萧山草三黄鸡屠宰性能和肉质分析

研究对70日龄萧山草三黄鸡进行了屠宰性能和肉质性状的测定,结果显示:公鸡活重、屠体重、半净膛率和全净膛率优于母鸡,差异显著(P<0.05)。腿肌的肉色OD值、剪切力和pH值均大于胸肌,系水力小于胸肌,差异均显著(P<0.05);水分含量、粗脂肪含量大于胸肌,粗蛋白含量、粗灰分含量小于胸肌,差异均显著(P<0.05)。研究表明母鸡的肉质优于公鸡,屠宰性能则不及公鸡。     

鸡多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离与鉴定

根据发病情况和病理变化,结合病原分离、动物试验、毒素试验、生化试验、药敏试验等,证实广西某鸡场鸡群急性死亡是由鸡多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的禽霍乱。     

太湖鸡资源群体遗传变异的检测

应用微卫星标记对江苏省无锡市祖代鸡场有限公司太湖鸡的保种群体进行了遗传变异的分析,计算了群体的杂和度(H)和多态信息含量(PIC)。研究结果表明:30个微卫星标记在太湖鸡保种群体的杂和度为0.504～0.858之间,平均杂和度为0.688,群体的遗传多样性丰富;其中24个微卫星标记在太湖鸡中多态信息含量为高度多态,可作为有效遗传标记用于太湖鸡保种群的遗传分析,而且各座位杂和度的高低与PIC值的大小体现了较高的一致性。本研究结果为太湖鸡开发利用研究提供了基础,也为太湖鸡的合理保护提供了科学根据。     

鸡胚胎原始生殖细胞的体外培养

旨在对影响鸡胚胎原始生殖细胞（PGCs）体外培养、传代过程的各种影响因素进行探讨。将分离到的19期鸡胚胎生殖腺的PGCs在以鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）为饲养层，添加细胞因子的培养体系中进行培养、传代。经冷冻保存的PGCs在添加细胞因子的培养体系中能增殖，并具有分化能力。从细胞形态、集落形态、增殖生长能力、核型检测、碱性磷酸酶测定等方面对培养过程中的鸡胚胎PGCs进行检测。结果表明，采用传至3代的CEF为饲养层，多次离散法进行传代所获得的5代鸡胚胎PGCs不但能有效维持PGCs的未分化状态和正常二倍体核型，也具有其作为多能性胚胎干细胞的一系列特征。     

鸡白细胞介素-6活性MTT检测方法的建立

采用白细胞介素-6依赖细胞株B9建立了鸡白细胞介素-6活性的MTT检测方法。每孔培养细胞数在2.5×103~4×104范围内D值与细胞数显示有良好的线性关系,MTT的最佳保留时间为4 h,最低检测限为0.1 U/mL。应用该方法检测了健康艾维茵肉鸡25例,血清chIL-6活性为(4.33±0.75)U/mL,而25例葡萄球菌病患鸡血清chIL-6的活性为(14.05±6.87)U/mL,与健康肉鸡比较差异极显著(P<0.01),为该方法进一步临床应用奠定了基础。     

茶花鸡种群遗传结构分析及其保种措施的探讨

利用14个微卫星标记对云南茶花鸡12个家系的等位基因频率、平均基因杂合度、平均多态信息含量以及家系间的亲缘关系进行了分析。结果表明:共检测到99个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因分布并不均匀,再对12个家系进行分析,将其聚为3类,一类为Z-1,Z-2,Z-3,Z-4,Z-5,Z-6,B-1,一类为Z-7,Z-8,Z-9,Z-10,矮脚系B-2自成一类,这表明了家系间的遗传相似性,同时我们对特殊的矮脚系B-2进行了相关的探讨,最后我们提出了对茶花鸡保种的相关建议。     

中药"增免散"对肉鸡免疫器官及生长发育的影响

1日龄艾维茵肉鸡健雏200只随机分4组，“增免散”按饲料量0．5％、1％、1．5％分别添加到Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组，对照组为Ⅳ组。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组从第7天开始投药，各组于第7、21天用LaSota活苗免疫，然后于第7、14、28、49天测定血液中HI抗体水平，并检测“增免散”对免疫器官和生长发育的影响。结果表明，中药“增免散”按1％、1．5％添加能显著提高Lasota活苗接种雏鸡的HI抗体水平，延长其持续时间，能促进雏鸡免疫器官的生长发育，并能促进肉鸡的生长发育，提高饲料转化率。     

Effect of High Concentrations of Cholecalciferol on Growth,Bone Mineralization,and Mineral Retention in Broiler Chicks Fed Suboptimal Concentrations of Calcium and Nonphytate Phosphorus

An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of supplementing high concentrations (200 vs. 1,200, 2,400, and 3,600 ICU/kg) of cholecalciferol (CC) on performance, bone mineralization, and mineral retention in broiler chickens (2 to 42 d of age) fed a basal diet containing suboptimal concentrations of Ca and nonphytate P (NPP; 0.5 and 0.25%, respectively). A reference diet (RD) containing recommended levels of Ca, NPP, and CC was considered as control. Each diet was fed ad libitum to 21 replicates containing 5 birds in each. Body weight gain, feed efficiency, tibia ash, and serum Ca and inorganic P decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in broilers fed suboptimal concentrations of Ca and NPP compared with those fed the RD. The BW gain (2,400 ICU/kg) and feed efficiency, leg abnormality score, and bone mineralization characteristics (3,600 ICU/kg) in broilers fed suboptimal concentrations of Ca and NPP with high concentrations of CC were similar to those fed the RD. The concentrations of Zn, Mn, Fe, and Cu in liver increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increase in concentrations of CC in the basal diet. Based on the results, it is concluded that performance and bone mineralization in broilers could be maintained with suboptimal concentrations of Ca and NPP (0.5 and 0.25%, respectively) and higher concentrations of CC (3,600 ICU/kg) in the diet.     

Gene constitution of South-East Asian native chickens, commercial chickens and jungle fowl using polymorphisms of four calpain genes

The gene constitution of polymorphisms of the four calpain genes (µ‐calpain, m‐calpain, p94, and µ/m‐calpain) were analyzed in South‐East Asian native chickens, White Leghorn and Broiler commercial chickens, and Red and Green jungle fowl. Polymorphisms were detected at all loci in chickens and Red jungle fowl, but only for CAPN1 (µ‐calpain gene) in Green jungle fowl. CAPN2 and CAPN1.5 are linked on chicken chromosome 3, and the genotype for these loci were treated as haplotype. Some combinations of calpain loci were tested using principal component analysis, and the best combination (CAPN1, CAPN3, and CAPN1.5) was determined. The proportion of polymorphic loci (P_poly) and heterozygosity (H?) were 1.00 and 0.316–0.465 in domestic chickens and red jungle fowl, and 0.33 and 0.137 in Green jungle fowl, respectively. G_ST values suggested that the degree of subdivision among native chickens was relatively low except for Thailand, which was highest. Pair‐wise F_ST testing, dendrogram and principal component analysis from the results of calpain loci showed that the four South‐East Asian native and commercial chicken populations were close genetically.     

不同肉鸡用植物性饲料总磷真利用率的测定

本试验利用无磷原料配制无磷饲粮,选择低磷原料配制基础饲粮,用一定比例待测植物性饲料替代基础饲粮配制待测饲粮,通过平衡试验法测定了35日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡对玉米、豆粕、麦麸3种饲料原料的总磷真利用率。结果表明:在控制饲粮含磷量低于肉仔鸡的磷需要量,研究饲料磷的最大利用率时,肉仔鸡的内源磷排出量为(44.84±3.14)mg/d。玉米、豆粕和麦麸的总磷真利用率分别为(16.42±3.36)%、(28.34±4.90)%和(46.48±4.29)%。利用总磷含量的1/3和非植酸磷含量估计肉鸡饲料有效磷并不准确。因麦麸本身含有高活性的植酸酶,肉仔鸡可部分利用其植酸磷。