石莼属海藻的环境增殖及生物质能开发潜力

石莼属海藻主要包括石莼(Ulva lactuca)、孔石莼(U.pertusa)和裂片石莼(U.fasciata)等。石莼又名海莴苣,藻体呈黄绿色,似卵形,边缘略有波状或呈广宽叶片状,一般生长在海湾内中低潮带的岩石上或石沼中,广泛分布于我国黄、渤海沿岸等;孔石莼又称海白菜,藻体有卵形、椭圆形、圆形等,叶片上有形状大小不一的孔,这些孔可使叶片     

孔石莼在干出胁迫下上调表达基因消减cDNA文库的构建及分析

利用抑制消减杂交技术构建了潮间带绿藻孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)在干出胁迫状态下上调表达基因的消减cDNA文库.获得的阳性克隆经测序得到150条上调表达的EST片段,其中21条为冗余序列(RS),137条非冗余序列(NRS).片段中最长833 bp,最短106 bp,平均长度364 bp.参与比对的EST片段按照...     

Protective Effects of Ulva lactuca Polysaccharide Extract on Oxidative Stress and Kidney Injury Induced by D-Galactose in Mice

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the key factors that cause many diseases in the human body. Polysaccharides from seaweed have been shown to have significant antioxidant activity both in vivo and in vitro. The ameliorative effect of Ulva lactuca polysaccharide extract (UPE) on renal injury induced by oxidative stress was analyzed. As shown by hematoxylin–eosin staining results, UPE can significantly improve the kidney injury induced by D-galactose (D-gal). Additionally, the protective mechanism of UPE on the kidney was explored. The results showed that UPE could decrease the levels of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum cystatin C (Cys-C), lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and DNA oxidative damage (8-OHdG) and improve kidney glutathione content. Moreover, UPE significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant activity in mice. UPE also decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Further investigation into the expression of apoptotic protein caspase-3 showed that UPE decreased the expression of apoptotic protein caspase-3. These results indicate that UPE has a potential therapeutic effect on renal injury caused by oxidative stress, providing a new theoretical basis for the treatment of oxidative damage diseases in the future.     

The effect of fresh seaweed and a formulated diet supplemented with seaweed on the growth and gonad quality of the collector sea urchin,Tripneustes gratilla,under farm conditions

This gonad enhancement study investigates the effect of different fresh and formulated feeds and feeding regimes on the growth and gonad quality of wild‐collected adult sea urchin, Tripneustes gratilla, under farm conditions for over 18 weeks. In the first 12 weeks (phase 1), urchins were fed fresh Ulva rigida (U); a 50:50 mixture of fresh U. rigida and Gracilaria gracilis (UG); fresh G. gracilis (G) and a formulated diet 20U (containing 20% U. rigida), and in the final 6 weeks (phase 2) of the study, diet was changed to a formulated feed (20U diet). By the end of phase 1, urchins fed the 20U diet produced gonads (50.72 ± 5.4 g) that were significantly heavier (p < .001) than the gonads of urchins fed the fresh seaweed diets (U, UG & G). By the end of phase 2, gonad weight of urchins in treatment groups UG‐20U and G‐20U were similar to those fed the 20U‐20U diet. Gonad colour of urchins in the G‐20U treatment became significantly lighter (ANOVA, p = .029) and poorer quality, compared with urchins in the U‐20U group. This gonad enhancement study, conducted on wild‐collected adult T. gratilla, has shown that a formulated feed (20U diet) can enhance gonad growth and produce commercially acceptable gonads. This farm‐based study supports previous findings from aquarium‐based studies by our group and indicates that short‐term sea urchin gonad enhancement can be carried out under farm conditions in South Africa.     

温度对浒苔降解过程中溶解有机物释放及其组成的影响

2007~2019年浒苔(Ulva prolifera)绿潮在我国南黄海连续13年大规模暴发,每年上百万吨浒苔来不及打捞而沉降至海底。在浒苔绿潮消亡期,大量来不及打捞的浒苔藻体在微生物降解作用下释放丰富的碳、氮等生源要素。本研究探讨了温度对浒苔降解向水体释放溶解有机物(主要包括溶解有机碳和溶解有机氮)及其组成的影响。结果显示,不同温度(15℃、20℃和25℃)对0~7 d浒苔降解过程中溶解有机碳(DOC)的释放有显著影响(P<0.05)：20℃条件下,DOC浓度显著高于15℃和25℃条件下,而7~30 d不同温度下水体的DOC浓度没有显著差异(P>0.05)。对于溶解有机氮(DON)而言,温度对0~7 d浒苔释放DON的影响不显著(P>0.05),而7~30 d不同温度下,DON浓度呈现显著差异。其中,25℃条件下,DON浓度显著低于15℃和20℃(P<0.05),这主要是由于在实验中后期,微生物将浒苔释放的DON部分转化为无机氮形式,而25℃条件下,微生物丰度较高,进而导致较多的DON发生转化。另外,利用三维荧光光谱—平行因子分析技术(EEMs-PARAFAC)对浒苔降解过程中荧光溶解有机物(FDOM)的组成和荧光特性进行探究,共鉴别出3个荧光组分：类色氨酸组分(C1和C2)和类腐殖质组分(C3)。不同温度下,3个组分的相对含量表明,温度对FDOM的组成并没有显著影响(P>0.05),而对C2和C3组分的荧光强度具有显著影响(P<0.05),这可能由不同温度下微生物的分解速率不同所导致。     

烟台金沙滩绿潮爆发的基本状况与应对措施

2007年5～6月烟台开发区金沙滩海域发生大面积石莼引起的绿潮事件,通过对绿潮发生前后相关因子监测分析发现,石莼的最适生长盐度范围为10～15,水温为15.0～20.0℃,水体富营养程度决定石莼生物量。调查发现,急剧变化的水温是这次绿潮消亡的主要因素。加强监测、及时捕捞和采取科学合理的应对措施将有效抑制绿潮的爆发。     

营养盐因子对孔石莼和繁枝蜈蚣藻氮、磷吸收的影响

采用混合均匀试验设计方法,考察氮、磷营养盐浓度及其交互作用对孔石莼和繁枝蜈蚣藻氮、磷吸收的影响。试验结果表明,在适宜的范围内,2种海藻对氮、磷营养盐的吸收均随着营养盐浓度的升高而增加;NO3-N×NH4-N交互作用影响2种海藻对NO3-N的吸收;NO3-N×PO4-P交互作用影响孔石莼对3种氮、磷营养盐的吸收,还影响繁枝蜈蚣藻对NH4-N的吸收;NH4-N×PO4-P交互作用影响孔石莼对磷的吸收;藻质量对2种海藻营养盐的吸收有一定的作用,但是作用不是很显著。     

Isolation and characterization of the rbcS genes from a sterile mutant of Ulva pertusa (Ulvales,Chlorophyta) and transient gene expression using the rbcS gene promoter

We isolated two different genomic DNAs (UprbcS1 and UprbcS2) encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and portions of the 5′- and 3′-flanking regions from sterile Ulva pertusa Kjellman. The UprbcS1 and UprbcS2 genes had three introns in the coding region. Each predicted UprbcS polypeptide was a 180-amino-acid (AA) residue including a 38-AA transit peptide, although the 104th AA residue was replaced. The nucleotide sequences of UprbcS cDNAs isolated from a cDNA library corresponded to that of the UprbcS1 gene, suggesting that the UprbcS1 gene was predominantly expressed in sterile U. pertusa compared to UprbcS2. Southern blot analysis showed that each UprbcS gene was a single-copy gene in the sterile U. pertusa genome. Northern hybridization indicated that the expression of UprbcS was induced and repressed by dark and light treatments, respectively. When sterile U. pertusa cells were transformed with an expression vector containing the UprbcS1 promoter and terminator sequences fused with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, GFP fluorescence was observed in the cells transformed. These results suggest that the UprbcS1 gene promoter is light regulated and highly active in the sterile U. pertusa cells and is available for genetic transformation system in the alga.     

核桃饼粕基无醛胶黏剂的性能探析

以核桃饼粕为基本原料，支化聚合物为改性剂，对其在木材胶接上的效果进行研究，同时，利用DSC热分析方法对不同支化聚合物用量下体系的固化历程进行表征分析，并借助FT-IR分析方法和SEM表征手段对支化聚合物改性核桃饼粕复合体系的结构变化和形貌特征进行分析。结果表明，支化聚合物与核桃饼粕复合体系对木材胶接具有优良的强度和耐水性，且不同支化聚合物配比下体系的固化峰值温度和胶接强度有一定差别，最优可满足国标中Ⅱ类胶合板的要求。FT-IR和SEM的分析进一步表明，支化聚合物与核桃饼粕之间形成氨基与羧基化学交联，形成的胶层更加致密、均匀和连续，是复合体系具有优良耐水性的重要化学基础。