy has positive and negative effects on other ecosystem services, on stand characteristics, and on forest management practices. The aim of this study is to analyse the effects of forest bioenergy production on six ecosystem services (biodiversity, recreation, landscape aesthetics, carbon sequestration, soil erosion protection, water quality). These effects have been assessed by 80 experts in two countries (Italy and Turkey), considering two different forest management practices (clear-cutting of coppices and woody residue removal after felling in high forests). The results show that coppice clear-cutting has negative effects on almost all ecosystem services according to the experts’ opinions. The highest negative effects are on landscape aesthetics and soil protection. The effects of woody residue removal on biodiversity, carbon sequestration, soil erosion protection, and water quality are considered negative by the experts, while the effects on recreation activities and landscape aesthetics are considered positive. The highest negative effects of this forest management scenario are on soil protection and biodiversity. The experts’ opinions about the effects of forest management practices on ecosystem services can provide information to understand the environmental sustainability of bioenergy development in future years.     

我国桉树生物质能源林研究与利用综述

开发利用林业生物质能源是改善能源结构、保障能源安全和保护生态环境的重要途径之一.桉树不仅是工业原料林生产的重要树种,也是林业生物质能利用的良好原材料.本文从品种研究、评价指标(热值、灰分、生物量、能量现存量)、造林技术(立地条件、整地方式、造林密度、混交造林、收获周期、效益分析)和利用方式等方面阐述了我国桉树生物质能源林研究与利用现状,简要总结了我国发展桉树生物质能源存在的不足并提出今后加强研究的重点,以期为我国合理开发和利用桉树生物质能源提供参考.     

Logistics of supplying biomass from a mountain pine beetle-infested forest to a power plant in British Columbia

Abstract

The search for alternative energy sources has increased the interest in forest biomass. During the past few years, the severe infestation of the mountain pine beetle (MPB) within the forests of interior British Columbia (BC) has led to huge volumes of dead wood that exceed the capacity of the lumber industry. One way to make the most value of the surplus wood is to use it as the feedstock for bioenergy. The high costs associated with harvest and transport, and uncertainty in supply logistics are issues related to forest biomass utilization. This paper presents the development of a forest biomass supply logistics simulation model and its application to a case of supplying MPB-killed biomass from Quesnel timber supply area (one of the most infested areas in the interior BC) to a potential 300 MW power plant adjacent to the city of Quesnel. It provides values of quantity, cost and moisture content of biomass which are important factors in feasibility study of bioenergy projects. In the case of a conventional harvesting system, the biomass recovered from roadside residues in 1 year will meet only about 30% of the annual demand of the power plant with an estimated delivered cost of Can $45 per oven-dry tonne of woodchips. Sensitivity analyses were also performed.     

Spatial limitations in forest biomass harvesting using Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing for an ecological and sustainable bioenergy framework

As the sustainable forest biomass harvesting process is highly influenced by the terrain, the heterogeneity, and the protection status of the landscape, this study highlights the GIS and Remote Sensing as important scientific tools, assisting in the planning process and integrating the appropriate spatial limitations for an ecological forest biomass extraction in a rational bioenergy utilization framework. This study is focused on the northwest Greece and particularly in the regional unit of Grevena which is part of the Western Macedonia region, the region with the highest unemployment rates in Greece. As the forests in the regional unit of Grevena occupy a significant percentage over half of the regional unit area, the emphasis on the sustainable harvesting and utilization of forest biomass for energy purposes could tackle unemployment rates, enhance the energy autonomy of the remote mountain villages, and reduce the Mediterranean forest fire risk. The spatial data process and the implied spatial limitations unfold a methodology procedure, which is revealing specifically quantified and illustrated results as are emerging progressively the oak forests of the regional unit of Grevena with biomass harvesting capabilities, which do not belong to the Grevena’s protected areas, have accessible slopes and lower diversity index.     

Potential Impact of Forest Bioenergy on Environment in China

Forest bioenergy is an alternative to fossil energy.Although forest bioenergy is of great value to ease energy supply,there is still a strong call for the research of what impact forest bioenergy plantation will exert on environment if under large scale development.By discussing the resource potential and development status of forest bioenergy,the paper attempts to explore the potential impact of forest bioenergy on environment and give some recommendations to mitigate and even avoid negative impact.     

Biochar-based bioenergy and its environmental impact in Northwestern Ontario Canada: A review

Biochar is normally produced as a by-product of bioenergy. However, if biochar is produced as a co-product with bioenergy from sustainably managed forests and used for soil amendment, it could pro- vide a carbon neutral or even carbon negative solution for current envi- ronmental degradation problems. In this paper, we present a comprehen- sive review of biochar production as a co-product of bioenergy and its implications. We focus on biochar production with reference to biomass availability and sustainability and on bioehar utilization for its soil amendment and greenhouse gas emissions reduction properties. Past studies confirm that northwestern Ontario has a sustainable and sufficient supply of biomass feedstock that can be used to produce bioenergy, with biochar as a co-product that can replace fossil fuel consumption, increase soil productivity and sequester carbon in the long run. For the next step, we recommend that comprehensive life cycle assessment of bio- char-based bioenergy production, from raw material collection to bioehar application, with an extensive economic assessment is necessary for making this technology commercially viable in northwestern Ontario.     

Whole-tree harvesting with stump removal versus stem-only harvesting in peatlands when water quality,biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation matter

This article examines alternative forest harvesting regimes when ecosystem services in terms of water quality, biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation are included in the analysis. The harvesting regimes are whole-tree harvesting with stump removal and conventional stem-only harvesting. The harvesting regimes are evaluated under two alternative climate policy contexts. The first alternative is a carbon neutral bioenergy policy, which assumes the carbon dioxide (CO₂) neutrality of bioenergy and produces substitution benefits, as bioenergy replaces fossil fuels. The second alternative climate policy, a carbon non-neutral bioenergy policy, takes into account the fact that bioenergy causes carbon dioxide emissions, producing substitution costs, and that harvested woody biomass affects the ability of a forest to act as a carbon sink. We extend the traditional Faustmann (1849) rotation model to include nutrient load damage, biodiversity benefits, and climate impacts. The empirical analysis is based on Finnish data from a catchment experiment carried out on drained peatland forests. The empirical results show that under a carbon neutral bioenergy policy, whole-tree harvesting with stump removal produces the highest net social benefits. However, if a carbon non-neutral bioenergy policy is assumed, the net social benefits are greater under stem-only harvesting.     

Potential forest biomass resource as feedstock for bioenergy and its economic value in Indonesia

Indonesia has abundant forest biomass resource, which should not be considered as a low economic value resource. This forest biomass resource can be converted into bioenergy through various technologies and it becomes one of sources in Indonesia's energy mix. This paper focuses on forest residues generated primarily from the harvesting of natural production forests and industrial forest plantations; and wood processing mill residues. The estimated total potential forest biomass in Indonesia for bioenergy in the year 2013 was 132 PJ. About 50.4% resulted from harvesting residues and 49.6% from wood processing residues. Riau province has the largest potential bioenergy followed by Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, East Java, South Sumatera, Central Java and Jambi, which all together accounted for 87% of total potential bioenergy. Moreover, three major islands accounted for 95% of total potential bioenergy. Using a conversion return approach, the economic value of forest biomass when it was pelletized was estimated to be about US$ 5.6 per ton wood residues. The economic value of forest biomass is more sensitive to changes in the price of wood pellet than to changes in the collection and hauling cost of wood residues.     

Cost structure of and competition for forest-based biomass

Abstract

Biomass has become a popular alternative to satisfy expanding energy demand and as a substitute for fossil fuels and phased-out nuclear energy in Europe. The European Union White Paper stipulates that the utilization of biomass shall increase to 1566 TWh by 2010. However it is often overlooked that the forest resources are already, to a large extent, used by the forest industries. When promoting biomass for energy generation the consequences for the forest industries also need to be considered. Sweden is an excellent case study, as there are vast quantities of forest resources, nuclear power is starting to be phased out, there are restrictions on expanding hydropower and the political desire exists to “set an example” with respect to carbon dioxide emissions. This paper attempts to estimate and analyse the supply of two types of forest resource, namely, roundwood and harvesting residues derived from final harvesting and commercial thinnings. Two separate supply curves are estimated: one for roundwood and one for harvesting residues. The cost structure is based on an economic-engineering approach where the separate cost components are constructed from the lowest cost element into aggregates for labour, capital, materials and overhead costs for each forest resource. The results indicate an unutilized economic supply of 12 TWh of harvesting residues in Sweden. However, after these 12 TWh have been recovered it becomes more profitable to use roundwood for energy purposes than to continue extracting further amounts of harvesting residues.     

Economic and Life-Cycle Analysis of Forest Carbon Sequestration and Wood-Based Bioenergy Offsets in the Central Hardwood Forest Region of United States

This study investigates the combined impact of carbon and bioenergy markets on upland oak dominated mixed hardwood forests in the Central Hardwood Forest Region (CHFR) of the United States. A modification of the Hartman model was used for the economic analysis of carbon sequestration and using wood-based biomass for bioenergy. A life-cycle assessment was used to determine the amount of carbon sequestered due to stand growth and emitted during harvesting and decay of wood products. Two scenarios were taken, one where additionality of carbon is considered and the other where it is not. Sensitivity analysis was done with the range of carbon and bioenergy prices. The results show that net carbon payments have more impact on land expectation value (LEV) when additionality is not considered; in contrast, bioenergy payments have more impact on LEV when additionality is considered. Carbon and bioenergy prices also influenced the amount of stand level supply of forest products and carbon in both scenarios. In general, sawtimber, wood bioenergy, and carbon supply increased with an increase in carbon prices, whereas, pulpwood supply decreased. With few exceptions at higher carbon prices, bioenergy supply decreased with the increase in wood bioenergy prices, showing a backward bending supply curve in both scenarios.