口服盐酸特比萘芬对幼犬血液常规及生化指标的影响

试验表明，盐酸特比萘芬不同饲喂剂量均可导致犬淋巴细胞百分比、中性粒细胞百分比、白细胞数等血常规检测指标异常。盐酸特比萘酚在幼犬肝脏和肾脏中的毒性是慢性累积的，临床应用中推荐使用盐酸特比萘芬剂量为 5 mg/kg.d进行口服，连续给药不能超过 21d。     

基于农作制分区的1985—2015年中国小麦生产时空变化

Comparing spatio-temporal variation characteristics of China’s wheat production, yield, sown area and yield-area-contribution in different farming zones in the past 30 years could help improving wheat planting layout and adjusting planting structure. Concentration index, rate of change, moving of gravity and resolution of yield-area-contribution were used to analyze spatio-temporal changes of China’s wheat production and yield-area-contribution based on county wheat production statistics including sown area, production and yield from 1985 to 2015. The wheat sown area decreased obviously in Northeast farming region, Northwest farming region and South farming region and increased rapidly in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Yangtze Plain farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, the concentration indexes of Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region reached to 20.64%, 25.77%, and 21.65% respectively in 2015. Wheat production increased significantly by more than 48 milliontons in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, and nearly 8 million tons Yangtze Plain farming region but decreased by more than 2.6 million tons in Northeast farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat production was concentrated in Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Yuxi Hill farming region. The average wheat yield continuously improved during the study period, Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Northwest farming region had the yield increase up to 103.5 kg hm ^-2 and 92.9 kg hm ^-2 each year. Wheat yield in Yuxi Hill farming region, Fenwei Basin farming region and Haihe Plain farming region was relatively high in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region. The yield-reduced area was mainly caused by the decreasing of sown area, while the yield-area-contribution rate was different in yield-increased area. Yield-dominant counties were reduced, area-dominant counties were increased and yield-area-dominant counties were relatively steady. In production increased area, yield-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Huang-Huai-Hai Farming region, area-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Yangtze Plain farming region. Chinese wheat production was increasingly concentrated in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region which has high and rapid increase of wheat yield over the past three decades. Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region were the most concentrated areas in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region for wheat production during this period. Wheat yield and sown area jointly promoted the increase of wheat production in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat sown area was the crucial factor to increase wheat production in Yangtze Plain farming region, especially in the north of Jiangsu, Anhui province and greater part of Xinjiang.     

河北省山区降雨侵蚀力的时空变化特征

[目的] 探究河北省山区降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征，为该区水土流失治理措施的制定和实施提供科学依据。[方法] 应用时间变化分析和空间分布分析对河北省山区2000-2018年降雨侵蚀力进行分析。[结果] 时间趋势中燕山山区年降雨侵蚀力呈波动上升趋势，主周期为11 a，在2009年发生突变，春、秋两季呈波动下降趋势，主周期分别为8和11 a，春季无突变点，秋季在2001年发生突变，夏季呈波动波动上升趋势，9 a为主周期，在2010年发生突变；太行山区年降雨侵蚀力呈波动下降趋势，主周期为6 a，无突变点，夏、秋两季呈波动上升趋势，主周期分别为8和10 a，均无突变点，春季呈波动下降趋势，主周期为8 a，在2006年发生突变；空间分布中，年均降雨侵蚀力范围为1 063.39~5 127.44 MJ·mm/（hm²·h），燕山山区由西到东年及夏季平均降雨侵蚀力先增长后降低再增长，太行山区中由南向北年、夏季平均降雨侵蚀力逐渐降低，春、秋两季降雨侵蚀力分布规律较为多变。[结论] 通过对河北省山区降雨侵蚀力的分析，得出河北省山区夏季水土流失最为严重，燕山山区部分地区尤为突出。     

鲜食枣树体根部矿质元素含量的年动态变化

为了研究枣树根系年生长周期内矿质元素含量变化的情况,提高枣园的栽培管理技术,为科学合理的施肥提供一定的科学依据。对‘大白铃枣’、‘大瓜枣’、‘梨枣’、‘苹果枣’、‘晋矮3号’果实生长发育时期根系氮、磷、钾、钙、镁含量的变化规律进行研究。结果表明:植株生长初期,根系开始活动,活力不高,植株主要依靠体内贮藏营养物质来提供生长发育所需矿质元素,各枣品种大多数矿质元素的含量有不同程度地减少;植株生长中期通过根系从土壤中吸收大量矿质元素供新器官发育,根系中矿质元素变化较为复杂;在植株生长后期,大多数矿质元素均出现不同程度地增加并趋于稳定,开始为冬季休眠进行营养物质的贮藏。     

基于SPEI_PM指数的渭河流域气象干旱时空演变特征

利用渭河流域25个气象站点1980−2018年月值气象数据集，基于Penman-Monteith蒸散模型计算多个时间尺度的标准化降水蒸散发指数（SPEI），分析渭河流域气象干旱的演变、趋势、影响范围、发生频率和持续时间等时空变化特征，以期为渭河流域防灾减灾管理提供科学依据。结果表明：（1）近39a来渭河流域有明显的干湿周期变化，但整体上呈变干的趋势，干旱时段主要集中在1995−2009年，其中以2000−2009年的干旱站次比最大，平均达到36%，且干旱持续时间最长，约3.6个月，1980−1989年干旱持续时间最短，约1.6个月；（2）渭河流域秋季总体呈湿润变化趋势，而春季和夏季干旱在不断加剧，是区域年际干旱的主要驱动力；（3）渭河流域干旱以危害性较小的轻中旱为主，但2000年前后出现严重及极端干旱的站次相对较多，其中1997年研究区内发生的干旱程度较高，影响范围较广；（4）不同时间尺度各等级干旱发生频率的变化规律表现一致，均呈现出干旱等级越高发生频率越低的态势，且极端干旱在年际尺度内发生次数较为频繁，从空间上看渭河流域东北部是干旱多发区。总之，近39a来渭河流域总体干旱较为严重的时段为2000−2009年，且研究区内干旱呈北重南轻特征，因此北部地区仍需加强防灾管理。     

低温胁迫对木薯腋芽部分生理指标的影响

以木薯品种南植199种茎为材料,以常温25℃为对照,研究在持续10℃与4℃低温胁迫以及卸除低温胁迫后木薯腋芽中丙二醛、可溶性淀粉、蛋白质、游离氨基酸含量以及保护酶活性等生理生化变化。结果表明:木薯腋芽中丙二醛含量随着处理时间延长逐渐增加,尤其对照均较之低温处理的高。在处理后120 h,低温处理与对照一样,其可溶性淀粉、可溶性蛋白质与游离氨基酸含量、POD总活性、SOD活性都有所下降。而在卸除低温处理后,低温处理的可溶性淀粉、蛋白质与游离氨基酸含量、POD总活性、SOD活性均升高,尤其是低温处理的可溶性蛋白质含量与POD总活性、SOD活性均比对照的高,达到极显著差异。表明适宜低温有利于木薯种茎的保存。     

甘肃省高寒草甸植被覆盖度反演及其时空变化研究

本研究以甘肃省高寒草甸为研究区,基于2000—2019年遥感数据和2014年实测数据,采用经验回归模型法构建植被覆盖度(fractional vegetation cover,FVC)估算模型,并研究了过去20年高寒草甸FVC时空变化规律、稳定性及变化原因,以期为FVC动态监测提供科学依据。结果表明：在6种植被指数(vegetation index,VI)中除比值植被指数(ratio vegetation index,RVI)外,其余VI与FVC相关系数均大于0.65(P<0.01);模型精度检验发现高寒草甸FVC最佳反演模型为归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)二项式模型：y=-0.65x²+1.97x—0.23(R²=0.81,RMSE=7.33);甘肃省高寒草甸FVC呈现南高北低的格局,20年FVC均值处于较高水平,年均FVC呈现波动上升趋势,平均增速0.15%·a^-1,其中FVC增加的面积占52.76%,稳定的面积占27.58%,下降的面积占19.66%,FVC变异系数小于0.15的面积占86.57%。综上所述,2000—2019年甘肃省高寒草甸FVC整体上呈现增加趋势,并且稳定性较高。     

不同剂量环磷酰胺对昆明小鼠肝肾组织的损伤作用研究

为研究不同剂量的环磷酰胺对小鼠肝肾组织及功能的损害程度,试验选取40只5周龄健康雌性昆明小鼠,随机分为5组,除对照组外,其余4组小鼠连续3 d分别腹腔注射40、80、120及160 mg/（kg·BW）环磷酰胺溶液,注射后第7天采集肝脏和肾脏组织样品及血清,制备石蜡组织切片及透射电镜切片,观察肝脏和肾脏的组织学变化,检测血清中甘胆酸（CG）、胆碱酯酶（ChE）、血清前白蛋白（PA）、总胆汁酸（TBA）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、尿素氮（BUN）、血清肌酐（SCr）、尿酸（UA）含量/活性。结果显示,环磷酰胺可引起小鼠肝肾组织病理损害,呈剂量依赖性,肝脏比肾脏更早出现损伤。石蜡切片及透射电镜切片观察结果显示,环磷酰胺对肝脏的毒性作用主要表现在肝索紊乱、肝血窦扩张、微胆管淤胆、门管区及中央静脉周围炎性细胞浸润及纤维增生、组织间出血、肝细胞出现脂肪变性及气球样变性,凋亡及坏死细胞增多。肾脏组织损伤主要表现在出血及纤维增生,肾小管上皮细胞胞浆空泡样变、线粒体损伤、核固缩,上皮细胞基底膜增厚。环磷酰胺对膀胱的损害不严重。与对照组相比,40~160 mg/（kg·BW）剂量组小鼠血清中ChE活性及PA水平,120~160 mg/（kg·BW）剂量组AST活性,80~160 mg/（kg·BW）剂量组BUN水平及80 mg/（kg·BW）剂量组UA水平均显著升高（P<0.05）;其余生化指标与对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）。以上结果表明,环磷酰胺注射剂量在80~120 mg/（kg·BW）时可引起昆明小鼠肝脏和肾脏组织及细胞明显的病理损伤。该研究结果可为选择合适的环磷酰胺注射剂量用以制备动物肝脏免疫抑制模型提供试验依据。     

The effects of maxillary nerve block,ethmoidal nerve block and their combination on cardiopulmonary responses to nasal stimulation in anesthetized Beagle dogs

ObjectiveTo describe an approach for ethmoidal nerve block (E_BLOCK) and to compare the effects of a maxillary nerve block (M_BLOCK), E_BLOCK and their combination (M-E_BLOCK) on heart rate (HR), systolic (SAP), mean (MAP), diastolic (DAP) arterial pressures and respiratory rate (f_R) during nasal stimulation in dogs.Study designProspective, blinded, randomized, crossover placebo-controlled study.AnimalsBeagle dogs (five cadavers, nine live dogs), with a median (interquartile range) weight of 10.5 (10.3–11.0) kg.MethodsThe accuracy of iohexol injections (each 1 mL) at the maxillary and ethmoidal foramina in cadavers was evaluated using computed tomography. Then, anesthetized dogs were administered four bilateral treatments separated by 1 week, saline or 2% lidocaine 1 mL per injection: injections of saline at the maxillary and ethmoidal foramina (Control), injections of lidocaine at the maxillary foramina and saline at the ethmoidal foramina (M_BLOCK), injections of saline at the maxillary foramina and lidocaine at the ethmoidal foramina (E_BLOCK) and injections of lidocaine at all foramina (M-E_BLOCK). The ventral nasal meatus was bilaterally stimulated using cotton swabs, and HR, SAP, MAP, DAP and f_R were continuously recorded. Values for each variable were compared before and after stimulation using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Changes in variables among treatments were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests (p ≤ 0.05).ResultsComputed tomography revealed iohexol distribution around the openings of the target foramina in all cadavers. In living dogs, HR, SAP, MAP, DAP and f_R significantly increased after stimulation within each treatment (p < 0.03). Physiologic responses were significantly attenuated, but not absent, in the M-E_BLOCK [HR (p = 0.019), SAP, MAP, DAP and f_R (all p ≤ 0.001)] compared with those in the Control.Conclusions and clinical relevanceConcurrent injections of lidocaine at the maxillary and ethmoidal foramina attenuated HR, arterial pressure and f_R responses to nasal stimulation in Beagle dogs.     

Corporate Dividend Policy Under the Change of Earnings in China

Using non-parameter test and multinomial logit regression, this paper studies the dividend policy and behavior empirically. The results show that the change of the earnings of firms affects their dividend policy. When the EPS of the firms increase, the probability of choosing not to pay cash dividend is maximal, yet when the EPS of the firms decrease, many firms choose not to pay cash dividend or choose to increase DPS, so that the information that the relevant firms have great expectation is transmitted to the market. Furthermore, this paper also finds that the successiveness of the dividend policy of the listed firms in China is not good.