Attempt to produce nuclear transferred primordial germ cells using electrofusion in domestic chicken

As a step to develop a somatic nuclear transfer technique for avian species, an attempt to produce somatic nuclear transferred primordial germ cells (PGC) in the domestic chicken was carried out. Primordial germ cells and embryonic blood cells (EBC) were collected from 2‐day‐old embryos and the nuclei were transferred from EBC into PGC by electrofusion. The most efficient pearl chain was developed when a 350‐V/cm AC field was applied for 60 s. Cell fusion between PGC and EBC was most effective when 4‐kV/cm DC pulses, 60 µs pulse width, were applied three times to a cell suspension dispersed in 0.2 or 0.25 mol/L saccharose solution. The present results provide basic information for the production of somatic cell nuclear transferred chickens using PGC as the nuclear recipient.     

五指山近交猪胚胎生殖细胞(EG)嵌合体在我国移植产仔

采集25~28日龄的五指山小型猪(WZSP)胚胎原始生殖嵴细胞(PGCs),用于 WZSP生殖细胞(EG)建系培养技术研究。研究发现:以DMEM含15%胎牛血清、0 1 mol/L巯基乙醇等为基础培养液,分别添加生长因子20 ng/mL LIF、40 ng/mL hSCF、20 ng/mL hbFGF,以STO为饲养层,进行 EG培养建系,WZSP 3 d 可出现克隆,其克隆具有出现早,生长数量多,增殖快,成熟亦早,传代率高的特点。培养 7~10 d需传代或冷冻保存。EG类细胞冷冻、解冻后尚可复苏,并传至11代。若基础培养液不添加生长因子,培养 6~10 d后亦可出现 EG克隆细胞株,但其克隆具有出现晚、数量少、增殖慢等特点。研究中还发现25~26日龄的WZSP胚胎的原始生殖嵴小、不易观察、PGCs分离较困难; 27 ~ 28 日龄的 WZSP 胚胎的原始生殖嵴体积大、易观察、便于分离并可获得多量的PGCs。同时对PGCs进行了形态学、体外分化、AKP染色鉴定等研究。2002 年 9-12 月,在中国农业科学院畜牧研究所五指山猪保种场先后从22头超排处理的大白猪供体中,于配种后(当天为 0 d)5 5~7 d实施手术法获得252枚可用胚。将123枚胚胎显微注射WZSP的EG细胞,每枚注射5~15个细胞,与未注射的 103 枚混合分别移植给9头受体,平均每头受体移植胚胎25 11±5 11枚、含注射 EG细胞胚胎 13 67±3 57 枚,其中 7 头分别     

Effects of temperature on germination and hyphal growth from conidia of Ramularia rhei and Ascochyta rhei, causing spot diseases of rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum)

Rhubarb leaf and petiole spot disease, caused by Ramularia rhei and Ascochyta rhei , has gradually become more noticeable in the UK field crop. Conidial germination and subsequent colony growth of R. rhei and A. rhei were investigated under in vitro conditions on potato dextrose agar and in vivo on leaf discs. Results indicated that the two fungi responded differently to temperature. Ramularia rhei was better adapted to temperatures ≤ 25°C, with an optimum around 20°C, whereas A. rhei was more adapted to temperatures ≥ 15°C, with an optimum > 25°C. Overall, conidia of R. rhei germinated and subsequent colonies grew at greater rates than those of A. rhei on leaf discs at temperatures ≤ 25°C. These results indicated that it is important to identify the causal agent of leaf and petiole spot diseases in rhubarb field crops in order to estimate disease risks accurately.     

SPF鸡屏障系统净化技术研究

本文从理论上较为系统地对SPF鸡实验动物房的净化管理技术进行研究,对净化原理,洁净度、压力梯度以及该动物房各个部位、洁净室的风量风速、压力损失和静压差进行了分析和计算,使读者对SPF鸡屏障系统有了较清晰的认识。希望对相关净化管理人员有一定的参考价值。     

水牛PGC和前精原细胞的体外培养

分别对取自50~95日龄水牛胎儿的原生殖细胞和前精原细胞进行体外培养,观察其生物学行为,并检测其碱性磷酸酶(AP)活性和Oct-4蛋白特性,探讨利用这些生殖细胞建立干细胞系的可行性和检测方法。结果表明水牛原生殖细胞及前精原细胞分别在体外培养时,均能形成细胞克隆;克隆与周围细胞分界明显,但克隆中细胞相互间界限不清;部分克隆有分隔现象,形如多个克隆共同组成一个大克隆;细胞克隆均至少能培养4代以上;原生殖细胞和前精原细胞及其来源的细胞克隆均呈AP阴性和Oct-4蛋白阴性,其中部分克隆表现为AP假阳性。研究结果显示水牛原生殖细胞和前精原细胞均可用于建立干细胞系;体外培养时,AP活性和Oct-4蛋白不适宜用来检测这些细胞及其来源的细胞克隆。     

绒山羊原始生殖细胞继代培养研究

本研究对原代培养至6d时的鸟巢状绒山羊类胚胎干细胞(ES细胞)集落进行了传代培养。其结果:这些集落的细胞经6代克隆传代具有胚胎干细胞的诸多特征。细胞集落有典型的鸟巢状结构,AKP染色阳性,核型分析结果染色体正常。在透射电镜下细胞体积小,核大,有多个核仁而且核仁明显,细胞形态不规则,无明显界限。细胞质中核糖体较多,内质网、线粒体发达,部分细胞的核膜上出现小泡、染色质边集而形成凋亡小体。上述结果表明该细胞具有多能性,类似ES细胞。     

重组逆转录病毒介导的neo~R基因在公鼠生殖系细胞的转移

将感染滴度为 10 6cfu/ m L、携带新霉素磷酸转移酶 (neo R)基因的重组逆转录病毒与台盼蓝、polybrene按一定比例配制成注射液 ,单侧睾丸注入 14～ 16日龄公鼠曲细精管以体内感染精原干细胞 ,进行重组逆转录病毒 -精原干细胞介导的基因转移研究。注射后 45 d,采集公鼠精液 ,进行精液品质与 PCR检测。结果表明 ,在优化的注射条件下 ,曲细精管内注射重组逆转录病毒后 ,不会干扰小鼠精子的正常发育能力 ,并能够将外源基因整合到精子基因组 ,从而首次通过重组逆转录病毒成功地实现了 neo R基因在公鼠生殖系细胞的转移     

Induction of apoptosis by wheat germ agglutinin in mouse fibroblast cell line L929

AIM: To investigate whether wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) could induce apoptosis in mouse fibroblast cell line L929 and the possible molecular mechanism underlying. METHODS: The cells were exposed to WGA or its succinylated form (sWGA) for 24 h and both attached cells and the cells in supernatant were collected. The percentages of apoptotic cells were estimated by flow cytometry after staining with propidium iodide. Cell morphology was observed under fluorescence microscope after staining the cells with acridine orange. RESULTS: WGA treatment resulted in significant increase of the low DNA content peak (sub-G₁) that representing apoptotic cells, whereas sWGA did not. Morphologic study demonstrated that exposure to WGA induced nuclear fragmentation while sWGA not. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that WGA (specific for both sialic acid and GlcNAc) induces apoptosis in L929 cells, whereas sWGA (specific only for GlcNAc) does not. It is possible that binding to sialic acid residues on the cell surface of L929 is essential for WGA to induce apoptosis. Apoptosis induction may be, at least in part, involved in the cytotoxicity of WGA.     

鸡原始生殖细胞迁移和聚集规律的研究

研究表明 :鸡的原始生殖细胞 ( PGCs)起源于孵化前胚盘的明区 ,而后逐渐迁移至胚体的头前侧部的生殖新月区 ,并于孵化约 2 2 h时 ,大量聚集于此 ( 3 1～ 3 8个 )。随着鸡胚内、外血管的发育 ,PGCs则进入血管中 ,并顺着血管于孵化约 3 6h ( 1 0期 )时首次迁移到胚体上。孵化至 4 4～ 52 h ( 1 1～ 1 3期 )时聚集 (约 1 0 5个 )于胚体的心脏、大血管及头部间充质中。最后 ,PGCs于孵化 62 h( 1 7期 )时大量迁移至胚体后端生殖嵴处 ,迁移过程一直可持续到孵育第 4天。孵化 5d时 ,迁移入生殖嵴的 PGCs与生殖嵴一起共同组成了未分化的性腺