种子纯度检验技术及在农业中的应用

种子检验技术和方法较多,既有传统的形态学方法,也有借助生物化学及分子生物学技术的鉴定方法,每种方法各有其优缺点。传统方法简便易于操作,广泛用于各种农作物种子检验中,但准确性差。而分子生物学技术准确性高,重复性好,无器官发育时期的特异性,不受环境影响,是未来种子检验技术的发展趋势。     

素质教育下的作物栽培学考试改革思考

考试是教学工作的重要环节，是考核学生对知识的掌握程度和评价教师教学效果的重要手段。但原有考试模式存在很多弊端，尤其对于作物栽培学这种专业课程来说，传统的考试模式对督促学生的学习和检测教师的教学效果极为不利。在当今素质教育蓬勃发展的时期，作物栽培学课程考试也应该不断的进行改革，调动教学双方的积极性和主动性，使学生能够掌握基本知识，能够理论联系实际，达到培养高级知识型人才的目的。     

山东省兔场环境评定

对山东省不同地区、不同兔舍建筑形式和不同规模的养兔场进行了环境检测，并对检测结果进行分析。结果表明，兔舍的环境状况不仅受地区、养殖规模和建筑形式的影响，而且与管理水平密切相关。     

茶皂素对7种植物病原真菌的生物活性初测

本研究用含毒介质培养法测定了茶皂素对稻纹枯病菌Ｒｈｉｚｏｃｔｏｎｉａｓｏｌａｎｉ、白绢菌Ｓｃｌｅｒｏｔｉｕｍｒｏｌｆｓｉ、芒果炭疽病菌Ｃｏｌｅｔｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍｇｌｏｅｏｓｐｏｒｉｏｉｄｅｓ、柱帚霉菌Ｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｏｃｌａｄｉｕｍｓｐ．、拟盘多毛孢菌Ｐｅｓｔａｌｏｔｉｏｐｓｉｓｓｐ．、瓜枯萎病菌Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｓｏｌａｎｉ、尖孢镰刀菌Ｆ．ｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍ等７种植物病原菌的生物活性。结果表明,茶皂素在１００ｍｇ／Ｌ和２００ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度下对瓜枯萎病菌具有很强的抑制作用,３ｄ抑制率分别达到８９．７１％和９５．８８％。对白绢菌和稻纹枯病菌也有一定抑制作用。     

Incidence of osteochondrosis (dissecans) in Dutch warmblood horses presented for pre-purchase examination

Data are lacking in the literature regarding the incidence of osteochondrosis (dissecans) [OC(D)] in relation to lameness evaluation in Dutch Warmblood horses. The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the incidence of radiological abnormalities consistent with osteochondrosis or osteochondrosis dissecans in 1,231 sound Dutch Warmblood (DW) horses presented for pre-purchase examination. Standardised (Dutch) pre-purchase examination protocols were evaluated. The pre-purchase examination included a clinical, lameness and radiological evaluation, performed at a private equine clinic in the Netherlands. Radiographical examination included views of the distal (DIP) and proximal (PIP) interphalangeal, metacarpo- and metatarsophalangeal (MCP/MTP), tarsocrural (TC) and femoropatellar (FP) joints. Radiographical evidence of OC(D) was found in 44.3% of clinically sound DW horses. In this study, 443 horses (36%, n = 1,231) had evidence of OCD and 102 horses (8.3%, n = 1,231) had evidence of OC on pre-purchase radiographs. The results also indicated that the TC joints were significantly more likely to be affected. A considerable number of horses did not demonstrate any lameness, although radiographs revealed OC(D).     

通用试卷设计系统研究

本文论述了应用 AuTo CAD 绘图软件和汉字数据库 C—dBASEⅢ,在长城0520CH 机上研制成功的通用试卷设计系统。该系统应用随机函数选用试题,用积木块方式组卷,试卷设计科学、规范,卷面文字清晰,图形标准美观,适用于专业符号多或图形多的学科。该系统有较强的扩充和修改功能,全部汉字显示,操作简便,可提高功效15～20倍。对考试结果可进行统计计算,定量分析试题、试卷的难度,信度,效度等项指标。     

共表达NDV F和IBDV VP0基因重组鸡痘病毒遗传稳定性研究

将共表达NDV F和IBDV VP0基因重组鸡痘病毒(重组鸡痘病毒vFV282)接种10日龄~11日龄SPF鸡胚,连续传10代,分别对第5、8、10代传代毒进行病毒毒价测定和PCR鉴定;重组鸡痘病毒vFV282接种鸡胚成纤维细胞,分别对第1、5、10、15、20、25、30代传代毒进行病毒毒价测定和PCR鉴定;重组鸡痘病毒vFV282翅翼刺种于鸡体上,连续传8代,对第3、5、8代传代毒进行病毒毒价测定和PCR鉴定。结果表明,重组鸡痘病毒vFV282在SPF鸡胚上传10代、在SPF鸡胚成纤维细胞传30代、在鸡体传8代后,其毒力未返强,F基因和VP0基因未发生缺失和变异。     

Investigation of Ossification Pattern of Structures of Equine Metacarpophalangeal Articulation with the Aid of Digital Imaging Segmentation and Processing Techniques: A Preliminary Report

Radiographs, taken at lateromedial (LM) view, were obtained from metacarpophalangeal articulations of 25 horses of variable ages, ranging from 2 to 20 years, as well as a few of undetermined ages. Images of radiographs were acquired as digitized images with the aid of high-resolution (megapixel) digital cameras directly from lighted platforms, and the acquired 24-bits bitmap formatted images were converted to 8-bit grayscale tagged-image format (TIF) images. The TIF images were processed by a technique involving an on-screen quantitative evaluation of spot pixel intensity values in the digitized images, followed by monadic arithmetic pixel subtraction and addition. A color mapping of the pixels into their respective red and blue sub-spectra of the RGB spectrum also was performed. The entire processing operation was accomplished through the use of a standard digital imaging software. The results demonstrate typical bands of possible ossification pattern within the diaphyses, metaphyses, and the epiphyses of the articulating metacarpal and proximal phalanx in the processed radiographic images compared with their nonprocessed counterparts. The relevance of this novel observation, although preliminary, lies in the prospects of assessing pre-race skeletal health status of horses through a cost-effective, simple, and reliable method.     

X线监测奶牛骨营养代谢病防治效果的研究

本文采用骨指数法监测骨营养代谢病的防治效果。以D=(A+B)/C×100为计算公式,试验前、中、后期分别测定骨指数,然后计算其骨指数差。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组为采用不同方法防治组,Ⅲ组为对照组。试验前各组的骨指数无明显差异,试验后Ⅰ组骨指数差均呈正值,平均增加+1.36,骨发育良好;Ⅱ组其骨指数差很小,个别出现负值,平均增加+0.39,骨发育一般;对照组骨指数差几乎均呈负值,平均为-2.67,为骨营养不良X线征。试验表明,骨病理X线影像分析及骨指数总的分析,不仅能诊断骨营养不良,而且是监测骨营养不良防治效果的可靠手段。     

Evaluation of Abattoir Inspection for the Diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Cattle at Addis Ababa Abattoir

Detailed postmortem examinations were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of meat inspection procedures and to determine the distribution of lesions in Mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle. The study involved routine inspection at slaughter, collection of tissues for detailed examination in the laboratory, and bacteriological examination to identify M. bovis. Additionally, a 10-year (1992--2001) meat inspection record was analysed to determine tuberculosis trends in the past decade. chi2-Test and simple regression were used to analyse the data. Out of 1350 cattle examined, 1.5% were found with tuberculous lesions. Routine abattoir inspection detected only 55% of cattle with confirmed lesions. Fifty-four per cent of tuberculous lesions were found in the lungs and thoracic lymph nodes, 23% in the lymph nodes of the head, and the remaining 23% in the mesenteric and other lymph nodes of the carcase. M. bovis was additionally isolated from an animal that had no gross lesions of tuberculosis. On average, the annual rate of whole-carcase condemnation due to generalized tuberculosis was 0.024% and it has increased annually by 0.34% over the past decade. The rate of whole-carcase condemnation indicates a high degree of TB transmission and requires immediate attention from both the economic and public health points of view. The lower sensitivity of routine abattoir inspection confirms the importance of improving necropsy procedures.