甘露青鱼肌肉营养分析和评价

取材太湖流域无锡甘露水产公司养殖的大青鱼,采用化学及仪器分析手段,对青鱼含肉率及肌肉营养成分进行了分析测定,含肉率为71 08%,肌肉中蛋白质含量为16 56%,脂肪含量为14 08%,其中70 73%为不饱和脂肪酸,18种氨基酸总量为14 91%,8种人体必需氨基酸的含量为6 07%,4种鲜味氨基酸的含量为5 62%,还含有多种微量元素,通过大量基础数据综合评价甘露青鱼的营养价值。     

Myristic Acid （MA） Promotes Adipogenic Gene Expression and the Differentiation of Porcine Intramuscular Adipocyte Precursor Cells

Intramuscular fat （IMF） content is considered to be a key factor that affects the marbling, tenderness, juiciness and lfavor of pork. To investigate the effects of myristic acid （MA） on the differentiation of porcine intramuscular adipocytes, cells were isolated from longissimus dorsi muscle （LDM） and treated with 0, 10, 50 or 100μmol L-1 MA. The results showed that MA signiifcantly promotes the differentiation of intramuscular adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. MA also led to a parallel increase in the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ（PPARγ） and adipose-related genes, such as glucose transporter 1 （GLUT1）, lipoprotein lipase （LPL）, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 （FABP4/aP2）, fatty acid translocase （FAT）, acetyl-CoA carboxylaseα（ACCα）, adipose triglyceride lipase （ATGL） and fatty acid synthase （FASN）. However, no signiifcant effects of MA were observed on the expression of CAAT enhancer binding protein-α（C/EBPα） or hormone sensitive lipase （HSL）. The expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 （PDK4） was increased by MA during the early stages of differentiation （day 1-3）. In addition, MA also increased the absolute content of C14 （P〈0.001） and saturated fatty acids （SFA） （P〈0.05） to varying degrees, but no effects were observed on other fatty acids. These results suggest that MA might be able to enhance the IMF content of pork and increase the accumulation of myristic and myristoleic acid in muscle, which might have beneifcial implications for human health.     

一株烟碱降解菌的选育及其应用研究

[目的]寻求有效降低烟草中烟碱含量的方法。[方法]从延安卷烟厂发酵装置的废水中分离纯化出1株高效降解烟碱的细菌,并利用该菌制成的粗酶液作用于某等级烟叶,考察其是否可以降低烟碱含量,改善烟叶品质。[结果]利用含有烟碱的选择培养基共分离纯化出71株能够分解利用烟碱的细菌,其中W9菌分解能力最强,降解试验表明,该菌在烟碱含量1.4%左右的烟碱水提液里经16 h摇床培养,烟碱可被完全降解。将该菌的粗酶液喷施在烟叶上,经数天室内发酵后,评吸结果表明,刺激性、劲头明显降低,抽吸品质得到明显改善。[结论]研究表明,该菌在降烟碱含量及改善烟叶品质方面具有一定的应用前景。     

反式脂肪的养生危害探讨

在广泛文献检索的基础上,对反式脂肪的成分、产生途径、危害、使用现状和使用注意事项等进行了综述,为全民养生保健提供参考资料。     

降脂减肥发酵植物饮料的研制

采用荷叶、山楂、菊花、决明子、莱菔子和沙棘具有降脂减肥作用的药食同源中药材为原料,组方经水提取后接种酿酒酵母,通过发酵改善风味,制作植物饮料.结果表明,水提取液添加白砂糖50 g/L,在三角瓶及30 L发酵罐中于21℃下经6d发酵,最终植物饮料总糖含量约26 g/L,可得到口感良好、风味独特的天然植物发酵饮料.     

油茶籽成熟过程中油脂及营养物质变化的研究

通过油茶籽主要理化性质和营养成分的分析,研究了油茶籽成熟过程中油脂转化及营养物质的变化规律。结果表明：在油茶籽成熟过程中,鲜籽含水率持续下降,鲜出籽率变化不大,鲜籽出仁率小幅上升,干出籽率和含油率不断上升。油茶籽油中的酸值和过氧化值总体呈下降趋势。在油茶籽成熟过程中,油酸相对含量整体呈上升趋势,亚油酸和亚麻酸相对含量都呈下降趋势,与油酸含量呈极显著负相关（p≤0.01）,相关系数r分别为-0.978和-0.957。油茶籽成熟过程中,油脂积累和可溶性总糖含量的变化呈负相关（r=-0.289）,与可溶性淀粉（r=0.836）和可溶性蛋白（r=0.703）含量变化均呈显著正相关。α-生育酚含量变化基本上是先增加,在9月28日达到最大值0.153 mg·g^-1后基本维持稳定,角鲨烯和β-谷甾醇含量随着油茶籽的成熟先增加后下降。     

Effects of Maternal Dietary Energy Restriction on Fat Deposition of Offspring

The study was carried out to investigate the effects of maternal dietary energy restriction on growth performance, serum indices and fat deposition of offspring. A total of 400 female Arbor Acres （AA） broiler breeders were studied. These female birds involved three experimental treatments and a control group with normal dietary energy diets （ND, 11.7 MJ of ME. kgt during the laying）. In treatments 2, 3 and 4, the energies of diets were 20%, 30% and 50% （LD20, LD30 and LD50） lower than those of the control, respectively. The study commenced at the beginning of the laying period when the total egg production reached 5% of the flock. All the broiler offspring were fed the same diets. The results showed that in low energy diets, offspring showed decreased 1-day-old weight, but 49-day-old weight was higher in LD20 diet （P〈0.05）. For offspring during days 1-49, the average daily gain （ADG） in LD20 group and the feed conversion ratio in LD50 group were improved as compared with those of the control （P〈0.05）. Compared with the control, abdominal fat percentage increased in 49-day-old offspring from LD30 diet （P〈0.05）; the fat content of breast muscle in offspring increased in broilers fed low energy diets （P〈0.05）. In 28-day-old offspring from breeders given LD20 and LD50 diets, liver fat percentages were higher compared with ND （P〈0.05）. The subcutaneous fat thickness in 28-day-old offspring from LD50 group and 49-day-old offspring from LD30 group was higher （P〈0.05）. On day 49, the serum cholesterol （CHO） of offspring from breeders fed LD20 diet and serum high-density lipoprotein （HDL） of offspring from breeders fed LD50 diet reduced compared with those of the control （P〈0.05）. In addition, a higher triiodothyronine （T3） content in serum was found in offspring from broiler breeders given LD20 and LD30 diets （P〈0.05）. Serum thyroxine （T4） in offspring significantly decreased with the decrease of diet energy （P〈0.05）. In conclusion, to a certain extent, dietary energy restriction in breeders could improve growth performance and promote lipid metabolism of offspring.     

施肥对春小麦籽粒中蛋白质及矿物质含量的影响

通过田间试验的方法,研究了施肥对春小麦籽粒中蛋白质和矿物质含量的影响.结果表明：基施磷酸二铵提高了籽粒中蛋白质、P和Zn的含量;喷施锌肥提高了籽粒中Cu和Zn的含量,降低了Ca和Mg的含量;喷施硒肥能显著提高籽粒中Se的含量;喷施锌硒混合肥提高了籽粒中Se的含量,降低了P、Mg的含量.     

猪THRSP基因5'调控区多位点SNP联合效率的研究

旨在分析猪THRSP基因5’调控区多位点SNP联合调控THRSP基因表达的效率。实验从猪基因组获取包含多位点SNP的目的片段,利用荧光素酶报告基因pGL3-Basic构建表达载体,检测多位点SNP 的联合启动效率,并通过实时荧光定量PCR进行THRSP基因表达验证分析。结果表明,在5个SNP位点中,TCAGA 的启动效率最高,比CTGGA的启动效率高129％,而CCAGA、CTAGA和CTGAT的启动效率较CTGGA分别低99.0%、73.2％和42.6％。TCAGA的启动效率较CCAGA高75.6％,而CCAGA比CTAGA的启动效率高96.6％;报告基因所揭示的SNP启动效率与THRSP基因实时荧光定量PCR结果一致。