Effects of Fe compounds on nutrient uptake by plants grown in sand media with different pH

The effect of soil and foliar application of different iron (Fe) compounds (FeSO₄, Fe‐EDTA, Fe‐EDDS, and Fe‐EDDHA) on nutrient concentrations in lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. Australian gelber) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Prego) was investigated in a greenhouse pot experiment using quartz sand as growth medium. Soil application was performed in both the acidic and alkaline pH range, and foliar application to plants grown in the alkaline sand only. Lettuce growth was depressed by Fe deficiency in the alkaline sand, whereas the treatments had no effect on ryegrass growth. Soil‐applied Fe compounds raised the Fe concentrations in lettuce. This was especially true for the Fe chelates, which also increased yields. Soil‐applied Fe compounds had no statistically significant effect on Fe concentrations in ryegrass. Concentrations of manganese (Mn) in lettuce were equally decreased by all soil‐applied chelates. In the alkaline sand, soil application of Fe‐EDDHA elevated copper (Cu) and depressed zinc (Zn) concentrations in lettuce. The chelates increased Zn concentration in ryegrass. Foliar application of Fe‐EDDS increased Fe concentrations in lettuce and in ryegrass most. Fe‐EDDHA depressed Mn and Zn concentrations in lettuce more than other Fe compounds, suggesting the existence of another mechanism, in addition to Fe, that transmits a corresponding signal from shoot to roots with an impact on uptake of micronutrients.     

葡萄糖-丙酮-BrO3--Mn2+-H2SO4体系的化学振荡反应研究及在其分析中的应用

本文通过研究甲醛及常见离子参与下的振荡反应非线性动力学行为,并对其可能的机理进行了探讨,找出了待测物质浓度与某些动力学参数(如诱导期、周期、寿命等)之间的线性关系,为未知浓度的甲醛及常见离子的定量检测获得基本实验数据。从而为甲醛及离子的定量检测提供一种新的方法和理论依据。     

壳聚糖在农业上的应用研究进展

壳聚糖(Chitosan)是地球上第二大可再生自然资源,属于无毒、无污染的动物源激素物质,可以用作生防农药,对抗病诱导、杀菌杀虫、抵御逆境、种子包衣、果蔬保鲜、农药增效、土壤改良、地膜降解、促进生长、提高产量、改善品质等具有重要的作用,已经在小麦、玉米、水稻、大豆、马铃薯、黄瓜、番茄、芹菜、青椒、白菜、香蕉、芒果、苹果、梨、草莓等多种作物上得到了验证,显示出了广阔的应用前景。     

多壁碳纳米管侧壁的功能化与表征

利用丁二酸酰基过氧化物分解产生的羧酸自由基与多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)进行自由基加成反应,对其侧壁实现羧酸化,并依次对其进行酰氯化、胺化处理,获得侧壁酰胺化的MWCNTs.采用FT-IR,Raman以及UV-Vis光谱对其进行了表征.结果表明:碳管表面接枝上了羧酸基团,且数量较纯化后的碳管有较大幅度的增加,表征其结构缺陷的I(D 2D)/IG比值增加了0.2,同时酰胺化的MWCNTs紫外可见光谱在320 nm处出现了—CONH—键的π→π*跃迁的吸收峰.     

我国甘蔗主要杂交亲本黄叶病病原鉴定及田间发病率

甘蔗黄叶病是一种发生普遍、危害严重的病毒病害,选育抗病品种是控制该病发生与蔓延的有效措施.利用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)、组织印迹杂交免疫测定(TBIA)和抗原直接包被酶联免疫吸附(DAC-ELISA)方法对我国43份甘蔗主要杂交亲本黄叶病病原(Sugarcane yellow leaf virus,SCYLV)进行鉴定,并调查SCYLV田间自然侵染条件下甘蔗黄叶病发病率.已明确36份亲本材料感染或未感染SCYLV,其中32份鉴定结果为阳性,品种(系)感病率达88.9％.甘蔗植株田间自然发病率可分为无发病、发病率低、中等和高4个等级,方差分析表明,各等级间的植株发病率差异达极显著水平(P＜0.01).从美国引进的多数CP和HoCP系列亲本发病率较高,而多数崖城和新台糖系列亲本材料的发病率较低,可作为甘蔗抗黄叶病杂交亲本.     

QUANTIFYING THE RESIDUAL VALUE OF ZINC FOR CANOLA PRODUCTION DUE TO REMOVAL OF ZINC IN SHOOTS AND GRAIN AND CONTINUED REACTION OF ZINC WITH SOIL

About half of the almost 18 million ha used for agriculture in southwestern Australia were initially acutely zinc (Zn) deficient. Canola (oilseed rape, Brassica napus L.) is a recent crop species grown in the region and there is only limited information on its Zn requirements. In the glasshouse pot study reported here five levels of Zn (0, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 mg Zn pot^?1) were applied before sowing the first canola crop on an acid sandy loam, and shoot and grain yield responses to applied Zn, and removal of Zn in the shoots and grain, were measured for five successive crops grown to maturity. Before sowing each crop, canola seed was treated with fluquinconazole to successfully control blackleg disease [Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et de Not.]. Soil samples were collected from each pot before sowing each crop, and after harvesting the last crop, to measure the Zn extracted from soil by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) (soil test Zn). Removal of Zn in shoots and grain, and continued reaction of applied Zn by soil, both decreased the effectiveness of applied Zn for successive crops. For all five crops about 71% of the low levels of Zn applied (0.8, 1.6 mg Zn pot^?1) were removed in shoots and grain of the five crops, compared with about 46% for the larger levels of Zn applied (3.2 and 6.4 mg Zn pot^?1). Corresponding values for Zn removed in the grain was about 56 and 30%. Soil test Zn decreased with time since Zn application. The decrease could not all be explained by Zn removed in shoots and grain and was attributed to continued reaction of Zn with soil. For the soil type used, the relationship between either grain yield or total yield (shoots plus grain at maturity), and soil test Zn, was similar for each crop. Therefore, the soil test Zn that was related to 90% of the maximum grain or total yield (critical soil test Zn) was about 0.35 mg Zn kg^?1 soil for each crop.     

甘蔗Cu/Zn-SOD的克隆和表达分析

【目的】克隆甘蔗铜/锌超氧化物歧化酶（Cu/Zn-SOD）基因,并分析其序列特征、组织特异性表达及在不同逆境胁迫下的表达模式。【方法】以甘蔗桂糖28号为材料,利用RT-PCR技术克隆获得Cu/Zn-SOD,采用生物信息学方法分析所推测的氨基酸序列,通过实时荧光定量PCR研究Cu/Zn-SOD在不同组织及逆境条件下的表达情况。【结果】克隆获得甘蔗Cu/Zn-SOD,NCBI登录号为JQ958328,其开放阅读框为456 bp,编码151个氨基酸,与禾本科植物聚于同一进化分支。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明Cu/Zn-SOD在根、茎、叶中均有表达,为组成型表达,在叶中表达量最高;Cu/Zn-SOD在聚乙二醇（PEG）、NaCl、低温（4℃）和H2O2四种非生物胁迫下均诱导表达,表达模式因调控机制的不同而异。【结论】克隆获得Cu/Zn-SOD,其主要在甘蔗绿色组织中表达,其在铜/锌SOD超氧化物歧化酶的功能区域保守型很高,可能与甘蔗抵御渗透胁迫相关。     

一种基于模板DNA的PCR扩增难易预测方法

借助赋予四种碱基A,G,C,T四个三维空间中的点(0,0,1),(0,1,0),(-1,-1,0),(1,0,0),将一条DNA序列转化为一个二十四维向量。在此基础上利用Fisher线性判别法对人类基因组中189条基因片段进行PCR扩增难易预测,识别率达到了90%。