不同日粮对泌乳奶牛干物质采食量及消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究在不同日粮条件对奶牛干物质采食量(DMI)及养分消化率的影响。用4头安装永久瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠瘘管的泌乳奶牛(体重为483±21kg,泌乳日龄为175±6天)通过4×4拉丁方试验设计,日粮包括70CW组(粗料仅由羊草组成)、30：70CCA组(粗料为玉米青贮 苜蓿 羊草)、50：50CCA组和65：35CCA组,共设4期试验,每期23天。30：70CCA组干物质采食量与有机物采食量极显著低于其它日粮组(P＜0．01),30：70CCA组能量采食量显著低于其它30：70日粮组,CW组DM、OM在瘤胃消化率(P＜0．05)及全肠道消化率均(P＜0．01)显著低于其它日粮组；NDF、ADF瘤胃及全肠道消化率均无显著差异(P＜0．05)。65：35CCA组产奶量显著高于其它组(P＜0．01)。     

不同日粮对奶牛瘤胃发酵模式及泌乳性能的影响

选用4头安装永久瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠瘘管的泌乳奶牛(体重为483 kg±21 kg,泌乳日龄为175 d±6 d),研究4种日粮,分别为30∶70CW(粗料由羊草组成)、30∶70CCA(粗料为玉米青贮+苜蓿+羊草混合型)、50∶50CCA、65∶35CCA日粮对泌乳奶牛瘤胃内pH、NH3 N浓度、VFA的动态变化及奶牛生产性能的影响。试验采用4×4拉丁方设计,每期23 d。结果表明,精粗比为65∶35CCA日粮条件下奶牛瘤胃内pH显著低于其它组(P<0 01), 65∶35CCA及50∶50CCA日粮组瘤胃内NH3 N浓度显著高于精粗比30∶70 日粮组(P<0 01),瘤胃内乙酸浓度随精料比例的提高而降低(P= 0 10),丙酸浓度、丁酸浓度及乙酸/丙酸比例差异均为极显著(P<0 01);在不同精粗比日粮条件下,乳脂率差异显著(P<0 01),以30∶70CCA组为最高;产奶量、乳蛋白率及非乳脂固形物含量均呈极显著差异(P<0 01),均以高精料组65∶35CCA组为最高。     

不同比例压块秸秆与羊草组成粗饲料对奶牛瘤胃发酵和生产性能的影响

本试验旨在研究不同比例的玉米压块秸秆和羊草组成的日粮对奶牛瘤胃发酵、日粮消化率以及生产性能的影响.试验选用4头体重为(550±25)kg的装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的泌乳奶牛,采用4×4拉丁方设计,4个日粮处理精料组成相同,粗料组合分别为:100%玉米秸(100% CS)、60%的玉米秸+40%羊草(60% CS+40% CW)、40%玉米秸+60%羊草(40% CS+60% CW)和100%羊草(100% CW).试验期共60 d.结果表明:4个日粮处理间奶牛瘤胃pH差异不显著(P>0.05),60% CS+40% CW组和40% CS+60% CW组pH变化较平缓.日粮处理间氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度、微生物蛋白质(MCP)产量以及各种挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度差异均不显著(P>0.05).随着羊草比例的增加,乙酸/丙酸值逐渐减小.60% CS+40% CW组日粮中性洗涤纤维(NDF)消化率比100% CS组有提高的趋势(P=0.10),其他营养成分消化率各组间差异不显著(P>0.05).4个日粮处理条件对奶牛生产性能的影响不显著(P>0.05).由此可见,粗饲料由不同比例压块玉米秸秆和羊草组成的日粮对奶牛瘤胃发酵和生产性能的影响差异均不显著,均可提供正常的瘤胃发酵和泌乳的营养需要,能达到较高的乳脂率.60% CS+40% CW组有提高日粮NDF消化率的趋势.     

泌乳水平对奶牛日粮及羊草能量、氮代谢及瘤胃甲烷排放量的影响

试验旨在研究泌乳水平对奶牛日粮及羊草能量、氮代谢及甲烷排放规律的影响。试验采用单因素随机分组设计,分为干奶牛组(A组)、15 kg/d产奶牛组(B组)、27 kg/d产奶牛组(C组),每组4头,各试验牛的体重、年龄、胎次相近的,产奶牛处于相同泌乳阶段。采用间接法(套算法)测定羊草的能量及瘤胃甲烷产量。结果表明:能量代谢方面,随着泌乳水平的提高,日粮的能量消化率和代谢率随泌乳水平的升高而显著下降;羊草的消化能、代谢能、净能值以及瘤胃甲烷产生量随着泌乳水平的升高而显著下降(P<0.05)。日粮氮的消化率和代谢率随着泌乳水平的升高而显著下降(P<0.05)。A、B组和C组中,羊草的氮消化率分别为68.17%、66.64%和64.31%,A组的氮消化率、可消化氮显著高于C组(P<0.05);羊草氮代谢率及可代谢氮量随着泌乳水平升高而显著下降(P<0.05)。由此可知,奶牛泌乳水平对日粮及羊草的能量、氮代谢及瘤胃甲烷产量有显著影响。     

泌乳奶牛采食、反刍、逍遥行为和日粮纤维性物质表观消化率对比分析

为了对比不同泌乳阶段奶牛的采食、反刍、逍遥行为和日粮营养物质表观消化率,选择体重、胎次相近的8头健康荷斯坦泌乳奶牛,其中,4头处于泌乳盛期(泌乳盛期组),4头处于泌乳后期(泌乳后期组),进行了采食行为观察和消化试验,两组奶牛预饲期20 d,正试期15 d。结果表明,泌乳盛期组奶牛每天的干物质采食量为21.2 kg,极显著高于泌乳后期组的14.1 kg(P<0.01),但两组奶牛的采食时间和采食次数无显著差异(P>0.05),泌乳盛期组奶牛每千克DM采食的时间也极显著低于泌乳后期组奶牛(P<0.01);一昼夜总反刍时间泌乳盛期组奶牛极显著低于泌乳后期组(P<0.01),每千克DMI需反刍时间泌乳盛期组奶牛极显著低于泌乳后期组(P<0.01)。泌乳盛期组奶牛躺卧、走动和站立时间与泌乳后期组奶牛相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。泌乳盛期组奶牛日粮中NDF和ADF的表观消化率极显著低于泌乳后期组(P<0.01),两组奶牛NDF的表观消化率分别为55.8%、67.8%,ADF的表观消化率分别为44.2%、60.7%。     

泌乳盛期和泌乳后期奶牛的采食行为和日粮营养物质表观消化率的对比分析

试验旨在研究不同泌乳阶段奶牛饲喂相同日粮对采食行为和日粮营养物质表观消化率的影响。选择体重、胎次相近的8头健康泌乳牛,其中4头处于泌乳盛期(泌乳盛期组),4头处于泌乳后期(泌乳后期组),2组奶牛饲喂相同日粮,预试期15 d,正试期15 d。结果表明:泌乳盛期组奶牛每天干物质采食量(24.0 kg)高于泌乳后期组(P<0.01),泌乳盛期组奶牛每千克干物质的采食时间、一昼夜总反刍时间、躺卧时间均低于泌乳后期组(P<0.01),;泌乳盛期组奶牛日粮中中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率低于泌乳后期组(P<0.01)。由此可见,泌乳盛期奶牛采食时间极显著高于泌乳后期奶牛,泌乳盛期奶牛躺卧时间极显著少于泌乳后期。     

不同泌乳阶段对荷斯坦牛干物质采食量和钙磷消化率的影响

试验研究了不同泌乳阶段荷斯坦牛干物质采食量和钙、磷表观消化率的变化趋势。结果表明:泌乳9月、5月奶牛干物质采食量显著高于泌乳1月奶牛(P<0.05);泌乳1月、2月奶牛产奶量显著高于泌乳5月、9月奶牛;泌乳期内不同泌乳阶段对奶牛Ca、P表观消化率影响显著(P<0.05),泌乳1月和2月奶牛Ca、P表观消化率显著高于泌乳5月和9月(P<0.05)。     

日粮添加干玉米酒糟对泌乳奶牛干物质采食量、泌乳性能和瘤胃发酵的影响

文章旨在研究日粮中添加不同比例的干玉米酒糟对泌乳奶牛干物质采食量、泌乳性能和瘤胃发酵的影响。试验选择45头健康的中国荷斯坦奶牛,按照胎次、泌乳天数和产奶量进行区组设计,随机分配到3个处理组中,每组15头牛。对照组奶牛饲喂以玉米和豆粕为基础的日粮,不含有干玉米酒糟,试验1组和试验2组奶牛饲喂的日粮均以干玉米酒糟替代部分玉米和豆粕,替代比例分别为10%和20%(干物质基础)。预试期为2周,正试期为10周。试验结果表明,日粮添加干玉米酒糟显著提高了泌乳奶牛干物质采食量(P<0.05),而不同干玉米酒糟添加比例对奶牛的干物质采食量无显著影响(P>0.05)。日粮添加干玉米酒糟显著提高了泌乳奶牛的产奶量,且呈剂量依赖效应(P<0.05)。日粮添加干玉米酒糟对乳成分无显著影响(P>0.05),但由于产奶量的增加显著增加了乳中营养成分含量(P<0.05)。日粮添加干玉米酒糟改变了瘤胃发酵模式,降低了瘤胃液乙酸摩尔比值(P<0.05),增加了丙酸和丁酸摩尔比值(P<0.05),降低了瘤胃液NH3-N浓度。因此,可以使用干玉米酒糟替代部分玉米和豆粕来配合奶牛日粮,本试验中以20%的添加量较为合适。     

不同植物油对奶牛瘤胃代谢及养分表观消化率的影响

以3头年龄相同、平均体重为650±20 kg、泌乳期相同的装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,采用3×3拉丁方设计,研究探讨添加葵花油、胡麻油和菜籽油的日粮对奶牛瘤胃内纤毛虫数量、pH值、NH4-N浓度动态变化、干物质采食量及日粮养分表观消化率的影响.研究结果表明:日粮中添加不同的植物油(日粮脂肪含量均为6.5%)对奶牛瘤胃内纤毛虫数量、pH值、NH,-N浓度动态变化的影响差异均不显著(P>0.05),对干物质采食量的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),对日粮干物质、有机物、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和中性洗涤纤维表观消化率的影响均差异不显著(P>0.05).     

不同饲喂模式对奶牛采食和瘤胃发酵的影响

为采用4头体重(600±50)kg、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦经产奶牛进行试验,比较传统精粗分开饲喂向全混合日粮(TMR)转换时泌乳奶牛的采食、瘤胃发酵及生产性能的变化。试验动物所用日粮组成在整个试验期完全相同。前17 d采用精粗饲料分开饲喂的模式,后13 d则采用TMR进行饲喂。在由传统的精粗分开饲喂向TMR饲喂转换过程中,试验牛的日粮干物质采食量(DMI)、中型洗涤纤维进食量(NDFI)差异极显著(P<0.01),而与之相对应的采食时间差异不显著;全天的瘤胃pH值试验期前后比较无明显差异,但pH曲线但有趋于平稳的趋势,瘤胃中氨态氮浓度在试验期结束时差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

The Prevalence and Intensity of Helminth and Coccidial Infections in Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

A survey of gastrointestinal parasite infections of young (<6 months old), immature (6–12 months old) and adult (>12 months old) dairy cattle on 16 farms in Kiambu District, Kenya was conducted during a dry season (September 1991 to January 1992) and during a wet season (March to July 1992). The survey was based on monthly coproparasitological examination of cohorts and worm counts in tracer calves. The effects of age, sex, farm and season on the prevalence and intensity of helminth and coccidial infections were determined. Faecal egg and oocyst counts revealed that the overall prevalences were: strongyles (including trichostrongyles) (85.5%), liver flukes (Fasciola gigantica) (34.0%), coccidia (30.9%) and tapeworms (9.6%). Eight species of the protozoan Eimeria were identified, the most prevalent species being E. bovis and E. zuernii. The most prevalent nematode genera were Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus. Season, farm and age of the animals had a significant (p<0.05) influence on the intensity of infection with strongyles, liver flukes and coccidia, whereas the sex of the animals had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the prevalence or intensity of infections. A higher intensity of infection with strongyles and coccidia was found in the wet season than in the dry season (p<0.05). The age-specific intensity was in the following order: for strongyles, immature animals of 6–12 months of age had the highest egg counts, followed by young calves and adults. Calves had significantly (p<0.05) higher oocyst counts than immatures or adults. Liver fluke egg counts did not differ significant (p>0.05) between immatures and adult cattle.     

A brief history of the prevention of infectious diseases by immunisations

Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.     

Micronutrient Content of Certain Tropical Conventional and Unconventional Feed Resources of Southern India

The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.     

Bovine Mastitis in Selected Areas of Southern Ethiopia

A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. A total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous Zebu, 85 Jersey and 60 Holstein-Friesian, were examined by clinical examination and the California mastitis (CMT) test. Of these, 40.4% were positive by CMT and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevalence rates of 37.1% and 62.9%, respectively. Out of 1133 quarters examined, 212 (18.7%) were found to be infected, 83 (39.2%) clinically and 129 (60.8%) subclinically. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher in Holstein-Friesian than in indigenous Zebu, in non-lactating cows than in lactating cows, in the early lactation stage than in the mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with parity number (R = 0.9). Of 248 CMT and clinically positive udder quarter samples analysed microbiologically, 212 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and 36 were negative. Of the 199 positive samples, Staphylococcus accounted for 39.2%, Streptococcus for 23.6%, coliforms for 14.1%, Micrococcus and Bacillus species for 8.0% each and Actinomyces or Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) for 7.0%. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, in this study area.     

不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。