贵州香猪睾丸发育中支持细胞和生精细胞数量变化观察

为了解香猪睾丸发育过程中生殖细胞和支持细胞数变化规律,用手术取出30,40,50,70,90和110日龄(每个年龄组n=3～4)香猪右侧睾丸,经中性多聚甲醛固定,石蜡包埋,组织切片采用免疫组化SP法,用单克隆抗体GATA-4检测睾丸支持细胞的特异生长转录因子-4,经DAB显色、苏木素复染。光镜下核呈棕色者为支持细胞,核呈蓝色者则为生殖细胞;经显微照相并用Scion image软件测量生精小管及管壁面积。结果:30～110日龄睾丸支持细胞数维持在稳定水平(P>0.05),而生殖细胞数随日龄增加而增多,70日龄生殖细胞数快速增多(P<0.05),持续到110日龄。同样,从70日龄开始睾丸生精小管和管壁面积显著性增大(P<0.05)。香猪睾丸支持细胞快速增殖发生在30日龄前,而生殖细胞数随着日龄的增长而增多。     

基于自适应双阈值的彩色线阵CCD小麦黑胚分割

在粮食质量等级评定中,黑胚粒存在的多少影响小麦的整体等级划分。该文以产自新疆和河南不同品种的710粒有黑胚的小麦、627粒破损小麦和1 167粒正常小麦为研究对象,采用彩色线阵CCD动态获取小麦图像,对原始图像进行多余背景去除、色偏校正、亮度变换以及形态学处理后,再对小麦图像单通道图像进行自适应双阈值分割,能有效的实现对小麦黑胚特征的分割。试验选择三种小麦进行特征提取以及模式识别,得到最佳分辨率分别为95.1%,96.0%和98.3%。结果表明该方法对小麦黑胚的识别具有良好的效果。     

玉米胚芽粕对鹅营养价值的评定

为了探索玉米胚芽粕对鹅的营养价值和不同方法、不同鹅品种对其真代谢能、常规养分利用率的差异,分别选取150日龄健康五龙鹅和青农灰鹅公鹅各24只,各设4个处理组,每个处理组6只,试验鹅单笼饲养,每天强饲120 g,采用全收粪法进行测定.结果表明,五龙鹅、青农灰鹅种内4个处理组之间真代谢能(THE)、粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE),A基酸(AA),中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗纤维(CF),it,(Ca),磷 (P)利用率差异均不显著(P>0.05).两品种之间,第2,4处理组青农灰鹅THE、CP真利用率显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)高于五龙鹅;第3,4处理组青农灰鹅EE利用率显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)高于五龙鹅.第1,3或4处理组五龙鹅NDF,CF利用率显著(P<0.05)高于青农灰鹅相应各处理组.由此可知,鹅对玉米胚芽粕的养分有较高的利用率;同品种不同处理下鹅对玉米胚芽粕的THE,常规养分利用率差异均不显著;不同品种鹅对玉米胚芽粕的养分利用率存在一定差异.     

CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in介导的输卵管特异性表达转基因鸡研究进展

利用动物生物反应器生产重组蛋白是一种具有应用前景的生物技术。鸡输卵管生物反应器是理想的动物生物反应器之一,其优点在于表达的外源蛋白能够分泌到蛋清中,可避免蛋白提取过程中对鸡本身造成伤害,同时蛋清成分简单,便于后期的纯化。目前利用慢病毒结合原始生殖细胞(PGCs)制备转基因鸡被认为是最可行的方法,但因外源基因随机整合且生殖系传递效率较低,使转基因鸡研究受到技术上的限制。而2013年问世的CRISPR/Cas9基因敲入(CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in)技术能够使外源基因精准定向插入基因组特异性位点,这对生产输卵管特异性转基因鸡具有重大意义。文章综述了鸡输卵管反应器的研究进展、CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in技术在输卵管特异性表达转基因鸡研究和鸡育种领域的应用现状,并指出了目前存在的问题和相应的解决办法。     

Differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell into germ-like cell under effect of co-culture with testicular cell tissue

Supplements produced by mouse testicular cells (mTCs) and the interaction between cells can increase the differentiation rate of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) into the germ-like cells. We studied the differentiation rate of hUCMSCs into the germ-like cells under effect of mTCs co-culturing. Isolated hUCMSCs from postpartum human umbilical cords were cultured. Then, the expression of mesenchymal (CD73, CD90 and CD105) and haematopoietic (CD34 and CD45) markers of hUCMSCs were confirmed by flow cytometry. Then, the hUCMSCs were cultured in four distinct groups: (a) control, (b) co-culture until D0, (c) co-culture until D5 and (d) co-culture until D10, in order to differentiate into the germ-like cells. After 10 days, the expression of OCT4, VASA, Fragilis and SYCP3 genes were examined by Real-Time qPCR. The flow cytometry indicated a high expression of mesenchymal markers and a low expression of haematopoietic markers (CD73:98.6%, CD90: 99.1%, CD105: 99.5%, CD34: 4.22% and CD45: 2.54%). The expression of OCT4 decreased during the time while the expression of VASA, Fragilis and SYCP3 markers increased in the co-culture with testicular cells (p value <.05). Co-culture with mTCs may be used as an effective method to differentiate hUCMSCs into germ-like cells.     

兔原始生殖细胞体外培养的研究

旨在探索兔原始生殖细胞（primordial germ cells,PGCs）体外分离培养的最佳条件,从而建立成熟稳定的兔PGCs体外分离培养方法。本研究首先通过两种不同的体外分离法（胰酶消化法、机械法）和3种不同的传代法（胰酶消化法、机械法、连同饲养层消化法）探索第14~18天胎兔的PGCs体外分离传代的最佳方式,另将培养液分为A、B、C、D 4组,以D组为对照组,探究不同细胞因子浓度对兔PGCs形态变化及集落形成的影响。其次,利用碱性磷酸酶染色（alkaline phosphatase staining,AKP）法对兔PGCs进行鉴定染色;实时荧光定量（real-time polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR）检测转录因子Oct-4的表达。结果表明,机械法分离得到的兔PGCs集落数量是酶消化法分离的2.2倍,而兔PGCs经不同的消化法传代发现,酶消化法、连同饲养层消化法、机械法在兔胚胎成纤维细胞（rabbit embryo fibroblast,REF）饲养层上分别成功传至P2、P2、P4代。B组PGCs培养液（基础液+10%胎牛血清（fetal bovine serum,FBS）+2 ng·mL^-1转化生长因子-β1（transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1）+4 ng·mL^-1碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（basic fibroblast growth factor, bFGF）+10 ng·mL^-1白血病抑制因子（leukemia inhibitory factor,LIF））所获得的集落数量最多,具有较好的集落形态,保持未分化的时间较长。AKP染色结果显示,PGCs集落呈红黑色; RT-PCR结果显示,体外分离培养的兔PGCs表达转录因子Oct-4。结果显示,兔原代PGCs最适采用机械分离法和机械传代法进行体外分离传代,适宜浓度的细胞因子添加至兔PGCs培养液中有利于兔PGCs在体外保持较多的集落数量和较长时间的未分化状态。本研究通过筛选和优化兔PGCs体外培养方法,为进一步建立稳定成熟兔PGCs细胞系奠定技术基础。     

国外关于Sinapis arvensis L．的一些研究

本文综合叙述了国外对ＳｉｎａｐｉｓａｒｖｅｎｓｉｓＬ．的研究结果，包括名称和类别、经济重要性、历史和地理分布、形态特征、生长发育、繁殖、细胞遗传学、ＳｉｎａｐｉｓａｒｖｅｎｓｉｓＬ．与Ｂｒａｓｓｉｃａ几个种的杂交、对某些寄生物及对除草剂和其他化学物质的反应等。     

白粉病菌初生芽管对小麦诱导抗性的细胞学研究

利用多种细胞学方法对不同抗病性小麦白粉菌初生芽管的侵染行为及寄主细胞的诱导抗性进行了研究。结果表明，病菌初生芽管可诱导单个寄主细胞，产生比大麦和燕麦更为强烈的抗性，足以抵制后来附着胞的入侵，且这种诱导抗性还可向相邻细胞传递；在超微结构上，诱导抗性表现为寄主乳突反应能力增强，寄主细胞能够在附着胞入侵位点下，产生比高乳突抗性品种结构更为精致和坚硬的半圆形乳突，令附着胞入侵栓无法穿入。此外，本文还对诱导抗性的利用问题进行了讨论。     

Plasma lipid lowering effects of wheat germ in hypercholesterolemic subjects

The present study was performed to investigate the possible effects of wheat germ supplementation on lipid metabolism in humans. Ten free-living adult subjects participated in the study. None was obese or diabetic. They all presented an, hypercholesterolemia (from 6.58 to 9.50 mM), associated in 6 over 10 cases to an hypertriglyceridemia (from 1.70 to 5.00 mM). The subjects were studied in three consecutive periods, during which they first were on their usual diet (first week), they then ingested a daily supplement of 30 g wheat germ (4 weeks) and then they returned to their usual basal diet (4 weeks follow-up). Dietary records were obtained for 7 and 3 consecutive days before and during wheat germ supplementation, respectively. Fasting blood samples were taken at the end of each period. After 4 weeks of wheat, germ intake, glycemia did not change while total plasma cholesterol significantly decreased (paired Student'st test,p0.05) from 7.80 to 7.15 mM. LDL and HDL cholesterol values did not show marked changes, but VLDL cholesterol significantly dropped by 40.6%. Thus, the plasma/HDL total cholesterol ratio was significantly lower. Apoprotein B and A1 decreased. In the hypertriglyceridemic subjects, this was accompanied by a significant reduction of plasma triglycerides (1.64 vs. 2.68 mM) and a marked drop of VLDL triglycerides (–51%). Taken as a whole, the present results obtained in humans are very close to those previously obtained in the rat [40] and point out that wheat germ may play a beneficial role in the dietary management of hyperlipidemia.Part of the data communicated in this paper was presented at the Fibre 90 Conference, 17–20 April 1990, Norwich, UK.     

Isolation and properties of lipolysis inhibitory proteins from wheat germ and wheat bran

Proteins inhibiting pancreatic lipasein vitro have been isolated from wheat germ and wheat bran, with relative molecular mass ranging from 24,400 to 27,500. Inhibition of pancreatic lipase by the wheat germ proteins is related to their ability to interact with the emulsified substrate and to hinder the adsorption of the enzyme on the interface. The extent of inhibition depends on the amount of substrate and is independent of the enzyme concentration. Bile salts forming micelles in the concentration range used are able to partially reverse the inhibition of pancreatic lipase by the wheat germ proteins. The nutritional significance of the data obtained is discussed.