玉米霜霉病的侵染途径及防治措施

系统综述了玉米霜霉病的症状表现、发生规律和防治措施等方面的研究进展.加强进境植物检疫、及时清除病残体和选育高抗的玉米品种是防治玉米霜霉病的重中之重.     

河南省郏县红牛肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解河南省郏县红牛肠道寄生虫感染情况，采用卢戈氏碘液染色法、饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法对河南省郏县地区某红牛养殖场及散养红牛的218份新鲜粪便样本进行了检查，结果发现寄生虫总感染率为66.5%，共检出4种肠道寄生虫，其中球虫、圆线虫、鞭虫和绦虫感染率分别为61.5%、2.3%、6.9%和7.8%，混合感染率为11.5%，阳性粪便中虫卵或卵囊感染强度以轻度感染为主。结果表明，河南省郏县红牛肠道寄生虫感染较为普遍，应加强其肠道寄生虫病的防治。     

线粒体DNA在先天性免疫中的作用

线粒体是细胞内重要的细胞器,具有多种功能,是细胞的能量工厂。线粒体含有自己的遗传物质线粒体DNA,线粒体DNA因其在氧化磷酸化中的作用而广为人知。近年来,越来越多的研究表明线粒体DNA可作为先天性免疫系统的激动剂,并在病原体感染和炎性疾病的病理发展中起重要作用。线粒体DNA在进入细胞质或细胞外环境后,可以激活多种先天性免疫系统的模式识别受体,从而触发促炎细胞因子分泌和Ⅰ型干扰素反应。因此,本文就线粒体DNA激活先天性免疫的机制以及其在病原体感染和相关疾病发生发展中的作用进行讨论、总结,以期为进一步深入开展线粒体DNA在病原体感染及相关疾病中的作用及其机制研究提供理论依据。     

青海地区野生狐狸棘球绦虫感染情况调查研究

野生狐狸是棘球绦虫的主要终末宿主,在棘球蚴病的传播中有重要作用。为了解青海省狐狸中棘球绦虫感染状况,我们用棘球绦虫粪抗原检测试剂盒,对收集于青海省称多县、贵南县、祁连县的野生狐狸粪便进行了检测。结果表明,称多县收集的129份狐狸粪便阳性15份,阳性率11.6%;祁连县收集的84份狐狸粪便阳性3份,阳性率3.6%;贵南县收集的47份狐狸粪便阳性0份。共收集的260份狐狸粪便中阳性18份,平均阳性率7.5%。青海省野生狐狸中有棘球绦虫感染,在棘球蚴防治中应加强野生终末宿主的防治。     

山东省菏泽市某规模猪场不同猪群伪狂犬病野毒感染情况调查

为了解规模猪场不同猪群的伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)感染情况及场区病毒载量分布特点,在山东省菏泽市某规模猪场,利用实时荧光定量PCR方法,对该猪场不同孕龄母猪、不同阶段生长猪群,以及各生产阶段场区环境,采集猪鼻拭子和场区环境拭子进行PRV-gE核酸检测,并对检测结果进行统计分析。结果显示:在294份猪鼻拭子中,检出42份PRV-gE核酸阳性,总阳性率为14.28%;母猪群PRV-gE阳性率为17.83%(23/129),且妊娠前后各阶段阳性率呈先上升后下降趋势,中期较高(24.00%),但差异不明显(P>0.05);不同阶段生长猪群的平均PRV-gE阳性率为11.52%(19/165),随日龄增加,阳性率也呈先上升后下降趋势,80~90日龄育肥猪最高(28.13%),与其他生长阶段猪群差异明显(P<0.05);除饲料、水源、上猪台和出猪台外,其他大部分场区环境均检测到PRV-gE核酸阳性;育肥猪群病毒载量最高,为3.6×105拷贝数/mL,其猪舍环境的病毒载量也较高,与其他环境及生长阶段猪群差异均明显(P<0.05)。结果表明,不同猪群包括免疫猪群均可遭受PRV野毒感染,尤其是母猪妊娠中期和猪育肥阶段早期,且大部分场区环境均可被污染。结果提示,规模猪场要加强各种猪群尤其是育肥猪群的伪狂犬病免疫,通过监测来调整和优化免疫程序,同时要加强生物安全,防止病毒传入和扩散。     

Causes of death in beef cattle in southern Brazil

We determined the prevalence of diseases and pathogens associated with mortality in beef cattle in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, based on pathology laboratory submissions. Postmortem examinations were conducted on 1,277 beef cattle that died between 2008 and 2018. Information regarding age, time of the year, breed, and regional location were analyzed statistically. Most cattle were from the surrounding region of Porto Alegre, and 78.7% of the analyzed cases had diagnostic value. The diagnostic category with most cases was infectious and/or parasitic diseases (60%), followed by toxic and toxicoinfectious (25%). Most cases occurred in the fall. Major disease conditions identified included hemoprotozoal infection (18.2%), rabies (8.2%), and plant intoxications by Senecio spp. (8.5%) and Pteridium arachnoideum (4.6%). Hemoprotozoal infection occurred at a higher frequency in young cattle, mainly in animals up to 1 y old. Intoxication by Senecio spp. was more frequent in cattle 2–3 y old.     

Systemic Listeria monocytogenes infection and concurrent pleural mesothelioma in a cat

Herein we describe a rare case of systemic Listeria monocytogenes infection with concurrent pleural mesothelioma in a stray cat that was found dead and submitted for autopsy. Gross pathology changes consisted of thoracic clear yellow fluid admixed with suspended fibrin strands; clear-to-tan, variably sized, <3 mm diameter pulmonary nodules; and enlargement of the submandibular, retropharyngeal, and prescapular lymph nodes. Histologic changes consisted of extensive areas of suppurative inflammation and necrosis with mineralization that partially effaced the pulmonary parenchyma and lymph nodes. Random, distinct necrotic foci were present throughout the hepatic parenchyma. Extending from the pleura, within perinecrotic alveolar spaces, and infiltrating the submandibular, retropharyngeal, and prescapular lymph nodes were dense sheets of neoplastic epithelioid cells with moderate pleomorphism and occasional karyomegaly and multinucleation. Neoplastic cells exhibited immunolabeling for pancytokeratin AE1/AE3 and vimentin, consistent with pleural mesothelioma. Aerobic bacterial culture of lung yielded heavy growth of L. monocytogenes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for L. monocytogenes revealed clusters of bacteria in the lung, lymph node, and liver. Pathologic changes were consistent with systemic listeriosis, confirmed by bacterial culture and IHC, and concurrent pleural mesothelioma.     

猪丹毒和猪肺疫混合感染综合诊治

疫病一直是生猪养殖中影响猪群健康的重要因素,受到疾病影响的猪群会给养殖户带来巨大的经济损失,严重阻碍养殖业的发展。该文将简要概述猪丹毒和猪肺疫的病理状况,分析猪丹毒和猪肺疫混合感染的发病特征和临床症状,并研究综合诊治猪丹毒和猪肺疫混合感染的方法,降低猪丹毒和猪肺疫混合感染对生猪养殖的影响。     

切断传染源与传染途径对防治猪病重要性

近年,生猪养殖产业不断向着集约化规模化方向发展,养殖密度增加的同时,各种传染性疾病呈现高发趋势。猪传染性疾病发生后,会造成生长发育不良,行动迟缓,生理指标失衡,甚至引发死亡,带来的经济损失不可估量,某些人畜共患病还会威胁人类的身体健康。在疫病防控过程中,需要从传染源、传播途径和易感群体等角度出发,减少养殖环境病原数量,切断病原传播途径,保护易感群体,确保生猪健康生长。该文主要结合一个乡镇的疫病流行特点,分析切断传染源和传播途径对防治猪病发生流行的重要性。