鸡HSP90AA1基因SNP检测及启动子区CpG岛的甲基化研究

试验旨在获得鸡热休克蛋白90α(HSP90AA1)基因序列并分析其基因结构和相关遗传变异,检测HSP90AA1基因启动子区CpG岛的甲基化状态,初步探索HSP90AA1基因在肌肉组织生长发育中的作用。以文昌鸡和北京油鸡为试验材料,利用PCR扩增鸡HSP90AA1基因组序列;通过基因测序寻找该基因中的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点;使用在线软件MethPrimer预测鸡HSP90AA1基因中CpG岛的位置;应用MassArray质谱法检测鸡胸肌中HSP90AA1基因启动子区CpG岛的甲基化水平,比较分析文昌鸡和北京油鸡HSP90AA1基因的甲基化差异。结果显示,在鸡HSP90AA1基因组中共发现7个SNPs位点,分别位于启动子区(A-189G,C-109T)、第1外显子(A+6G)、第2外显子(C+343T)、第2内含子(A+634G、A+836G)和第7内含子(A+3449G);鸡HSP90AA1基因包含10个外显子和9个内含子,其启动子区存在1个CpG岛,位于-1 802～-469bp处;在HSP90AA1基因启动子区共检测了42个CpG位点的甲基化水平,文昌鸡和北京油鸡中分别有9个(CpG_16.17.18、CpG_21.22.23、CpG_32.33和CpG_57)和4个CpG位点(CpG_1、CpG_5.6和CpG_57)在胸肌生长发育过程中发生甲基化改变。结果表明,文昌鸡与北京油鸡HSP90AA1基因序列信息和启动子区CpG岛的甲基化水平不同,这可能导致两种鸡对于应激反应具有不同的耐受程度。以上试验结果将为文昌鸡和北京油鸡生长发育规律、系统选育等方面的研究提供表观遗传学依据。     

甲胺磷、90-消毒剂对欧洲鳗仔鳗的急性毒性作用

采用静水实验法进行甲胺磷乳剂,９０－消毒剂对欧洲鳗仔鳗急性毒性试验研究。结果表明：在试验浓度３２－５６ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内,欧洲鳗仔鳗中毒死亡发生在３０－４４ｈ,对甲胺磷乳剂急性中毒死亡的时间集中且持续短促;甲胺磷乳剂对欧洲鳗仔鳗的半致死浓度为３５．９ｍｇ／Ｌ,安全浓度为３．６ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

Prevalence,geographic distribution and phenotypic differences of Piscirickettsia salmonis EM‐90‐like isolates

Early reports accounted for two main genotypes of Piscirickettsia salmonis, a fish pathogen and causative agent of piscirickettsiosis, placing the single isolate EM‐90 apart from the prototypic LF‐89 and related isolates. In this study, we provide evidence that, contrary to what has been supposed, the EM‐90‐like isolates are highly prevalent and disseminated across Chilean marine farms. Molecular analysis of 507 P. salmonis field isolates derived from main rearing areas, diverse hosts and collected over 6 years, revealed that nearly 50% of the entire collection were indeed typed as EM‐90‐like. Interestingly, these isolates showed a marked host preference, being recovered exclusively from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) samples. Although both strains produce undistinguishable pathological outcomes, differences regarding growth kinetics and susceptibility to the antibiotics and bactericidal action of serum could be identified. In sum, our results allow to conclude that the EM‐90‐like isolates represent an epidemiologically relevant group in the current situation of piscirickettsiosis. Based on the consistency between genotype and phenotype exhibited by this strain, we point out the need for genotypic studies that may be as important for the Chilean salmon industry as the continuous surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.     

脊尾白虾热休克蛋白HSP90基因的原核表达与鉴定

将脊尾白虾热休克蛋白90基因克隆到原核表达载体pET-30a中,经酶切验证和DNA测序鉴定后,将重组质粒转化表达宿主大肠杆菌Rosetta,优化温度、时间、IPTG和OD600表达条件进行诱导表达,收集菌液,进行SDS-PAGE和质谱检测,并用Quantity one软件分析蛋白表达水平。结果表明,成功构建了含脊尾白虾HSP90基因的重组表达载体pET-30a-HSP90,表达目的蛋白相对分子量为82.7kD,为HSP90蛋白。通过条件优化认为重组菌株Rosetta/pET-30a-HSP90的最佳诱导温度为37℃,最佳IPTG浓度为1.0mmol/L,最佳诱导时机和诱导时间分别为0.58h、7h。     

条斑紫菜HSP90基因的克隆与表达分析

为了研究HSP90在条斑紫菜胁迫耐受中的作用,克隆了条斑紫菜HSP90基因(命名为PyHSP90),采用定量RT-PCR研究了其表达规律。PyHSP90基因包含一个长2274nt的完整开放阅读框,编码757个氨基酸。PyHSP90蛋白定位于细胞质中,具有HSP90蛋白家族的特征序列和保守结构域,与多种生物的HSP90具有较高的序列一致性。在进化树上条斑紫菜等红藻的HSP90与隐藻的亲缘关系最近,与绿藻和陆生植物亲缘关系较远。低温和高温胁迫都能显著性地诱导条斑紫菜叶状体PyHSP90基因的表达,而且表达量与胁迫程度成正相关;低盐胁迫下PyHSP90基因表达上调;而失水胁迫下PyHSP90基因表达下调。     

草鱼HSP90基因cDNA序列克隆及其组织表达差异

根据斑马鱼HSP90(Heat shock protein)序列(NM_131328)设计并合成一对引物,提取草鱼肝脏组织总RNA,RT-PCR扩增获得草鱼HSP90基因cDNA部分序列596 bp,获得GenBank登陆号为FJ517554.将测序结果利用DNAman软件与其他几种已知序列的鱼进行比对,结果表明,草鱼HSP90与斑马鱼、鲤、鲋的同源性依次为90%、89%、92%.同时利用半定量(Semi-quantitative,SQ)RT-PCR技术检测HSP90在草鱼脂肪、肌肉、肠、脑、粘液、性腺、鳔、肝脏、心脏、脾脏、鳃、鳍12个组织的表达差异.结果表明,HSP90在草鱼除了鳍外的其他11个组织中均检测到表达,其中在心脏中表达最高,但与鳃、性腺、脑、脾脏中的表达无显著差异(P>0.05),在脂肪、粘液、鳔组织中的表达显著低于其他几种组织(P<0.05),在肝脏、肌肉与肠中的表达无显著差异(P>0.05).     

The mutagenesis of a type IV secretion system locus of Piscirickettsia salmonis leads to the attenuation of the pathogen in Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar

Piscirickettsiosis is a threatening infectious disease for the salmon industry, due to it being responsible for significant economic losses. The control of outbreaks also poses considerable environmental challenges. Despite Piscirickettsia salmonis having been discovered as the aetiological agent of the disease more than 25 years ago, its pathogenicity remains poorly understood. Among virulence factors identified so far, type four secretion systems (T4SS) seem to play a key role during the infection caused by the bacterium. We report here the genetic manipulation of P. salmonis by means of the transference of plasmid DNA in mating assays. An insertion cassette was engineered for targeting the icmB gene, which encodes a putative T4SS‐ATPase and is carried by one of the chromosomal T4SS clusters found within the genome of P. salmonis PM15972A1, a virulent representative of the EM‐90‐like strain. The molecular characterization of the resulting mutant strain demonstrated that the insertion interrupted the target gene. Further in vitro testing of the icmB mutant showed a dramatic drop in infectivity as tested in CHSE‐214 cells, which is in agreement with its attenuated behaviour observed in vivo. Altogether, our results demonstrate that, similar to other facultative intracellular pathogens, P. salmonis’ virulence relies on an intact T4SS.     

α菠菜甾醇对小鼠小肠段药物转运体P-gp和PEPT1表达的影响

以酒石酸泰乐菌素为底药,探讨α 菠菜甾醇对小鼠小肠段药物转运体P gp和PEPT1表达的影响。48只小鼠分为4组：α 菠菜甾醇组,酒石酸泰乐菌素组,α 菠菜甾醇和酒石酸泰乐菌素混合组,生理盐水对照组。每组按0.2 mL·10 g-1体质量的剂量每天灌胃一次,共灌胃5 d,分别在1,3,5 d后处死1批采样。采用免疫组化的方法测定1,3,5 d的小鼠肠道上P gp和PEPT1的表达。试验结果表明,α 菠菜甾醇组和混合组相对于对照组外排性药物转运体P gp表达减少,而摄取性药物转运体PEPT1表达增多;酒石酸泰乐菌素组的外排性药物转运体P gp表达增多,摄取性药物转运体PEPT1表达减少;且都随着用药时间的延长差异增大。表明α 菠菜甾醇具有抑制药物转运体P gp表达和促进药物转运体PEPT1表达的作用。     

利用高密度SNP 遗传图谱定位小麦穗部性状基因

小麦穗部性状之间相关性密切, 其中穗粒数和千粒重是重要的产量构成要素, 挖掘与穗部性状相关联的基因位点对分子标记辅助育种及解释基因效应具有重要意义。本研究以RIL群体(山农01-35×藁城9411) 173个F_8:9株系为材料, 利用90 k小麦SNP基因芯片、DArT芯片技术及传统的分子标记技术构建的高密度遗传图谱, 在5个环境下进行穗部相关性状QTL定位。检测到位于1B、4B、5B、6A染色体上7个控制千粒重的加性QTL, 解释表型变异率6.00%~36.30%, 加性效应均来自大粒母本山农01-35; 检测到8个控制穗长的加性QTL, 解释表型变异率14.34%~25.44%; 3个控制穗粒数的加性QTL; 5个控制可育小穗数的加性QTL; 3个控制不育小穗数的加性QTL, 贡献率为8.70%~37.70%; 4个控制总小穗数的加性QTL; 6个控制小穗密度的加性QTL。通过基因型与环境互作分析, 检测到32个加性QTL, 解释表型变异率0.05%~1.05%。在4B染色体区段EX_C101685–RAC875_C27536检测到控制粒重、穗长、穗粒数、可育小穗数、不育小穗数、总小穗数的一因多效QTL,其贡献率为5.40%~37.70%, 该位点在多个环境中被检测到, 是稳定主效QTL。在6A染色体wPt-0959-TaGw2-CAPS区间上检测到控制粒重、总小穗数的QTL。研究结果为穗部性状的分子标记开发、基因精细定位和功能基因克隆奠定了基础。