Nutritional value and production of three species of purple non‐sulphur bacteria grown in palm oil mill effluent and their application in rotifer culture

Three species of purple non‐sulphur bacteria (PB), Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodovulum sulfidophilum, grown in palm oil mill effluent (POME) were successfully used for the first time as feed for rotifers (Brachionus rotundiformis). Rp. palustris cultured in both POME and synthetic medium gave the highest rotifer density (332–395 individuals mL⁻¹) from 3 to 5 days at 10 g L⁻¹ salinity. Other PB cultured in synthetic medium generally support higher rotifer density than PB cultured in POME. Rb. sphaeroides had the highest biomass (1.91–3.34 g L⁻¹) and growth rate (0.64–1.11 g day⁻¹) in both types of culture medium. Nevertheless, only Rv. sulfidophilum grown in POME contained both eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), indicating its ability to biosynthesize them from POME nutrients. Rotifers fed Rv. sulfidophilum grown in POME had significantly higher amounts of protein, arachidonic acid, EPA and DHA than rotifers fed Rv. sulfidophilum grown in synthetic medium. The nutritional profile of lipid‐deficient PB can be improved by growing them in POME, and these enriched PB produced at an estimated cost of USD 8.71–35.35 kg⁻¹ dry biomass, depending on species, can support rotifer production in a batch culture system.     

Rhodovulum sulfidophilum,a phototrophic bacterium,grown in palm oil mill effluent improves the larval survival of marble goby Oxyeleotris marmorata (Bleeker)

Survival of marble goby larvae fed either Rhodovulum sulfidophilum, a phototrophic bacterium cultured from palm oil mill effluent (pPB), or microalgae ( Nannochloropsis sp.) was evaluated at two salinities. Larvae directly fed pPB had survival of 0–29% at 5 g L^?1 salinity and 0–19% at 10 g L^?1 salinity, whereas larvae directly fed microalgae suffered complete mortality after 20 days of culture at both salinities. However, larvae indirectly fed pPB or microalgae, i.e. via rotifers (Days 1–30) and Artemia nauplii (Days 21–30) cultured solely from pPB or microalgae, showed improved survival of 35–55% or 44–49% at 5 g L^?1 salinity respectively. In all experiments, fish larvae reared at 5 g L^?1 salinity showed significantly higher (P < 0.01) mean survival than those reared at 10 g L^?1 salinity. The survival of larvae fed the bacterial‐based diet was higher compared with microalgal diet used in previous studies. The pPB had higher total polyunsaturated fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) than the microalgae, which had very high eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Larvae with very high ratios of DHA/EPA (>11) or/and ARA (arachidonic acid)/EPA (>5), attributable to their given diet, however suffered the highest mortality.     

The effect of dietary chitin on the autochthonous gut bacteria of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua L.)

In the present study the impact on autochthonous (adherent) bacteria in proximal intestine (PI) and distal intestine (DI) of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua L.) was evaluated following feeding of a control diet and a diet supplemented with 5% chitin. The autochthonous gut bacteria were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Analysis of the microbiota associated with PI and DI of Atlantic cod indicate that dietary chitin modulate the intestinal bacterial community. For example, band 25 ( Escherichia coli–like), band 14 ( Anaerorhabdus furcosa–like) and band 29 (uncultured bacterium–like) in PI were depressed by dietary chitin (P < 0.05). The number of bands (23.7 ± 5.4) in DI of fish fed chitin was marginally higher than the control fish (16.7 ± 2.1) (P = 0.065), and the relative abundances of band 6 (swine faecal bacterium–like) were marginally stimulated by dietary chitin (P = 0.095). Furthermore, the present study reports several novel sequences not previously reported in the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic cod. Whether the dietary effect of chitin on gut bacterial community has any positive effect of fish health merits further investigations.     

云烟高端品牌植烟区根际土壤高效解钾菌的筛选

从云南石林,建水采取烟草根部土样,按10-4、10-5梯度稀释并涂布平板,在28℃培养条件下,从硅酸盐固体培养基上初步筛选得到77株解钾菌株,具有透明圈的65株.采用液体培养法(火焰分光光度计法)测定其解钾能力作进一步复筛,获得34株具有较高解钾能力的菌株,其有效钾活性为0.4～10.6 mg/L,同时采用高温筛选出一株耐70℃高温,且具有较好解钾能力的菌株K77,经初步鉴定为侧孢芽孢杆菌(Bacillus Lateraporus),该菌解钾活性达到10.6 mg/L.     

高效有机磷降解BR133和BR57的分离和鉴定

对四川贝尔农药厂污水处理池采集的活性污泥样品,进行了解磷细菌的分离和筛选,根据解磷圈的大小获得了27株解磷细菌,又通过钼锑抗比色法复筛出2株降解有机磷农药草甘膦性能较好且稳定的菌株BR13和BR57,其降解率均达到50%以上.对这2株菌进行了生理生化试验和16S rDNA序列分析,结果表明BR13为假单胞菌,BR57为摩根氏菌.     

模拟酸雨对不同叶色李和桃生理特性的影响

研究了夏季和秋季模拟酸雨对不同叶色李和桃生理特性的影响,结果表明:酸雨胁迫对紫叶李的细胞膜透性、叶绿素含量、花色素苷含量、抗氧化酶活性影响最大,对红叶桃影响最小;李、桃对酸雨胁迫的反应秋季较夏季更敏感,各生理指标变化幅度较大。     

小麦秸秆发酵液中优质乳酸菌的分离·纯化与鉴定

[目的]从小麦秸秆发酵液中筛选并鉴定适合于青贮添加剂的高效乳酸菌。[方法]用MRS＋CaCO3固体培养基筛选,分离出78株乳酸菌;经形态学、革兰氏染色、生理生化试验、产酸效率试验、耐酸能力试验和耐盐试验等挑选出43株产酸率高的乳酸菌。通过16S rDNA法对该乳酸菌进行鉴定。[结果]已获得43株产酸能力强的菌株1,6S rDNA鉴定结果表明,37株为副干酪乳杆菌亚种（Lacto-bacillus paracasei subsp.）1,株为鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）,5株为肠球菌（Enterococcus faecium）。[结论]从小麦秸秆中筛选出43株具有较强产酸能力的乳酸菌,对研发优质青贮饲料添加剂具有一定的指导意义。     

土壤中砷氧化菌的生理生化及转化砷特性研究

[目的]通过外加砷源驯化肇庆市鼎湖山自然保护区土壤中细菌,研究砷氧化菌的生理生化及转化砷特性。[方法]采用富集、稀释平板、硝酸盐漫过、生理生化指标的测定等。[结果]从中分离、鉴定出具有氧化砷功能的产碱杆菌和土壤杆菌2种菌株。[结论]这2种菌株最适氧化砷温度为30℃,最适氧化砷pH为9。培养基中乳酸钠浓度对菌株氧化砷有一定的影响。     

新疆设施栽培黄瓜内生细菌研究

[目的]研究新疆设施栽培黄瓜内生细菌,寻求安全有效的生物防治措施控制瓜类病害。[方法]对新疆设施栽培的黄瓜苗各组织的内生细菌进行了分离,并对黄瓜内生细菌的菌群组成和菌群密度进行了研究。[结果]黄瓜不同组织内生细菌的数量有所不同,根中最多（平均含量在2.38×105 CFU/gfw）,其次是叶片（1.12×105 CFU/gfw）,茎中较少（2.73×103 CFU/gfw）。不同品种中内生细菌种群密度差别不大,内生细菌含量为7.96×104～1.51×105 CFU/gfw。菌群由芽孢杆菌属、黄单胞菌属、欧文氏菌属、土壤杆菌属及短小杆菌属等组成,其中芽孢杆菌为优势种群,约占总分离菌株的51.9%,菌群多样性在不同品种间差异不显著。[结论]为寻找瓜类病害的生物拮抗因子奠定了基础。     

拮抗性苦豆子内生细菌的遗传多样性

[目的]研究了分离自苦豆子,对棉花枯萎病菌和黄萎病菌有较强拮抗作用的48株内生细菌进行遗传多样性,分析并对有代表性的10株菌进行序列测定和系统发育分析。[方法]采用总DNAERIC-PCR方法和16S rRNA基因全序列分析方法对48株内生细菌进行了遗传多样性和系统发育分析。[结果]ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分析表明,在Watson距离为0.31时,48株菌被划分为6个ERIC群和2个独立成群的菌株,从每个群中挑选出代表性的菌株测定其16S rRNA基因,进行系统发育分析,结果表明这些菌株分别属于Bacillus atro-phaeus、Bacillus subtilis、Bacillus cereus、Bacillus megaterium、Bacillus pumilus、Serratia marcescens。[结论]该48株内生菌遗传多样性明显,通过对该48株菌的多样性和系统发育地位的确定,可以为研究棉花枯萎病菌和黄萎病菌的机制研究奠定基础,同时为棉花生产中病害的生物防治提供新的途径。