Morphology of the tongue and laryngeal entrance in the Common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus); a light and scanning electron microscopic study

The present work was carried out to describe morphological features of the tongue and laryngeal entrance of the Common pheasantPhasianus colchicus, using light and scanning electron microscopy. The lingual apex was taper-shaped with a shallow median sulcus. A V-shaped papillary crest with 15–20 caudally directed conical papillae was located between the radix and corpus linguae. The second row of papillae consisting of three caudolaterally directed conical papillae was arranged caudal to the main papillary crest. The mons laryngealis was equipped caudally with a double-layer of large conical papillae as pharyngeal crest, and few small conical papillae were seen around the glottis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation showed that the apex linguae and corpus were covered with compact filiform papillae, while the radix linguae were free of papillae. Numerous openings of salivary gland can be seen on the radix linguae and mons laryngealis at higher magnification. On histological sections, all parts of the tongue and mons laryngealis were covered with a keratinised stratified squamous epithelium. The keratinised layer became thinner rostro-caudally. The simple alveolar salivary glands were distributed in the submucosa from the apex linguae to the radix linguae as well as the mons laryngealis. PAS staining revealed mucin-secreting activity of this glands. According to the findings, although the tongue and laryngeal entrance of the Common pheasant is characteristics of a galliform bird, it has some features similar to passeriformes and falconiformes.     

水牛发情期唾液生殖激素和结晶与卵泡发育的关系

本研究旨在探明水牛唾液生殖激素、唾液结晶和卵泡发育变化的规律。应用ELISA试剂盒测定水牛唾液和血清中的生殖激素,制作唾液结晶,并分析生殖激素和唾液结晶与卵泡变化的关系。运用唾液结晶法、直肠检查法、唾液结晶+B超法、直肠检查+B超法4种方法在生产中进行验证。结果表明,水牛发情当天唾液雌激素（E₂）的水平为233.51 pg/mL,达到一个峰值,随后开始缓慢降低。水牛唾液中孕激素（P₄）水平在发情前2 d达到16.17 ng/mL,发情当天降到8.91 ng/mL。促卵泡素（FSH）在水牛发情前2 d逐渐下降,从37.91 ng/mL降到34.64 ng/mL,但在发情2 d后逐渐升高,达到61.20 ng/mL。促黄体素（LH）在发情前1 d逐渐下降,从5.15 ng/mL降至发情当天4.12 ng/mL,但在发情1 d后升至5.77 ng/mL。B超监测卵巢卵泡从发情前2 d迅速生长,到发情当天达到20 mm大小,直到破裂排卵卵泡的大小变化不显著。排卵后形成黄体,黄体期一直维持到下次发情前4 d左右,期间在发情后14~17 d的黄体最大,与水牛唾液中LH分泌峰一致。唾液结晶+B超鉴定方法判定的发情率最高（86.67%）,与其他几种方法比较差异显著（P<0.05）;妊娠诊断结果也表明,唾液结晶+B超鉴定方法判定的妊娠率（61.53%）显著高于直肠检查法、唾液结晶法和直肠检查+B超法3种方法鉴定的结果（P<0.05）。综上所述,卵巢上卵泡的发育与唾液中生殖激素的浓度显著相关,发情当天唾液结晶呈现典型的树枝状,唾液结晶+B超法的发情鉴定准确率最高。     

桑天牛雄性附腺内容物组分分析

测定桑天牛雄性附腺内容物中可溶性蛋白、总糖、海藻糖、游离氨基酸等组分含量及变化情况.结果表明:雄性附腺内容物中可溶性蛋白含量最高,占总腺管鲜重的8.39%;总糖含量次之,占总鲜重的4.21%;海藻糖和游离氨基酸含量低,分别占鲜重的0.50%、0.25%.低日龄雄虫附腺内容物中各组分含量高,随虫龄的增大,其含量不断降低.交配过程中,雄性附腺内容物部分转移到雌虫,交配后附腺内容物中总糖、海藻糖、游离氨基酸等组分含量均降低,蛋白质组分含量会先升高再降低,48 h即恢复可到交配前水平,且大、小附腺内各组分含量变化有差异.     

高温对桑蚕雄蛾附腺发育及不育性的影响

1.高温(上族后34℃处理)导致附腺畸形;长度缩短;干重减轻.2.高温引起腺体组织构造发生变化.核系统受破坏;核质不均匀;粗面内质网断裂、线粒体被破坏.3.腺细胞中的DNA、RNA含量减轻.4.分泌物中蛋白质及其氨基酸组成改变、含量减少。5.高温处理时间愈长,精子活力愈弱,不受精卵率愈高。     

Undifferentiated Sarcoma of the Salivary Gland in a Mongolian Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

A subcutaneous mass was found in the lower ventral neck region of a 55-week-old male Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Histopathologically, the mass involved salivary glands and featured diffuse proliferation of pleomorphic neoplastic cells with large necrotic foci. The lesion was well demarcated from the surrounding tissue, although invasive growth to fibrous septa was occasionally observed. The neoplastic cells were mainly arranged in irregular sheets with severe cellular atypia, round to oval nuclei and varying amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm. Mitotic figures and multinucleated giant cells were frequent. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the neoplastic cells were strongly positive for vimentin and S-100 and negative for NSE, cytokeratin, α-SMA, c-kit, factor VIII, CD34, α-1-antitrypsin, lysozyme and MSR-A. Based on the results, the mass was diagnosed as an undifferentiated sarcoma of the salivary gland. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a tumor in Mongolian gerbils.     

Expression of GPR30 and GPR43 in oral tissues: deriving new hypotheses on the role of diet in animal physiology and the development of oral cancers

Food components and salivary hormones modulate the function of various tissues in the oral cavity. However, the mechanisms underlying such interactions are poorly understood. This study aimed at the detection of GPR30 and GPR43 in oral epithelia. Although unknown yet, the expression of these receptors is hypothesized to be fundamental for the actions of salivary oestrogens, dietary isoflavones and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the oral environment. Either immunoblotting or RT-PCR techniques were used for receptor detection in bovine and primate oral tissues. Here we show for the first time that mRNA of the G-protein-coupled oestrogen receptor, GPR30, and the short chain fatty acid receptor, GPR43, are expressed in bovine parotid glands. Furthermore, GPR30 protein is expressed in bovine parotid gland and the tongue of the primate Theropithecus gelada. With GPR30 being a target for dietary isoflavones and GPR43 being a suggested target for short chain fatty acids, we propose new hypotheses concerning the receptors' roles in salivary gland physiology and pathology. Our findings may trigger more detailed studies on GPRs to unravel their role in regulatory mechanisms in the oral cavity as well as in cancer development in relation to diets or biologically active compounds like soy isoflavones.     

鸡消化管粘液腺粘多糖分布的酶标凝集素研究

利用酶标凝集素和组织化学方法,对鸡的食管腺,腺胃粘膜上皮、腺胃浅层单管状腺、腺胃深层复管状腺、十二指肠与直肠杯状细胞等进行了研究.发现食管腺上皮、腺胃粘膜上皮、十二指肠和直肠杯状细胞均含有较多中性和酸性粘多糖;而腺胃浅层单管状腺、深层复管状腺集合窦的中性和酸性粘多糖含量则较少.食管腺、腺胃粘膜上皮、腺胃深层复管状腺集合窦上皮对PNA和ConA反应均呈阳性;腺胃浅层单管状腺对PNA和ConA反应呈弱阳性;十二指肠、直肠杯状细胞对PNA反应呈强阳性.上述器官的粘液腺、杯状细胞均不对DBA起反应.各种粘液腺和杯状细胞分泌物中粘多糖的糖基不同,可能与它们的功能有关.     

初生民猪和哈白猪腹腔内消化器官及肾、脾、肾上腺的测量比较

初生民猪腹腔内消化器官各段(除十二指肠第2部外)的长度,与初生哈白猪相比均无显著差异;各段重量间也无显著差异;各段周长(除盲肠外)仍无显著差异。两品种的肾、脾和肾上腺的长度、重量和比重方面同样也无显著差异。这说明两品种腹腔内各器官在初生时差异很小。唯一的差异是民猪的升结肠向心曲和离心曲分别比哈白猪多转半圈,差异极显著。     

互助县山羊唾液中五种无机离子浓度的测定

对互助县30只山羊的唾液钠、钾、钙、磷、氯五种无机离子浓度进行了测定。结果:唾液钠为120.0±23.5mmolL,唾液钾为14.95±5.07mmolL,唾液钙为2.32±0.02mmolL,唾液无机磷为1.55±0.44mmolL,唾液氯为113.3±2.1mmolL,唾液钠钾比为8.7±2.3,唾液钙磷比为1.5±1.0。