外源溶磷菌对不同土壤条件下大豆生长特性的影响

为了明确溶磷菌在多种土壤中的应用效果,探讨了两株溶磷菌对黑土及盐碱土种植大豆的促生效应。采用盆栽试验分析了不同处理对大豆光合作用、渗透调节物质含量、生物量、氮磷吸收及产量的影响。结果表明:加菌处理可增加植株Pn,显著降低R6、R8两时期叶片可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖及游离氨基酸含量,增加R2~R8时期大豆株高和根干重,混合土壤中加菌处理也可提高植株地上部分氮、磷及植株全磷、全氮含量。添加wj1和混合菌处理的植株干重优于添加wj3的处理。黑土加混合菌可显著提高大豆R2期叶片WUE,增加V3、R2和R8这3个时期大豆地上、地下部分氮、磷及植株全氮、全磷的含量。黑土加wj1与混合土壤加菌处理的大豆株荚数、总粒数、单株粒重及百粒重均高于未加菌处理。添加外源溶磷菌,对黑土及盐碱土栽培大豆均有不同程度的促生效果,能明显增强大豆在混合盐碱土壤中的适应性,增加植株生物量、氮磷吸收量和产量,且混合菌处理对大豆的促生效应优于wj1及wj3单一菌株处理。     

野生大豆内生真菌对作物促生作用的研究

为了实现绿色生态农业、农作提质增效,加快生防菌剂的研发进度。本研究利用具有广谱拮抗玉米大斑病和大豆疫霉病野生大豆内生真菌Y6R15和Y2S2为试材,通过菌液灌根和叶喷处理,分析不同处理下玉米和大豆苗期干物质和根系指标的变化。结果表明：拮抗菌株Y6R15对玉米叶片和根干重促生作用明显,均提高根长度、根表面积、根体积、根尖数等指标,以根冠比指标标准Y6R15叶喷效果为最佳方式,依据根系指标特征变化Y6R15灌根效果好于叶喷。拮抗菌株Y2S2和Y6R15处理均对大豆有促生作用,效果显著,Y6R15菌株对玉米和大豆均有促生作用。     

高压直流接地极对埋地管道腐蚀的影响和管控思考

高压直流输电、油气长输管道建设促进了全国范围内的能源优化配置,但高压直流接地极放电对埋地管道的强直流干扰问题应该引起足够关注。为进一步加强相关风险管控,回顾中国高压直流输电网的发展历程,对高压直流接地极放电影响管道的典型特点进行分析,结合当前实际提出后续风险管控的发展方向。研究结果表明:邻近油气长输管道路由的高压直流输电线路和接地极对管道的影响具有干扰时间不确定、干扰机理复杂、干扰程度大及缓解困难的特点,是管道当前面临的突出安全风险。高压直流输电网调试或故障运行过程中,接地极单极放电会加速管道腐蚀。后续应从加强沟通协调和联合测试,深化腐蚀机理和规律研究,采取综合治理措施等方面提升检测、研究及治理水平,全方位保障国家能源通道的安全稳定。     

Development of peanut varieties with high oil content by in vitro mutagenesis and screening

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil crop globally and high oil content is one of the major targets in peanut breeding programs. Previous studies indicated that the osmotic pressure (OP) of the leaves of peanut plants subjected to drought stress was negatively correlated with kernel oil content. Based on this knowledge, we established a practical and reliable method for creating new peanut varieties with high oil content using in vitro mutagenesis and directional OP-based selection. Using embryonic leaflets of peanut variety Huayu 20 as explants, pingyangmycin (PYM) as the mutagen, and hydroxyproline (HYP) as the OP regulator, we developed 15 HYP-tolerant regenerated plants. For each regenerated plant, we selected offspring with oil content>55% (relative to 49.5% for Huayu 20). We developed and released three new peanut varieties with high yield and high oil content from the offspring of the HYP-tolerant regenerated plants. The three new varieties were named as Yuhua 4, Yuhua 9 and Yuhua 14 and their oil contents were 57.7, 61.1 and 59.3%, respectively. The results indicate that in vitro mutagenesis with PYM followed by directed screening with HYP is a useful approach for breeding peanut varieties with high oil contents.     

大豆G位点近等基因系叶片类囊体蛋白质组比较分析

类囊体是光合作用和电子传递关键载体,是叶绿体核心组分,在植物亚细胞器蛋白质组研究中尤为重要。为了探究大豆叶片类囊体的蛋白质组,以1对遗传背景相似度为97.6%的大豆种皮颜色G位点近等基因系（NIL-G和NIL-Y）为材料,利用SDS-PAGE与分级质谱相结合的方法对大豆叶片类囊体蛋白进行分析。结果表明,在NIL-G和NIL-Y中鉴定到的总蛋白分别为2 170种和1 730种,特异蛋白分别为1 140种和700种,总蛋白和特异蛋白数量在NIL-G中均高于NIL-Y。特异蛋白的GO注释及KEGG通路分析表明,尽管这对近等基因系遗传背景相似度很高,但其叶片类囊体蛋白在生物途径、细胞组分和分子功能方面均存在差异。     

乙醇水剂法提取武夷水仙茶叶籽油及其品质分析

以武夷水仙茶叶籽为原料,采用乙醇水剂法提取武夷水仙茶叶籽油,通过单因素试验考察了提取温度、料液比、乙醇浓度和pH对提取率的影响,并采用正交试验设计优化了提取工艺条件。结果显示,武夷水仙茶叶籽油最佳提取条件为乙醇浓度30%（V/V）、料液比1∶7、pH 9、提取温度60 ℃,在该条件下武夷水仙茶叶籽油提取率为93.61%。在提取的武夷水仙茶叶籽油中共检测到18种脂肪酸,以油酸（51.77%）、亚油酸（23.14%）为主,∑SFA∶∑MUFA∶∑PUFA=1∶2.64∶1.27,各项理化指标均符合国家标准。结果表明武夷水仙茶叶籽油是一种营养价值较高的植物食用油,研究结论可为武夷山茶产区茶叶籽油提取、品质评价提供理论依据。     

植物信号分子对大豆开花与结瘤的协同调控

大豆[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]是世界上重要的粮食和油料作物,其显著的生长特点是营养生长和生殖生长交错时间长,导致以结瘤为代表的营养生长和以开花为代表的生殖生长在物质和能量需求上存在激烈竞争。本文综述了蔗糖、植物激素以及miRNAs等植物信号分子对大豆开花和结瘤调控作用,将有助于理解大豆开花、结瘤的协同调控机制,以期对明确大豆生长发育规律、提高大豆产量提供理论支撑。     

Effect of marinade containing thyme and orange oils on broiler breast fillet and whole wing aerobic bacteria during refrigerated storage

Raw meat typically hosts spoilage organisms and sometimes hosts pathogens; to combat this, natural antimicrobial interventions have gained interest among consumers. In a previous study a marinade containing a thyme-orange essential oils combination (TOC) at the 0.5% level was found to inhibit Salmonella and Campylobacter species. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of a salt-phosphate marinade solution with 0.5% TOC (treatment) or without TOC (control) applied by vacuum tumbling on the shelf life of broiler breast fillets and whole wings. The total aerobic and facultative mesophiles (TAM) occurring naturally on these products during refrigerated storage for 14 d (at 1, 7, 10, and 14 d) were enumerated. A total of 48 (24 for each trial) skinless breast fillets and 48 (24 for each trial) whole wings were used for the 2 trials. For each trial, 12 of the 24 breast fillets or wings were marinated using the control marinade solution and the remaining 12 were marinated in the treatment marinade solution. On d 1, 7, 10, and 14, 3 treatment and 3 control breast fillets and wings were randomly selected for TAM enumeration. Sample rinsates were plated in duplicate and incubated at 35°C for 48 h. Thyme-orange combination marinade significantly reduced TAM numbers on d 1, 7, and 10 compared with the controls. Log reductions of 0.3, 0.9, and 1.1 were recorded on d 1, 7, and 10, respectively. The difference in TAM between the treated and untreated whole wings was not significant. Therefore, 0.5% TOC in marinade can be used as a natural antimicrobial to reduce TAM on skinless breast fillets; however, a higher concentration may be required for skin-on products.     

石油降解菌筛选及应用研究

从石油污染土壤中分离到一株新的石油降解菌,对该石油降解菌进行了鉴定,经16SrDNA测序鉴定并结合生理生化实验结果确定其为阴沟肠杆菌。该菌可以将石油作为唯一碳源进行生长代谢,实验结果表明:在菌株投加量为1%时降解效果最佳,降解率可达到26.41%。     

生物质燃油燃烧器的研究与设计

随着生物质热裂解制油技术的发展,为适应其工业化大规模生产,需要一款可以提供稳定的且高效率的生物燃油燃烧器,而传统的燃烧器很难将生物燃油充分燃烧,因此笔者设计一种生物燃油燃烧器,通过对燃烧器的工作原理和主要技术参数研究与确定,对燃烧机的结构进行了重新设计.该燃烧器结构简单,装配方便,可以将生物燃油进行三级雾化,燃烧效率高.