和谐社会视野下我国农民权利的法律保护

和谐社会最基本的含义是社会内部各群体之间利益均衡和权利受到法律保护。建国以来,有关农民问题的立法不仅在数量上与农民人口不成比例,而且立法层次较低,多是一些政策性的文件和规定,且有许多与城市居民相比不平等甚至是歧视性的规定。建立法治社会与构建和谐社会,必须强化对农民权利的法律保护。     

北京市海淀区农村集体经济组织规范发展的实践与探索

2002年以来,北京市海淀区坚定不移推动农村集体产权制度改革,加强新型农村集体经济组织建设,逐步建立了一整套科学合理、符合实际的制度体系,探索了集体经济组织建设与发展的有效实现路径,创造性地解决了开放市场与封闭产权、规范管理与放活经营、明晰所有权与保护成员权等城市化进程中农村集体经济组织发展面临的重大矛盾和难题,为规范引导集体经济组织发展提供了地方典范,为我国集体经济组织立法工作提供了可参考的样板.针对当前海淀区集体经济发展面临的主要矛盾,建议从三方面推进集体经济组织规范发展:一是探索强化党对农村集体经济的有效实现形式,二是引导集体资本参与新型城市形态构建,三是以深化改革促进农村城市化后的集体经济组织发展.     

风险资本家与企业家之间的控制权分配和转移

风险投资中的控制权分配直接影响企业的价值以及风险资本家与风险企业家的个人利益。本文通过简单的模型分析了风险投资合同中控制权的分配和转移，认为控制权尤其是剩余控制权是一种“状态依存权”，并且剩余控制权和剩余索取权是可分离的，且不必完全对应。这些结论基本符合融资控制理论的预测并得到实证支持。     

Gender and property rights in the commons: Examples of water rights in South Asia

In many countries and resource sectors, the state is devolving responsibility for natural resource management responsibility to ``communities' or local user groups. However, both policymakers and researchers in this area have tended to ignore the implications of gender and other forms of intra-community power differences for the effectiveness and equity of natural resource management. In the irrigation sector, despite the rhetoric on women's participation, a review of evidence from South Asia shows that organizations often exclude women through formal or informal membership rules and practices. Women may have other ways to obtain irrigation services, but even if they are effective, these other informal ways of obtaining irrigation services are typically less secure. As resource management – and rights to resources – are transferred from the state to local organizations, ensuring women's participation is essential for gender equity in control over resources. Greater involvement of women can also strengthen the effectiveness of local organizations by improving women's compliance with rules and maintenance contributions. Further detailed and comparative research is required to identify the major factors that affect women's participation and control over resources, if devolution policies are to be both equitable and sustainable. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

On the Restricting Factors ＆ System Arrangements of Chinese Land Tenure Marketization

As a general rule of Economics of Development,economic growth and development require rational institution guarantee. Land Tenure. As a main institution factor in agricultural development ,closely relates to the reform of Chinese agriculture. Based on the relevant theories of Economics of Institution and Economics of Development ,and combined with the marketization process of Chinese Land Tenure of Property Rights,the article studied the effects of institutional factors and put forward some choices in the development of agriculture, which is of both significant and practical importance.     

云南省林权管理信息系统平台建设技术政策研究

从云南省集体林权主体改革后林地及其信息管理的需求出发,论述了建立林权管理信息系统平台的必要性,分析了建立管理信息系统平台的有利条件和不利条件,提出了建立管理信息系统平台的目标任务以及建立平台的相关技术、政策措施.     

我国非法证据排除规则的完善——评《办理死刑案件证据规定》和《非法证据排除规定》

"两高三部"的《办理死刑案件证据规定》和《非法证据排除规定》,细化和完善了法律和司法解释关于非法证据排除的规定,进一步确立和完善了我国非法证据排除规则。这"两个规定"对司法机关及人员公正办理刑事案件、依法惩治犯罪、切实保障人权具有十分重要的意义。但也有其不足,需要建立和完善相关的配套措施。     

贵州省凤冈县农村产权制度改革实践与启示

贵州省凤冈县将农村资源进行确权颁证,使之变成农民（自然人、法人）资产,采用入股、交易和抵押融资等方式,变成农业生产经营性资本,探索农村财产性增收的实践途径。     

The effect of recreational disturbance on an upland breeding bird, the golden plover Pluvialis apricaria

The use of the countryside for recreation has increased dramatically in recent years. This has led to concern amongst conservationists about the effects increased human disturbance may have on important wild animal populations. In the UK, recent legislation has widened the level of access to upland habitats, which support internationally important breeding bird populations. Determining the extent to which recreational disturbance affects upland breeding birds is therefore a conservation priority. We used data collected over 13 years to investigate the impact of recreational disturbance on the distribution and reproductive performance of golden plovers breeding in close proximity to the Pennine Way, an intensively used long-distance footpath. Importantly, the Pennine Way was resurfaced in 1994 to prevent further erosion of the surrounding vegetation. We were therefore able to examine if the response of golden plovers to recreational disturbance was influenced by changes in the intensity and extent of human activity resulting from the resurfacing work. Before the Pennine Way was resurfaced, golden plovers avoided areas within 200 m of the footpath during the chick-rearing period. At this time over 30% of people strayed from the footpath and the movement of people across the moorland was therefore widespread and unpredictable. Following resurfacing, over 96% of walkers remained on the Pennine Way, which significantly reduced the impact of recreational disturbance on golden plover distribution; golden plovers only avoided areas within 50 m of the footpath at this time. Despite the clear behavioural responses of golden plovers to the presence of visitors, there was no detectable impact of disturbance on reproductive performance. In many countries, a conflict arises between the use of the countryside for recreational purposes and the protection of habitats or species of high conservation value. However, this study suggests that the implementation of simple measures to influence visitor behaviour can dramatically reduce the impact of recreational disturbance on wild animal populations.     

基于排污权交易的湘江流域生态补偿研究

[目的]以湖南省湘江流域为研究对象,探索流域生态补偿方法,为湘江流域实施污染综合治理及区域平衡发展提供理论依据。[方法]通过研究区域内的8个城市(长沙、湘潭、株洲、衡阳、岳阳、永州、郴州、娄底)2012年的人均GDP,人口总数,人均工业生产总值和万元GDP污水排放量与8个市的平均值进行对比分析,确定生态补偿标准系数。通过将各个市的人均排污量与8个城市的平均排污量作比较,求得各个市的超量排污量和节余排污量;按照主要因子排污价格及其排污比例确定超量排放和节余排放的支付和补偿价格;利用生态补偿标准系数,计算2012年湘江流域每个城市的最终补偿标准。[结果]2012年长沙、株洲、湘潭市应分别支付生态补偿资金4 005.0,440.7和430.1万元,衡阳、岳阳、郴州、永州和娄底市可获得的生态补偿资金分别为338.2,90.4,561.4,602.8和379.5万元。[结论]实际排污大于理论排污权的城市有长沙、株洲和湘潭市;而其他5个城市排污权均有节余。