Physico-chemical Characteristics as Indicators of Starch Availability from Milled Rice

The hypothesis was tested that certain physico-chemical characteristics might be used as indicators of total starch availability and rate of starch availability of milled rice. Milled unparboiled (uPB) and parboiled (PB) rice samples (n=93) were characterized using standardized methods of physical tests and chemical analyses and anin vitromethod was used for measuring the rate of starch digestion on a subsample of rice (n=26). The rice varieties were dominated by medium long, bold rice grain with high amylose rice and intermediate gelatinization temperature (GT), but a wide range in all characteristics was measured. Small amounts of resistant starch (RS) were measured in the cooked rice, indicating virtually complete starch availability. The RS of PB rice (0·4 g/100 g rice as eaten) was significantly (P<0·004) higher than the RS of uPB rice (0·1 g/100 g) however. The rate of starch digestion was significantly affected by both variety and parboiling. The starch digestion index (SDI) values of the PB samples (mean value 73·7) were significantly (P<0·001) lower than those of the uPB samples (mean value 79·0). The apparent amylose content (AC) was the strongest determinant for SDI in both uPB and PB rice. The widths and shapes of the raw grains and the elongation after cooking were correlated significantly with SDI values for the uPB rice, while the relatively mild parboiling procedure followed in this study eliminated this correlation. The minimum cooking times were correlated significantly with the SDI values in the uPB samples.     

微波辐照对舞毒蛾的卵及幼虫的处理效果

本文根据微波与物质的相互作用情况，用微波照射舞毒蛾虫卵和幼虫，观察照射后虫卵孵化率和幼虫的死亡率的变化情况，目的是为物理辐照灭虫的研究和实际应用提供理论依据。实验表明：随着微波辐照剂量增大孵化率有明显下降趋势，而幼虫的死亡率有明显上升的趋势。     

不同日粮对泌乳奶牛干物质采食量及消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究在不同日粮条件下对奶牛干物质采食量(DMI)及养分消化率的影响。用4头安装永久瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠瘘管的泌乳奶牛(体重为483±21kg,泌乳日龄为175±6天)通过4×4拉丁方试验设计,日粮包括30:70CW组(粗料仅由羊草组成)、30:70CCA组(粗料为玉米青贮+苜蓿+羊草)、50:50CCA组和65:35CCA组,共设4期试验,每期23天。30:70CCA组干物质采食量与有机物采食量极显著低于其它日粮组(P<0.01),30:70CCA组能量采食量显著低于其它日粮组,30:70CW组DM、OM在瘤胃消化率(P<0.05)及全肠道消化率(P<0.01)均显著低于其它日粮组;NDF、ADF瘤胃及全肠道消化率均无显著差异。65:35CCA组产奶量极显著高于其它组(P<0.01)。     

微波辐射技术在淀粉改性中的应用

简要介绍微波技术的原理,以及目前在淀粉改性方面的应用状况及发展趋势。     

玉米水分测定方法的比较

本文通过对几种测定玉米水分方法的比较，将微波干燥测水技术用于单个或小批量玉米水分测定中，所得测定结果符合国标要求。     

竹叶黄酮微波提取工艺的研究

对竹叶黄酮类物质的微波提取工艺进行了研究。结果表明,微波提取的影响因素顺序为微波功率>料液比>微波时间;竹叶黄酮微波提取的最佳条件为料液比为1∶35(W∶V),微波功率539W,微波时间6m in,此条件下总黄酮提取率为6.104m g/g。该项目的产业化可开辟竹叶资源加工利用新途径,将竹叶黄酮的资源优势转化为经济优势。     

冷冻羊腿几种解冻方法比较

用绵羊后腿为解冻材料,进行微波解冻、空气解冻和水解冻。通过测定其解冻至0℃所需的时间和解冻后羊腿的质量损失率进行比较,以及解冻后羊腿品质分析,表明微波解冻效果明显。     

微波技术在食品加工中的应用与发展

阐述了微波技术的加热与杀菌原理和特点,介绍了微波技术在食品加工中的应用情况与发展前景,以期促进微波技术在食品工业中的广泛应用。     

新型肉干加工工艺及质量控制方法研究

针对传统工艺生产的肉干存在质地坚硬、咀嚼困难和干燥时间过长等问题,在借鉴西式肉制品加工理论和工艺的基础上,提出了“先成型后切块”的肉干加工新工艺及其质量控制方法,研究了“肉干坯微波成型”和“肉干分段—平衡脱水”等新技术,系统探讨了影响新型肉干品质的关键因素。研究表明:①在温度4℃下对原料肉腌制18h,并在转速25r/min下滚揉120min,可以显著改善肉干的成型性和质地;②采用2450MHz微波在800W功率下,对原料处理2～4min,肉干坯定型和熟化效果较好;③与传统脱水工艺相比较,采用90℃→70℃→55℃分段—平衡脱水干燥工艺,不仅使肉干的干燥脱水时间缩短了18%,且其产品质地均匀;④先成型后切块工艺加工的肉干易于咀嚼。新工艺加工的肉干,更能适应现代市场对于肉干制品质地、口感和营养等方面的需求。     

蜂胶总黄酮含量快速测定方法的研究

利用微波技术加速蜂胶中黄酮类物质的浸出速度,从而达到快速检测的目的。通过实验表明,该方法操作简便,稳定性好,重复性高,可以作为对蜂胶原料及其产品质量的检测方法。