模拟降雨下重庆喀斯特槽谷区径流氮磷元素流失特征

为揭示降雨强度和岩层倾向对喀斯特槽谷区耕层土壤氮磷流失的影响,利用人工降雨装置和可变坡钢槽进行模拟试验,设计坡面坡度为25°,岩石裸露率为15%,岩层倾角为30°,地下孔裂隙度为3%,降雨强度分别为30、60和90mm/h,模拟降雨持续时间为1h。结果表明:1)产流量随着降雨强度的增大而增大,地表产流量表现为裸坡顺层坡逆层坡;地下产流量表现为逆层坡顺层坡裸坡。2)在30mm/h降雨强度条件下径流全氮浓度最高;在60mm/h降雨强度条件下铵态氮浓度和硝态氮浓度最高;磷浓度随着降雨强度的增大而降低;逆层坡的径流氮磷浓度最高。3)氮磷流失量随降雨强度增大而增大,且地下流失量高于地上流失量;不同岩层倾向条件下,氮磷流失量地上表现为裸坡顺层坡逆层坡,地下表现为逆层坡顺层坡裸坡;氮在逆层坡的流失量最多,磷在顺层坡的流失量最多。本研究可为在喀斯特槽谷区布设保水保土措施以及改善土壤质量上针对不同岩层倾向坡方案提供依据。     

坛紫菜自由丝状体对无机碳的利用

Free-living Porphyra haitanensis conchocelis was cultured under continual light,then it was treated with Van,DIDS and SITS,the inhibitors of inorganic carbon utilization,to study the mechanism of inorganic carbon utilization in the conchocelis.The results indicate that Van inhibits the utilization of inorganic carbon most,with a rate of 71.3%,and the rates of DIDS and SITS are relatively lower,42% and 35.5% respectively.The inhibition rate of Az is 25.3%,which indicates the external CA is not an important part of its inorganic carbon uptake.A complementary conclusion is that the main part of inorganic carbon absorption in P.haitanensis conchocelis is through active transport of HCO3^- and CO2.     

Modeling the egg and larval transport pathways of the Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) in the East Antarctic region: New insights into successful transport connections

The Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) is an important fishery species widely distributed in the Southern Ocean, especially in areas covered by sea ice. Understanding fish distributions and life cycles, including the transport and survival of eggs and larvae, is essential for the assessment and sustainable management of the fishery. However, owing to difficulties with in situ winter observations, information on the early life stages of D. mawsoni is lacking. Here, we investigated the transport pathways of fish eggs and larvae through a particle tracking study, using satellite-derived ocean surface velocities in the East Antarctic region, which includes important D. mawsoni habitats and exploratory fisheries. Our results indicate that particles released from continental slopes are more likely to be successfully transported to suitable settlement grounds than those released from the BANZARE Bank (the southern region of the Kerguelen Plateau), which is situated further north and has been hypothesized to be a potential spawning ground for D. mawsoni. This study demonstrates successful source–settlement connections in relation to ocean recirculation and suggests important settlement regions for D. mawsoni larvae in the East Antarctic region.     

Reduction of transport stress of ayu by obligated schooling

We investigated stress responses of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis under the hypothesis that overcrowding during transport can be a stressor and the stress predisposes fish to disease by decline in immunocompetence. The extent of stress response was determined under different fish densities. As inferred from the serum concentration of cortisol 1 day after the treatment, the density at more than 23 kg/m³, which was within the range of normal transporting procedures, acutely evoked intense stress responses. To examine a possible way to reduce the stress response of fish under crowding conditions, we compared two fish groups established in water tanks with circulating (whirling) and turbulent currents at the same density. The cortisol levels 1 day after the treatment were 2.5-fold higher in turbulent current than in whirling current. Fish in whirling current formed a school, while those in turbulent current aggregated with each other. Schooling of fish induced by water flow may reduce their stress responses during transport. A transport system with a directional water flow should keep fish in good condition without reducing the number of fish contained.     

Modelling the transport of particles in the North Sea with reference to sandeel larvae

The transport of particles representing sandeel larvae in the North Sea is simulated with a three-dimensional circulation model for the years 1976 to 1990. A great year-to-year variability in drift patterns is demonstrated. The results may explain some of the observed differences in recruitment between the main sandeel areas in the North Sea. In the northern sandeel area it seems that strong year classes are unlikely if the retention due to unfavourable currents is poor, and that a high retention in the summer may favour a good year class. In the southern sandeel area no clear coupling between year class strength and larval drift is found, possibly because the retention always seems large enough for a potentially good year class. For more quantitative use of such models in relation to sandeel recruitment, more biological knowledge is obviously needed on larval vertical distribution and timing of sandeel hatching and settling.     

日本脑炎病毒弱毒疫苗株全长cDNA的体外合成及恢复病毒的拯救

将病毒的全基因组分成3个重叠的区段分别扩增出来,把这3个片段连接到载体中。以这3个片段为模板,通过融合PCR方法,获得JEV的全长cDNA。以cDNA为体外转录的模板,体外转录获得病毒mRNA,转染BHK-21细胞,拯救JEV病毒。通过生物学特性、分子生物学、蛋白水平等几个方面对恢复病毒进行鉴定,并测定恢复病毒的生长曲线和LD50。结果显示,获得了全长cDNA,体外转录获得的病毒RNA转染BHK-21细胞后,二代恢复病毒可引起明显的细胞病变,间接免疫荧光试验和RT-PCR均为阳性。空斑试验表明,拯救病毒与原病毒空斑表型类似;恢复病毒与亲本毒相比在BHK-21细胞上生长更快;恢复病毒的LD50与亲本毒类似。     

铅蓄电池行业含铅废水深度处理技术进展与趋势

对铅酸电池含铅废水的来源,危害及深度处理技术及其各自的优缺点进行了综述,深入介绍了国内外膜技术的发展历史,详细探讨了反渗透膜技术的发展及应用前景。     

海珍品长途活体运输试验

对虾苗、亲虾及商品海珍品进行保活长途运输试验；结果表明，运输成活率与长途运输时间、运输密度及水温之间有密切关系。在正常水温下，虾苗运输时间长短与其运输密度成反比；亲虾运输，每袋以2－3尾亲虾为宜。海珍品运输与水体pH值密切相关；pH值越低，其运输成活率越低。     

不同剂量甘果寡糖对鲤生长和运输的影响

选用初始体重为 180～ 190g的正常健康鲤 10 8尾 ,分成 3组 ,每组 36尾 ,每组设 3个重复。实验用 3种处理 ,即对照组 (基础饵料 )、基础饵料 +30 0× 10 -6甘果寡糖、基础饵料 +6 0 0× 10 -6甘果寡糖 ,在实验 6 0d后每个处理组用 12尾鱼作运输试验 ,运输距离 5 0 0km ,运输时间近 14h。研究结果表明 :在基础饵料中 ,添加寡糖显著地提高生长速度和饵料利用率 (P <0 0 1) ,同时对鲤鱼的耐长途运输能力没有影响