新型黄病毒在种鹅中垂直传播的研究

[目的]证实新型黄病毒在种鹅中是否存在垂直传播,为控制该病提供可靠的流行病学依据.[方法]采用巢式RT-PCR和病毒分离技术,对患病种鹅病料、不同孵化阶段死胚、出雏蛋壳内部冲洗液、弱雏样品进行黄病毒分离及基因检测.[结果]在患病种鹅、孵化过程中死亡鹅胚尿囊液、出雏蛋壳内壁洗液和雏鹅中均能检测和分离到黄病毒,其中患病种鹅病料的黄病毒阳性率为100.0%,孵化死亡鹅胚黄病毒阳性率为39.6%,出雏蛋壳内部冲洗液黄病毒阳性率为45.0%;1日龄和15日龄弱雏黄病毒阳性率为80.0%.[结论]黄病毒可以通过鹅胚传到下一代,即新型黄病毒在种鹅中存在垂直传播的现象.     

胰岛素样生长因子I基因在鹅不同发育时期肌肉组织中的表达

采用RT-PCR方法及免疫组织化学方法,检测胰岛素样生长因子-I(IGF-I)基因在28,56日龄鹅肌肉组织中的表达和定位情况.结果表明:IGF-I mRNA表达于上述2个日龄鹅胸肌和腿肌组织中,主要表达于肌肉组织的肌细胞,表明IGF-I可能对鹅肌肉的生长发育有促进作用;且在28日龄胸肌肌细胞和腿肌肌细胞中IGF-I的...     

兴国灰鹅季节性繁殖控制技术研究初报

针对兴国灰鹅存在明显的季节性繁殖特性,采用短光照控制技术,解决了其在自然条件下5～8月份不产蛋的问题,兴国灰鹅的产蛋数显著提高。     

填饲鹅肝脏组织中脂肪酸沉积与FAS基因mRNA的表达丰度

【目的】研究不同填饲期肥肝鹅肝脏组织中不同脂肪酸沉积与脂肪酸合成酶（fatty acid synthetase,FAS）基因mRNA的表达丰度及相关性。【方法】对200只100日龄青农灰鹅进行填饲,从填饲0 d起,每隔6 d屠宰1次,共6次。每次随机选取10只,每只为1个重复,屠宰测定肥肝重、肝中脂肪含量、各种脂肪酸含量和FAS基因mRNA的表达丰度。【结果】①肥肝重随填饲时间的延长而增加,肝中粗脂肪含量（ether extract,EE）随肝重的增加而增加,以填饲18-24 d鹅的肥肝增重最快（504.67 g/6 d）,12-18 d的次之。②肝中饱和脂肪酸（saturated fatty acid,SFA）和单不饱和脂肪酸（monounsaturated fatty acid,MUFA）的含量随着填饲时间的延长而增加,尤其是在12-18和18-24 d这两个阶段的沉积最为明显,而多不饱和脂肪酸（polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFA）主要是在填饲后期（18-30 d）沉积;在整个填饲过程中,各种脂肪酸的沉积表现为填饲后期显著大于填饲前期（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;填饲30 d时沉积量较大的脂肪酸为肉豆蔻酸（C14﹕0）、棕榈酸（C16﹕0）、硬脂酸（C18﹕0）、棕榈油酸（C16﹕1）、油酸（C18﹕1）、二十碳烯酸（C20﹕1）和亚油酸（C18﹕2）,每100 g组织中的含量分别为0.6028 、17.72、7.25、2.75、37.42、0.3078和0.43 g。③FAS基因mRNA的表达丰度随肝脏增重和脂肪沉积速度的增加呈现出先增加后迅速降低的趋势,填饲24 d时极显著高于其它时期（P＜0.01）;0-24 d鹅肝脏组织中FAS基因mRNA表达丰度与肥肝重、EE、SFA和MUFA存在极显著正相关（P＜0.01）,而与PUFA存在弱负相关且差异不显著（P＞0.05）,30 d时相关性不显著（P＞0.05）。【结论】①鹅肝中EE、SFA和MUFA的含量随填饲时间和肝重的增加而增加;填饲18-24 d鹅肝脏增重和EE、SFA和MUFA的沉积速度最快;②FAS基因mRNA的表达对肥肝鹅肝脏中脂肪的沉积具有填饲前、中期快速增加,填饲后期下降的调控作用。     

膨化血粉水平对肥育鹅胴体性能的影响

选取300只健康无病、体重为2 412.85(±68.37)g的豁眼鹅,采用单因子完全随机设计,设3个处理,5次重复,分别在日粮中分别添加1.5%、3.0%、4.5%的膨化血粉,探讨不同比例膨化血粉对肥育鹅胴体性能指标的影响。结果显示:屠宰率3%组最高(90.17%),4.5%组次之(89.99%),1.5%组最低(89.69%);半净膛率3%组最高(78.39%),4.5%组次之(78.00%),1.5%组最低(77.98%);全净膛率3%组最高(69.41%),4.5%组次之(69.06%),1.5%组最低(69.01%);胸肌率3%组最高(20.35%),4.5%组次之(20.17%),1.5%组最低(20.10%);腿肌率3%组最高(18.37%),4.5%组次之(18.07%),1.5%组最低(17.99%);腹脂率3%组最高(2.24%),4.5%组次之(2.11%),1.5%组最低(2.03%)。结果表明,在日粮中添加3%的膨化血粉,能显著提高肥育鹅胴体性能。     

不同水平膨化血粉对雏鹅消化道微环境的影响

为研究不同水平的膨化血粉对雏鹅消化道微环境的影响,选取300只1 日龄雏鹅,随机分为3组,在日粮中分别添加1.5%、3.0%、4.5%的膨化血粉,组成3个日粮处理.分别对其胃内容物蛋白酶活性、胰腺消化酶活性、十二指肠内容物消化酶活性、盲肠微生物茵群数量进行了测定.结果表明,3种不同水平膨化血粉处理的消化酶活性依次为3....     

不同蛋白原料对生长鹅生长性能及盲肠微生物的影响

选取300只健康、活泼的28日龄豁眼鹅,公母各半,体重为1 142.68(±50.64)g,随机分为3组,分别是血粉3%组、膨化血粉3%组和鱼粉3%组,每组设5次重复,每次重复20只鹅,试验时间28 d,研究在相同营养水平条件下,等比例的血粉、膨化血粉以及鱼粉对生长鹅生长性能和盲肠微生物菌群的影响和膨化血粉替代鱼粉的可行性。结果表明:平均日增重、饲料转化率以及盲肠内容物中乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌数量的高低顺序为鱼粉组>膨化血粉组>血粉组,鱼粉组与膨化血粉组之间差异不显著,但均显著高于血粉组(P<0.05)。结果说明膨化血粉的饲喂效果显著好于血粉,在生长鹅日粮中可以3%比例等量替代鱼粉。     

不同蛋白原料对肥育鹅营养物质代谢及盲肠微生物的影响

为了研究不同蛋白来源对肥育鹅营养物质代谢及盲肠内容物主要微生态菌群的影响,试验选择300只56日龄体重为2 412.85(±68.37)g的豁眼鹅,以鱼粉、血粉、膨化血粉作为蛋白来源,按着等氮、等能的原则随机分为3个组,每组设5次重复,每次重复20只鹅,进行为期14 d的试验。结果显示:鱼粉组营养物质的代谢率略高于膨化血粉组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);膨化血粉组和鱼粉组NDF、EE、CP的表观代谢指标显著高于血粉组(P<0.05);鱼粉组CF、ADF、ME的表观代谢率显著高于血粉组。鱼粉组(3.0%)乳酸菌和双歧杆菌的数量均高于其他组,而大肠杆菌的数量却最低;血粉组(3.0%)乳酸菌和双歧杆菌的数量均低于其他组,而大肠杆菌的数量在3种处理中最高;鱼粉组(3.0%)与膨化血粉组(3.0%)相比较在以上3种细菌的数量上最为接近。研究结果表明,在肥育鹅的基础日粮中添加3.0%鱼粉或3.0%膨化血粉具有较好的应用效果,膨化血粉在肥育鹅日粮中可以代替相同水平的鱼粉,且其效果要明显优于普通血粉。     

Study on the Changes of Reproductive Hormone and Regulation of Follicle Development During the Reproductive Cycle of Yili Goose in Xinjiang

This experiment was aimed to study the changes of reproductive hormone and regulation of follicle development during the reproductive cycle of Yili goose in Xinjiang. 2 years old Yili goose were chosen which were in good health and similar weight. 32 samples were randomly selected to take blood samples for hormone detection during the laying, broodiness and ceased periods, and 15 samples were randomly selected to gather ovarian tissue for the observation of the development of ovary and follicular. The results showed that during the laying period, the GnRH of the Yili goose was extremely significantly higher than the broodiness and ceased periods of 16.78% and 58.29% (P<0.01);PRL was significantly lower than the broodiness period of 13.00% (P<0.05), and was extremely significantly higher than the ceased period of 28.94% (P<0.01); FSH was higher than the broodiness period of 6.98% (P>0.05),and was extremely significantly higher than the ceased period of 21.12% (P<0.01); LH was extremely significantly lower than the broodiness period of 8.38% (P<0.01),and was extremely significantly higher than the ceased period of 16.84% (P<0.01); E₂ were extremely significantly higher than that the broodiness and ceased periods of 29.80% and 112.40% (P<0.01); P₄ levels were extremely significantly higher than the broodiness and ceased periods of 28.89% and 30.34% (P<0.01). The ovary volume and weight of Yili goose were extremely significantly higher than that of broodiness and ceased periods (P<0.01). In the laying period, the mature follicles of Yili goose were significantly larger than that of the broodiness and resting periods, the number of secondary follicles was more and the number of primary follicles was lesser. Ovarian growth and mature follicle atresia, granule layer shrinkage, inward depression, cytoplasmic cavity, follicular atrophy at all levels in the broodiness period. The follicle cytoplasmic cavity of the ovary was larger in the ceased period than broodiness period, and inward concave further deeper, a large number of primordial follicles evenly arranged. Thus, during the laying period, the responses of GnRH, E₂ and LH of Yili goose were active and played a leading role on the development of ovarian and follicular. PRL and LH maintained a high level of secretion, cooperated to maintain the broodiness behavior during the broodiness period.     

雏鹅大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为有效防治雏鹅大肠杆菌病,试验无菌采集疑似大肠杆菌病例雏鹅的肝、脾等组织,进行病原菌的分离培养,经过培养特性、形态染色、生化特性以及致病性试验,鉴定为大肠杆菌。选用7种临床常用抗菌药物进行药敏试验,药敏试验结果表明,分离菌株对庆大霉素、阿莫西林、氧氟沙星、头孢唑啉产生耐药性,对丁安卡娜高度敏感。试验结果为雏鹅大肠杆菌病的临床治疗提供依据。