Purification of a lectin-like antifungal protein from the medicinal herb, Withania somnifera

A 30 KDa monomeric acidic lectin-like protein was purified from the leaves of an important medicinal herb, Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae), by a series of gel filtration and affinity chromatography methods. The inhibitory concentration of the protein ranged from 7 microg to 11 microg against major phytopathogens under in vitro conditions. The peptide sequence showed similarity to concanavalin A like lectin from Canavalia ensiformis and caused distinct cell wall adhesion of the protein treated hyphae under SEM. Further, the antifungal activity of the protein was compared with standard lectins like concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin.     

间接ELISA法研究嗜水气单胞菌对鳗鲡表皮黏液的黏附特性

采用间接ELISA法研究菌浓度、孵育时间、温度、pH、阳离子及碳源等因子对嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)黏附鳗鲡(Anguilla anguilla)表皮黏液的影响。结果表明, 改良后的间接ELISA法的检测灵敏度约为9.92×10⁴ CFU, 细菌的黏附量随菌浓度的升高而逐渐增大并符合饱和黏附动力学方程: y=0.135ln(x)-0.936(R²= 0.986); 嗜水气单胞菌黏附鳗鲡表皮黏液的最佳条件为: 温度20~28℃, pH 6.2~6.6, NaCl、MgCl₂质量浓度分别为15~25 g/L和3 g/L, 孵育时间为150 min。碳源对嗜水气单胞菌的黏附作用有不同程度的影响, 葡萄糖和麦芽糖能显著提高嗜水气单胞菌的黏附量(P<0. 05), 果糖则显著降低嗜水气单胞菌的黏附量(P<0. 05)。以上结果说明, 嗜水气单胞菌对鳗鲡表皮黏液具有较强的黏附作用, 且其黏附作用具有可控性。

     

测试海洋污损生物附着强度的动态模拟试验装置

设计了一种测试海洋污损生物附着强度的动态模拟试验装置,该装置采用试样不动而海水流动的方式,模拟了航行中船舶的实际工况,可以方便地测试防污涂层表面污损生物的附着情况,为进一步测试防污材料的表面性能提供了依据。试验证明,该装置性能稳定,能满足测试的要求。     

Evaluation and characterization of a novel probiotic Lactobacillus pentosus PL11 isolated from Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) for its use in aquaculture

In the present study, a potential Lactobacilli probiotics were isolated from Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) and characterized and evaluated for their possible use in eel farming. Sixteen Lactobacilli were isolated from intestines of Japanese eels, using selective media. The lactobacilli strains (represented as PL1 to PL16) were screened by their ability to produce digestive enzyme. Among these, three strains (PL11, PL13 and PL16) producing four digestive enzymes (amylase, cellulase, protease and phytase) simultaneously were characterized further using API ZYM kit. From these, PL11 (Lactobacillu (L.) pentosus) was identified as potential probiotics candidate producing 15 enzymes among 20 tested. Further examination of biological activities of PL11 revealed tolerance against pH, artificial bile juice and antibacterial activity against several fish pathogenic bacteria. The in vitro competitive exclusion assay also revealed 88.4% reduction in adhesion of fish pathogen (Edwardsiella tarda) by PL11 to host intestinal mucus. In vitro incubation of Japanese eel foregut with Baclight‐labelled PL11 showed colonization of the enterocyte surface by confocal and scanning electron microscopy. In summary, PL11 isolated from eels could serve as a potential probiotics with acid and bile tolerance, production of digestive enzymes, antibacterial activity and inhibition of fish pathogen adhesion to intestinal mucus.     

基于刮削与振动原理的减粘降阻镇压装置研究

针对镇压作业时,土壤粘附严重、牵引阻力大等问题,借鉴地面机械触土部件减粘降阻法,设计了一种机械式减粘降阻镇压装置。进行镇压装置运动过程分析、镇压轮表面脱土机理分析和刮削板脱土机理分析,为确定镇压装置减粘降阻的能力提供了理论依据,并在此基础上对镇压装置的关键机构进行了设计。为研究机械式减粘降阻镇压装置的工作性能,以弹簧刚度、前进速度和刮削角为试验因素,以牵引阻力、土壤粘附量为试验指标,在室内土槽中进行L9(34)正交试验。试验结果表明:各因素对指标影响的主次顺序为弹簧刚度、刮削角、前进速度;最优水平组合为弹簧刚度40 N/mm、刮削角30°、前进速度7 km/h。以最优水平组合进行验证试验,得到牵引阻力39.6 N,土壤粘附量43.24 g。与传统镇压装置的对比试验表明,机械式减粘降阻镇压装置使牵引阻力降低17.8%,土壤粘附量降低34.8%。     

The effects of sulforaphane on canine osteosarcoma proliferation and invasion

Recent evidence in in vitro and in vivo models suggests that sulforaphane (SFN), found in raw cruciferous vegetables, may have utility in chemoprevention, as an antineoplastic agent and as a free radical scavenger. The effects of SFN alone or with doxorubicin on cell viability were examined, as well as cell cycle kinetics, invasion capabilities and apoptosis in three canine osteosarcoma cell line (D17, OS 2.4 and HMPOS). Results showed that SFN could not induce cell death at potentially physiological concentrations (<50 μM), but significantly diminished cell invasion and downregulation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling. Modest cell cycle changes were observed in each cell line. When doxorubicin was used in conjunction with SFN, there was a protective effect to doxorubicin‐induced cytotoxicity in D17 and OS 2.4 cells. Further studies examining SFN as a supplement are warranted, particularly in light of pro‐proliferative and cytoprotective properties in canine osteosarcoma.     

Identification and Pathogenicity Analysis of Aeromonas caviae M12 from Fox

We tried to identify the bacteria and explore the mechanism of the bacteria's pathogenicity via housekeeping gene gyrB and in vitro organ culture (IVOC) of ileum and intramuscular injection. Microscope, electron microscope and scanning electron microscope were also used to observe and the structure, pathogen of M12 and changes of infected tissues. The results showed that M12 was short gram-negative bacteria, and both ends of it were obtuse and the size without flagellum was (0.6 to 1.6) μm×(0.6 to 0.7)μm while length of flagellum was about 2 to 3 times of the length of bacteria.It had 100.0% similarity with Aeromonas caviae from GenBank. IVOC test observed M12' adhesion in intestinal epithelial cell, resulting in formulation of biofilm structure and damage in intestinal epithelial cell. Histopathologic examination showed that M12 could cause damage in intestine, liver, lung, kidney, muscle tissue of rabbit.The assay would offer references for researching the pathogenic mechanism of Aeromonas caviae.     

sRNA SaaS对沙门氏菌粘附响应规律和胞外代谢物的影响效应

sRNA SaaS(Salmonella adhesion associated sRNA)是近期在肉品源肠炎沙门氏菌(S.Entertidis NCM 61)中筛选出的一种新型调控因子.本研究通过对比野生株与SaaS缺失突变株的粘附响应规律,分析二者胞外代谢物的差异以揭示sRNA SaaS的具体功能及可能的作用机制....     

迟钝爱德华氏菌黏附及侵袭特性的研究

将引发养殖大菱鲆Scophthalmus maximus出血性败血症的病原菌迟钝爱德华氏菌Edwardsiella tarda（L-49231）接种于体外培养细胞—人上皮角质层形成细胞（HaCaT—cell）,观察其对细胞的黏附性和侵袭性,研究了不同作用时间下以及用不同因素处理菌体后,细菌对HaCaT细胞黏附性及侵袭性的影响。结果表明：L-49231菌株能黏附HaCaT细胞,2h后即可侵入细胞;随着作用时间的延长,细菌黏附细胞与侵入细胞的数量增加。分别用甲醛、戊二醛、盐酸、胰蛋白酶处理L-49231菌体,细菌的黏附力及侵袭力均有所下降;用蔗糖、甘露糖处理L-49231菌体时,细菌的黏附力变化不大;用葡萄糖处理时,能够促进细菌对细胞的黏附作用。用甘露糖和葡萄糖处理菌体时,能促进细菌对细胞的侵袭;用蔗糖处理菌体时,能部分抑制细菌对细胞的侵袭作用。用抗体处理L-49231菌体后,细菌的黏附力及侵袭力均明显下降。说明L-49231菌株对HaCaT细胞具明显的侵袭性,其主要黏附因子为胞外蛋白质成分,无确切的糖受体。     

履齿高度对集矿机牵引性能的影响及参数确定

为研究履齿高度对集矿机在多金属结核矿区稀软底质上的牵引性能的影响,并确定履齿高度,以优化集矿机的行走机构。该文基于稀软底质的剪切位移和应力模型,构建了单履带板、齿与稀软底质的驱动力模型和集矿机的附着力模型,研究了履齿高度参数对集矿机在稀软底质上的牵引性能的影响。结果表明,履齿高度能提高集矿机在稀软底质上的牵引性能:集矿机在稀软底上产生的驱动力随履齿高度增加而快速增加;附着力在齿高小于15cm时随齿高增加快速增加,齿高大于15cm后趋缓。集矿机的齿高应不大于15cm。