弓形虫DOC2基因C-端的克隆及序列分析

为研究弓形虫DOC2基因作为弓形虫疫苗候选抗原分子的可行性,本试验用RT-PCR技术扩增DOC2基因编码区的C-端并测序。将该基因片段用生物信息学软件翻译为氨基酸序列后,预测弓形虫DOC2蛋白C-端的生物学特性、高级结构和B细胞抗原表位。结果表明,DOC2基因C-端片段长度为1887 bp。将其翻译成氨基酸序列后预测含有11个亲水区域和7个跨膜区。二级结构中含有19个α-螺旋、1个β-转角和17个无规则卷曲。结合柔性区域等分析,DOC2蛋白C-端共含有12个线性B细胞抗原表位。结果表明DOC2蛋白C-端可作为弓形虫疫苗候选分子,为研制新型弓形虫DNA疫苗或表位肽疫苗提供理论基础。     

磺胺氯吡嗪处理弓形虫速殖子抑制消减文库的构建和初步分析

为了研究和探索磺胺氯吡嗪抗弓形虫的作用机理,构建磺胺氯吡嗪处理弓形虫的抑制性消减文库.将刚地弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)RH株速殖子腹腔注射(10000个/只鼠)感染昆明系小鼠,大量收集并纯化速殖子.用250 mg/mL磺胺氯吡嗪PBS溶液和PBS分别浸泡速殖子,37℃恒温箱孵育2h,分别提取虫体的总RNA和mRNA,以PBS处理的正常虫体cDNA为驱动组,以药物处理虫体cDNA为实验组,构建药物处理前后弓形虫速殖子的抑制性消减文库,对部分阳性克隆进行测序和序列分析.结果显示,提取的虫体总RNA纯度高,合成的双链cDNA经RsaⅠ酶切反应较完全;从消减文库中随机选择100个阳性克隆进行PCR扩增,其插入片段长度在200～750 bp之间,文库的重组率达93％以上;随机挑取30个阳性克隆进行测序,获得11个单一序列,Blast分析显示有7个单一有效EST序列与已知蛋白质相似性较高.结果表明,已成功构建磺胺氯吡嗪处理弓形虫速殖子的抑制性消减cDNA文库,并对部分阳性克隆进行了初步分析,为深入研究磺胺氯吡嗪的抗弓形虫机制和寻找药物作用的关键靶分子奠定了基础.     

Investigation of Zoonotic Infections Among Auckland Zoo Staff: 1991–2010

Investigation was undertaken to assess the occurrence of zoonotic infection among staff at Auckland Zoological Park, New Zealand, in 1991, 2002 and 2010. Serial cross‐sectional health surveys in 1991, 2002 and 2010 comprising a health questionnaire, and serological, immunological and microbiological analysis for a range of potential zoonotic infections were performed. Laboratory results for zoo animals were also reviewed for 2004–2010 to assess the occurrence of potential zoonotic infections. Veterinary clinic, animal handler, grounds, maintenance and administrative staff participated in the surveys, with 49, 42 and 46 participants in the 1991, 2002 and 2010 surveys, respectively (29% of total zoo staff in 2010). A small number of staff reported work‐related infections, including erysipelas (1), giardiasis (1) and campylobacteriosis (1). The seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A virus and Toxoplasma gondii closely reflected those in the Auckland community. No carriage of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was detected, and most of those with anti‐HBV antibodies had been vaccinated. Few staff had serological evidence of past leptospiral infection. Three veterinary clinic staff had raised Chlamydophila psittaci antibodies, all <1 : 160 indicating past exposure. Two staff (in 1991) had asymptomatic carriage of Giardia lamblia and one person (in 2010) had a dermatophyte infection. After 1991, positive tests indicating exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis were <10%, comparable to the general New Zealand population. Zoo animals had infections with potential zoonotic agents, including G. lamblia, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. and T. gondii, although the occurrence was low. Zoonotic agents pose an occupational risk to zoo workers. While there was evidence of some zoonotic transmission at Auckland Zoo, this was uncommon and risks appear to be adequately managed under current policies and procedures. Nevertheless, ongoing assessment of risk factors is needed as environmental, human and animal disease and management factors change. Policies and procedures should be reviewed periodically in conjunction with disease monitoring results for both animals and staff to minimise zoonotic transmission.     

刚地弓形虫GJS株微线体蛋白基因MIC3的克隆与原核表达

根据Genbank中编码MIC3的已知基因序列设计并合成一对引物,应用PCR技术对刚地弓形虫GJS株微线体蛋白基因MIC3进行克隆、表达及鉴定.结果表明:克隆的MIC3基因的开放阅读框与Genbank收录的MIC3基因在核菌酸和氨基酸水平上高度一致,说明弓形虫MIC3蛋白的高度保守性;构建的原核细胞表达质粒PET-MIC3表达产物分子量为46 ku,且经Western-blot显示可被猪抗弓形虫免疫血清识别.     

猪弓形虫病PCR诊断方法的建立

以具有35个拷贝的重复序列B1基因作为弓形虫种特异的遗传标记,建立诊断弓形虫病特异性的PCR方法.敏感性和特异性试验结果表明:该PCR方法最低能检测到10个弓形虫速殖子DNA,且与寄生于猪体内的6种常见微生物无交叉反应,说明该PCR方法具有高度的敏感性和特异性.动物感染试验检测结果表明,在试验动物出现明显临床症状时,对取材的7个组织样品用该PCR方法检测,有6个组织样品为阳性,其中扩增结果最清晰的的组织为肺和肝组织.     

Antibody Prevalence and Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Women from Multan,Pakistan

Toxoplasma gondii infections are prevalent in humans and warm‐blooded animals. Maternal infections during pregnancy may have devastating consequences for transplacentally infected neonates. This study was conducted to examine the seroprevalence of antibodies to T. gondii in pregnant women of childbearing age and determine risk factors associated with pregnancy history, pet ownership, social and cultural factors at Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Samples were collected from 403 women and examined using a commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall prevalence of antibodies to T. gondii was 17.6% (71) in the 403 samples collected from women. Antibodies to T. gondii were present in 19.4% (45) of 232 pregnant women and 15.2% (26) of the samples from 171 non‐pregnant women. This study identified miscarriage history, pet ownership, type of residence, marital status, source of drinking water and eating habits as significant (P < 0.05) risk factors associated with the presence of antibodies to T. gondii infection. Seroprevalence was not significantly different (P > 0.05) in women from different ethnic groups based upon lifestyle and culture.     

辽宁省猪弓形虫血清抗体检测与分析

弓形虫病是一种呈世界性流行的人兽共患寄生虫病,可在人和动物中相互传播,全球约有50%的人感染,不仅给畜牧业生产带来严重危害和重大经济损失,而且对食品安全构成巨大威胁。采用改良凝集试验(MAT)定性检测从辽宁省沈阳、辽阳、大连等14市采集的共计2 152份血清,结果共有368份阳性血清,总阳性率为17.1%(368/2 152),辽阳市和本溪市阳性率最高和最低,分别为26.3%和6.12%;其中繁殖母猪为33.9%,普遍高于育肥猪的13.4%;成年猪为20.9%,普遍高于仔猪的7.59%。结果表明,辽宁省14市猪均有不同程度的弓形虫感染,且各市感染率有差异。     

几种药物抗小鼠弓形虫感染的初步效果

为寻找有效的抗弓形虫药物,选择了临床上使用较多的6种药物进行抗小鼠弓形虫感染初步实验。用刚地弓形虫（Toxoplasma gondii）长宁株（CN株）速殖子,按1×104/鼠腹腔接种昆明系雄性小白鼠,接种后4 h用药组通过灌服或饮水用药,每鼠剂量分别为阿奇霉素（Azithromycin）150、120、90 mg/（kg·d）,泰妙菌素（Tiamulin）100 mg/（kg·d）,克拉霉素（Clarithromycin）15 mg/（kg·d）,磺胺氯吡嗪钠（Sulfachloropyrazine sodium）150、120、90 mg/（kg·d）,甲硝唑（Metronidazole）150 mg/（kg·d）,甲氧苄胺嘧啶（Trimethoprim）10 mg/（kg·d）,连续用药5~6 d,接种后10 d结束实验。结果阿奇霉素、磺胺氯吡嗪钠组的平均存活天数明显高于感染不用药组（P〈0.05）,泰妙菌素、克拉霉素、甲硝唑、甲氧苄胺嘧啶组在所用剂量下的存活天数与感染不用药组无明显差异（P〉0.05）;用药后4－7 d,取腹腔液镜检速殖子,与感染不用药组相比,阿奇霉素组减少70%以上,磺胺氯吡嗪钠组减少99%以上。研究结果提示,磺胺氯吡嗪钠具有良好的抗弓形虫效果,其推荐剂量与用药疗程还有待进一步研究。     

贵州省猪弓形虫病的血清学调查

为全面了解贵州省猪弓形虫感染情况,对采自9个市（州、地）264个养猪场（户）的2 906份血清用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测猪弓形虫抗体,总体阳性率为65.83%,变化范围为27.88%~85.42%。采集65份猪血清做ELISA和间接血凝试验（indirect heamagglutination assay,IHA）比较测定,两种方法总体符合率为58.46%。IHA方法补充检测177份猪血清,弓形虫抗体阳性率为27.68%。血清学调查结果与国内部分省（市）报道相符。     

两种弓形虫疫苗对猪的免疫效果观察

[目的]研究2种弓形虫疫苗对猪的免疫效果。[方法]利用韩国国立兽医科学检疫院提供的2种弓形虫疫苗对试验猪群进行2次免疫。采用间接免疫荧光技术（IFAT）对一免、二免后猪群的抗体效价进行检测,评定疫苗对动物的免疫效果。[结果]首免后第2周,第1组疫苗的抗体效价达到1∶（119±24.18）,第2组疫苗的抗体效价达到1∶（96±39.19）;二免后第2周,第1组抗体效价平均值达到1∶（635±153.94）,第2组抗体效价达到1∶（547±165.84）,2组疫苗免疫效果差异不显著。[结论]试验用的2种弓形虫疫苗均对猪群起到一定的免疫效果。