云南省水生生物保护区现状及保护建议

云南省水生生物资源丰富,并有大量的土著种和特有种。近年来,由于水环境破坏、滥捕酷鱼等因素影响,导致很多物种处于濒危甚至灭绝的险境。至2013年底,云南省有各级水生生物自然保护区17个,水产种质资源保护区18个,但相对于境内丰富的水生生物和极其严重的水生生物生存状况而言,水生生物的保护工作任重而道远。藉此,提出增加保护区面积,加强管理,积极治理与修复水环境,建立、健全法律法规,加大对水生生物多样性和保育的研究,建立物种基因库等保护建议。     

海洋环境变化对水产品贸易影响的实证研究——以浙江省为例

浙江省作为沿海省份,随着其工业经济的快速发展和人民生活需求的提高,一方面工业企业向环境排放了大量的污染物,使得污染物最终流入大海,从而破坏了水产品的生长环境;另一方面由于人均可支配收入的增加,人们加大了对水产品的消费需求。近年来浙江省海洋环境形势严峻,其好坏直接影响到水产品贸易的发展。文章拟从分析工业发展和城市化引起的海洋污染入手,着重阐明海洋环境的好坏与水产品出口的关系,并提出发展水产品贸易的对策建议。     

气相色谱法测定水产品中氯霉素残留

介绍了水产品中氯霉素残留量测定的气相色谱法。样品中的氯霉素用乙酸乙酯提取,正己烷去脂肪,过Sep-C18柱进行净化,用BSTFA-TMCS衍生后进带有微电子俘获器的气相色谱仪检测。该方法的线性范围为0.5～500μg·L-1,相关系数r=0.999,最低检测限为0.1μg·kg-1,相对标准偏差为4.3%～11.0%,向样品中分别添加1μg·kg-1、10μg·kg-1和20μg·kg-13个浓度水平的氯霉素,回收率分别为62.0%、88.2%和96.4%。方法灵敏度高,准确可靠,适合水产品中氯霉素残留量的检测。     

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) grazing on duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza)

The aims of this experiment were (1) toquantify the ability of grass carp to processduckweed and (2) to assess indirect changes inwater chemistry and phytoplankton community,caused by grass carp feeding. Yearling grass carp sized 126 ± 7.7 mm (TL) and19.6 g in weight were kept in 9 laminate tanksof 1 m³ for 14 days. Two stockingdensities (2 and 6 fish per m³) anda control without fish were used. Standard growthrate (SGR) of grass carp fed exclusively onduckweed was 0.70% body weight (BW) d^–1and food conversion ratio (FCR) reached 2.0(average water temperature =21.1 ± 3.8 °C). Daily food intakewas 0.2 g of duckweed dry weight (DW), i.e.,1% of average BW of grass carp. SGR ofduckweed growing in 20 × 20 cm floatingenclosures, differed significantly[F(6,2) = 417.9; p = 0.002] between the twostocking densities of grass carp and thecontrol tanks (without fish). Mean SGR ofduckweed was 0.02 g g^–1 day^–1 and thehighest SGR was recorded in the control tanks.Both decrease in NH₄-N and increase inNO₂-N concentrations differedsignificantly between the treatments[F(2,2) = 45.3; p = 0.02 and F(2,2) = 19.2; p = 0.04 respectively]. Changes in other nitrogenand phosphorus components (NO₃-N, TN, TPand PO₄-P) caused by stocking of grasscarp were not significant. Biomass ofphytoplankton, dominated by filamentous algaeand blue-greens, increased proportionately tostocking density of grass carp. Althoughduckweed has a large potential for nutrientremoval, the most common pathway for thenutrients released through grass carp grazingif duckweed cover is loose is theirincorporation into phytoplankton biomass.     

Effect of temperature and cell density on ethanol fermentation by a thermotolerant aquatic yeast strain isolated from a hot spring environment

ABSTRACT: A thermotolerant, fermentative yeast strain named RND13 from a hot spring drainage was evaluated for its ethanol-producing ability at elevated temperatures at a high substrate concentration [15% (w/v) glucose] close to the level reflecting industrial practice. The RND13 was capable of utilizing glucose almost completely at 40°C with increasing inoculum size, producing ethanol up to 6.6% (w/v), which is comparable to levels (7.0–7.2%) at 30°C. The maximum rate of ethanol production by the RND13 was found to be 9.0 g/L per h at 40°C in an inoculum sized 5% (w/v). At 43°C, however, the RND13 could not utilize glucose to completion and showed a slight drop in the extent of produced ethanol [6.0% (w/v)]. Thus, the culture at 40°C with a 5% cell inoculum was considered to be the optimal condition for ethanol production at higher temperatures in terms of batch fermentation. In the phylogenetic analysis based on the small-subunit rDNA sequence, the strain was grouped together with both Candida glabrata and Kluyveromyces delphensis , which are relatively close to Saccharomyces cerevisiae .     

Effect of crude oil extracts from trout offal as a replacement for fish oil in the diets of the Australian native fish Murray cod Maccullochella peelii peelii

The efficacy of trout oil (TO), extracted from trout offal from the aquaculture industry, was evaluated in juvenile Murray cod Maccullochella peelii peelii (25.4±0.81 g) diets in an experiment conducted over 60 days at 23.7±0.8 °C. Five isonitrogenous (48% protein), isolipidic (16%) and isoenergetic (21.8 kJ g^?1) diets, in which the fish oil fraction was replaced in increments of 25% (0–100%), were used. The best growth and feed efficiency was observed in fish fed diets containing 50–75% TO. The relationship of specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) to the amount of TO in the diets was described in each case by second‐order polynomial equations (P<0.05), which were: SGR=–0.44TO²+0.52TO+1.23 (r²=0.90, P<0.05); FCR=0.53TO²–0.64TO+1.21 (r²=0.95, P<0.05); and PER=–0.73TO²+0.90TO+1.54 (r²=0.90, P<0.05). Significant differences in carcass and muscle proximate compositions were noted among the different dietary treatments. Less lipid was found in muscle than in carcass. The fatty acids found in highest amounts in Murray cod, irrespective of the dietary treatment, were palmitic acid (16:0), oleic acid (18:1n‐9), linoleic acid (18:2n‐6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n‐3). The fatty acid composition of the muscle reflected that of the diets. Both the n‐6 fatty acid content and the n‐3 to n‐6 ratio were significantly (P<0.05) related to growth parameters, the relationships being as follows. Percentage of n‐6 in diet (X) to SGR and FCR: SGR=–0.12X²+3.96X–32.51 (r²=0.96) and FCR=0.13X²–4.47X+39.39 (r²=0.98); and n‐3:n‐6 ratio (Z) to SGR, FCR, PER: SGR=–2.02Z²+5.01Z–1.74 (r²=0.88), FCR=2.31Z²–5.70Z+4.54 (r²=0.93) and PER=–3.12Z²–7.56Z+2.80 (r²=0.88) respectively. It is evident from this study that TO could be used effectively in Murray cod diets, and that an n‐3:n‐6 ratio of 1.2 results in the best growth performance in Murray cod.     

1999～2005年浙江省海水养殖生物死亡原因分析

近年来,浙江省海水养殖业迅速增长,2003年、2004年海水养殖产量分别比上一年增加7.9%和1.2%,产量分别为9.184×106t和9.294×106t。但是在养殖规模不断扩大,养殖产量不断增加的同时,养殖生物死亡事故也不断发生,根据《中国渔业生态环境状况公报(2004年),》2004年浙江省发生海水     

上海市水产品比较优势研究

改革开放以来，上海渔业经济的发展取得了巨大成就，但上海也为此付出了巨大代价：一是许多宝贵的水产资源逐渐衰竭；二是水产养殖导致了环境污染。上海如果要实现渔业的可持续发展，就必须注意搞好渔业产业结构的布局，发展自己的比较优势产业。文章针对如何确定上海渔业比较优势的问题详细介绍了用国内资源成本测定水产品比较优势的方法，并运用该方法测算了上海主要水产品的比较优势，旨在为上海市渔业生产结构的调整提供一定的参考和依据。     

A comparison of fish assemblages associated with different riparian vegetation types in the Hawkesbury–Nepean River system

Fish assemblages in six reaches of the Hawkesbury–Nepean River were studied to identify the effects of two types of riparian vegetation; well‐vegetated banks supporting complex flora dominated by trees and shrubs, and grassed banks, that have been colonised only by grasses after historical deforestation. The fish assemblages showed both spatial and temporal differences and habitats adjacent to grassed banks supported more individuals and more fish species than well‐vegetated banks. Three small species of fish, firetail gudgeon, Hypseleotris galii (Ogilby), flathead gudgeon, Philypnodon grandiceps (Krefft), and empire gudgeon, Hypseleotris compressa (Krefft), occurred in greater abundances adjacent to grassed banks, but freshwater mullet, Myxus petardi (Castelnau), were less abundant near grassed banks than beside well‐vegetated banks. Differences were also shown in the size frequencies of the four larger fish species between riparian vegetation types. The observed differences in the distributions of fish species appeared to be related to the greater abundance aquatic macrophytes near grassed banks, probably an effect of shading of macrophytes near well‐vegetated banks.     

开发绿色水产品是发展渔业经济的必由之路

本文提出在发展渔业经济过程中遇到的一些问题，指出开发绿色水产品是发展渔业经济的必由之路，HACCP认证体系是开发绿色水产品的重要手段和基本保证，中国加入WTO后，面临严峻的国际市场竞争也要求我国水产业积极开发绿色水产品，提高产品质量，加强水产品出口的竞争力。