基于排污权交易的湘江流域生态补偿研究

目的]以湖南省湘江流域为研究对象,探索流域生态补偿方法,为湘江流域实施污染综合治理及区域平衡发展提供理论依据。方法]通过研究区域内的8个城市(长沙、湘潭、株洲、衡阳、岳阳、永州、郴州、娄底)2012年的人均GDP,人口总数,人均工业生产总值和万元GDP污水排放量与8个市的平均值进行对比分析,确定生态补偿标准系数。通过将各个市的人均排污量与8个城市的平均排污量作比较,求得各个市的超量排污量和节余排污量;按照主要因子排污价格及其排污比例确定超量排放和节余排放的支付和补偿价格;利用生态补偿标准系数,计算2012年湘江流域每个城市的最终补偿标准。结果]2012年长沙、株洲、湘潭市应分别支付生态补偿资金4 005.0,440.7和430.1万元,衡阳、岳阳、郴州、永州和娄底市可获得的生态补偿资金分别为338.2,90.4,561.4,602.8和379.5万元。结论]实际排污大于理论排污权的城市有长沙、株洲和湘潭市;而其他5个城市排污权均有节余。

Quantitative Study on Ecological Compensation in Xiangjiang River Basin Based on Pollution Rights Trading

Objective] Taking Xiangjiang river basin in Hunan Province as the research object, we studied the compensation for watershed ecology, in order to provide the theory basis for pollution comprehensive treatment and regional balanced development in Xiangjiang River basin.Methods] The standard coefficient of ecological compensation was determined by comparing the value of 2012 GDP per capita, the total population, the per capita gross industrial production value and the discharging quantity of sewage per ten thousand yuan GDP with the average value in eight cities(Changsha, Xiangtan, Zhuzhou, Hengyang, Yueyang, Yongzhou, Chenzhou and Loudi). The excessive and unused quantity of sewerage drainage was calculated by the differences between per capita value of each city with the average values. The compensation price was determined according to the proportion of main factors price and the sewerage drainage in each city. The ultimate standard of compensation was considered according to the ecological compensation standard coefficient in Xiangjiang river basin.Results] The ecological compensation funds for Changsha, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan, Hengyang, Yueyang, Chengzhou, Yongzhou and Loudi City was 40.050, 4.407, 4.301, 3.382, 0.904, 5.614, 6.028 and 3.795 million yuan, respectively.Conclusion] Quantity of sewerage drainage in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan City are more than the theory emission permits, while the actual sewerage drainage in other 5 cities were less than the permits.