非洲紫罗兰的组织培养

以非洲紫罗兰叶片切块为外植体，用MS作基本培养基，添加不同浓度的6-BA、NAA等进行诱导分化、增殖、生根培养和过渡炼苗。其中以MS 6-BA0．5—1．0mg／L NAA0．2培养基作诱导增殖培养基较好；生根则采用MS培养基；过渡移栽基质为3：2的腐叶土和珍珠岩，成活率可达90％以上。     

竹子试管苗开花的初步研究

麻竹试管苗经3年在高浓度BA的培养基中培养，保存下来的16个无性系都出现开花现象，开花迟早跟无性系的繁芽能力有关，繁芽能力强的无性系较早开花，繁芽能力弱的无性系较迟开花。但这样诱导出来的花质量不好，不能用于授粉。当降低培养基中BA的用量，增加KT、NAA、椰乳，使花芽在营养比较丰富的培养基上培养，花的质量得到明显改善，但也伴随着出现书柜生殖生长向营养生长逆转的现象，逆转的程度与KT的用量有关，当KT0．5mg/l时只表现花枝增长，当KT1．25mg/l时，花枝上长出许多新的营养枝。这一现象表明细胞分裂素BA、KT在竹子组织培养过程中的作用不是完全相同的，BA有利于花芽分化，而KT则有利于营养生长的改善。     

不同因子对兰州百合组培小鳞茎诱导及膨大的影响研究

为了缩短兰州百合生长周期,提高百合品质,以兰州百合组培小鳞茎为材料,研究了大量元素、NAA、6-BA、培养基状态、蔗糖、2,4-D等单一因素对百合试管鳞茎形成和膨大的影响。结果表明,高浓度的大量元素有利于鳞茎的膨大,而不利于鳞茎的诱导;大量元素浓度为2MS时鳞茎平均直径最大,但新增鳞茎数下降到4.56个;NAA浓度为0.2 mg/L时新增鳞茎数最多且鳞茎平均直径最大;6-BA浓度为0.1 mg/L时最有利于鳞茎的形成和膨大,新增鳞茎数5.25个,鳞茎平均直径10.642 mm;固体培养基对鳞茎的形成效果明显,而半固体更有利于鳞茎的膨大;蔗糖浓度为90 g/L时新增鳞茎数最多,120 g/L时鳞茎平均直径最大;2,4-D浓度0.02 mg/L处理对鳞茎的形成和膨大效果更好。     

苦荞查尔酮合成酶多克隆抗体制备及组织表达分析

苦荞查尔酮合成酶（FtCHS）是黄酮类化合物合成过程中的限速酶之一,在苦荞黄酮类次生代谢物合成中起到重要作用。以苦荞种子灌浆期cDNA为模板,采用RT-PCR方法克隆获得FtCHS基因,通过生物信息学分析确定FtCHS的截短抗原基因序列（TrCHS）。再通过原核表达、亲和层析等方法制备并纯化TrCHS抗原,以纯化的抗原免疫大白兔获得TrCHS的多克隆抗体,利用半定量RT-PCR、Western blotting方法分析苦荞不同器官FtCHS的表达情况。结果表明,成功克隆FtCHS基因开放阅读框（ORF）大小为 1 182 bp,共编码393个氨基酸,通过原核表达获得TrCHS抗原的分子质量约34.71 ku,所制备的多克隆抗体具有较高的特异性, FtCHS基因在苦荞叶子、种子的表达量明显最高。     

筇竹组培快繁技术

以筇竹种胚为外植体,MS为基本培养基,通过无菌体系的建立、丛芽诱导增殖、生根培养研究其组培技术,筛选移栽介质。结果表明:在组培无菌条件下,采用体积分数0.5%甲醛(12 h)→体积分数75%酒精(15 min)→体积分数0.1%升汞(8 min)的处理效果较为理想,筇竹种胚污染率为3.33%,萌芽率为86.21%,成活率为83.33%;筛选出MS+2.0 mg·L^-16-BA+0.2 mg·L^-1NAA适合筇竹种胚的丛芽诱导;1/2MS+0.3 mg·L^-1NAA+1.0 mg·L^-1KT+1.0 mg·L^-16-BA适合筇竹分化丛芽增殖;1/2MS+0.3 mg·L^-16-BA+2.0mg·L^-1NAA+0.1 mg·L^-1IBA适合筇竹的生根培养;m(河沙)∶m(珍珠岩)∶m(腐殖土)=1∶1∶2的基质为最佳移栽质量配比。     

Tissue Doppler Imaging and Two-dimensional Speckle Tracking of Left Ventricular Function in Horses Affected with Recurrent Airway Obstruction before and after Clenbuterol Treatment

Cardiac effects of the β₂-adrenergic agent clenbuterol have been the focus of many studies, but effects on myocardial velocities and myocardial deformation parameters have not yet been evaluated in horses affected with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and two-dimensional speckle tracking (2DST). In our study, 7 horses affected by RAO were treated over 14 days with clenbuterol, 0.8 μg/kg every 12 hours. Standard echocardiographic, TDI (pulsed wave and color TDI), and 2DST examinations were performed before and after the treatment period. Myocardial function was recorded in the right parasternal short-axis view. Percent of fractional shortening and two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) measurements did not show any significant changes after 2 weeks of treatment. Early diastolic velocity, E, increased significantly after clenbuterol in the left ventricular free wall (LVFW; P = .001). The E/late diastolic velocity (A) quotient (P = .003) and the isovolumetric contractility (P = .035) also increased significantly after treatment. Time parameters, particularly the time interval between the Q-wave in the echocardiograph and atrial release, the time of diastole and Tei index (parameter of global ventricular function), decreased significantly after clenbuterol administration in the LVFW (P = .014/P = .028/P = .015, respectively). The 2DE speckle tracking revealed a significant increase of the early diastolic systolic strain rate (P = .01) in the LVFW after therapy. In conclusion, 2 weeks of treatment with clenbuterol at a dosage of 0.8 μg/kg every 12 hours led to improved cardiac function in severely RAO-affected horses. This could be a sign of myocardial restoration (re-remodeling) after therapy.     

Expression Pattern of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Canine Folliculogenesis and its Effect on the Growth and Development of Follicles after Ovarian Organ Culture

In this study, the expressions of VEGF in dog follicles were detected by immunohistochemistry and the effects of VEGF treatment on the primordial to primary follicle transition and on subsequent follicle progression were examined using a dog ovary organ culture system. The frozen‐thawed canine ovarian follicles within slices of ovarian cortical tissue were cultured for 7 and 14 days in presence or absence of VEGF. After culture, the ovaries were fixed, sectioned, stained and counted for morphologic analysis. The results showed that VEGF was expressed in the theca cells of antral follicles and in the granulosa cells nearest the oocyte in preantral follicle but not in granulosa cells of primordial and primary follicles; however, the VEGF protein was expressed in CL. After in vitro culture, VEGF caused a decrease in the number of primordial follicles and concomitant increase in the number of primary follicles that showed growth initiation and reached the secondary and preantral stages of development after 7 and 14 days. Follicular viability was also improved in the presence of VEGF after 7 and 14 days in culture. In conclusion, treatment with VEGF was found to promote the activation of primordial follicle development that could provide an alternative approach to stimulate early follicle development in dogs.     

Effect of idazoxan on permeability of blood-brain barrier and expression of MMP-9/TIMP-1 in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

AIM：To study the effect of idazoxan (IDA) on the permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).METHODS：Female C57BL/6 mice (n=36) were randomly divided into control group, EAE group and IDA group, with 12 mice in each group. EAE was induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG35-55). IDA (2 mg/kg, ip, bid) was administered for 15 d after immunization. The neurological defects of the mice were observed daily and scored. The pathological changes were observed under microscope with HE staining and LFB myelin staining. The BBB permeability was detected by Evans blue extravasation. The expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the brain of EAE mice was determined by Western blotting.RESULTS：Compared with EAE group, the score of neurological defects in IDA group was decreased, the inflammation was relieved, the BBB permeability was reduced, and the expression MMP-9 and the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 were decreased (P<0.05).CONCLUSION：The neuroprotective effect of IDA on mouse EAE might be related to the down-regulation of MMP-9 and the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1, thus reducing the degradation of BBB and the permeability of BBB, and ameliorating the pathologic process of EAE.     

油菜素内酯对香蕉不定芽增殖的影响

以香蕉不定芽为材料,MS+6-BA 4.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.2 mg·L-1为基本培养基,采用单因素试验设计方法,研究油菜素内酯对香蕉不定芽增殖及酶活性变化的影响。结果表明,随着香蕉不定芽的形成,不加油菜素内酯,SOD活性逐渐下降,然后急剧上升;POD活性先上升,然后不断下降。油菜素内酯处理下SOD活性总体呈下降-上升-下降的变化规律,POD活性呈下降-上升-下降的规律。培养基中加入0.3 mg·L-1油菜素内酯的香蕉不定芽中的可溶性糖(3.73 mg·g-1)、脯氨酸含量(67.10μg·g-1)和株高(5.00 cm)都显著高于其他处理。     

百合鳞茎不定芽诱导与增殖配方优化

以百合‘辛普隆’(‘Simplon’)和‘黄色风暴’(Lilium‘Yelloween’)的鳞茎为材料,MS为基本培养基,在(25±2)℃,暗培养下,采用正交试验设计方法研究百合鳞茎不定芽的诱导与增殖。结果表明:①NAA 0.2 mg·L-1有利于‘辛普隆’鳞茎诱导,诱导率80.21%,平均诱导鳞茎2.86个;②NAA 0.4 mg·L-1有利于‘黄色风暴’鳞茎诱导,诱导率46.41%,平均诱导鳞茎2.40个;③蔗糖是影响‘辛普隆’鳞茎增殖主要因子,6-BA是影响‘黄色风暴’鳞茎增殖的主要因子;④MS+6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1+Ad 5 mg·L-1+蔗糖60 g·L-1组合有利于‘辛普隆’鳞茎增殖,增殖率2.22;MS+6-BA 1.5 mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1+Ad 10.0 mg·L-1+蔗糖40 g·L-1有利于‘黄色风暴’鳞茎增殖,增殖率4.5。