鳜→鲤的细胞核移植

本文报道用细胞核移植的方法,获得了亲缘关系较远的不同目鱼类之间的核一质杂种鱼胚胎.即以鳜鱼的囊胚细胞核作供体,以鲤鱼的成熟未受精去核卵细胞质作为受体进行核移植试验,使囊胚细胞核发生分裂,从而启动卵细胞质也发生分裂,导致重新进行个体发育.在获得的112个正常发育的核移植卵中,发生卵裂的107个,占95.5%发育至囊胚期的61个,占54.5%,发育至原肠期的6个,占5.4%,发育至神经胚期和胚孔封闭期的各1个,分别占0.9%.鳜→鲤核质杂种胚胎类似鲤鱼同期胚胎,其早期发育速度与鲤鱼相似而比鳜鱼快.各杂种胚胎发育期的胚盘形状及大小均类似鲤鱼,大于鳜鱼同期胚盘,且胚盘细胞较多,但比鲤鱼胚盘细胞小,这是鳜→鲤核质杂种胚胎发育的一个显著特点.作者认为核-质杂种胚胎的性状发育,受核受体物种的母性影响控制.     

Hematologic reference intervals for koi (Cyprinus carpio), including blood cell morphology, cytochemistry, and ultrastructure

BACKGROUND: Hematologic data are used routinely in the health care of humans and domestic mammals. Similar data for fish are largely fragmentary or have not been collected. OBJECTIVES: The primary purpose of this study was to determine hematologic reference intervals for koi, an ornamental strain of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Secondarily, the morphology, cytochemical reactions, and ultrastructure of koi blood cells were characterized. METHODS: A CBC was performed manually on heparin-anticoagulated blood specimens using Natt and Herrick's diluent and a Neubauer-ruled hemacytometer. Leukocyte differential counts were done on Wright-Leishman- and Diff-Quik-stained blood smears. Cytochemical reactions of koi leukocytes were determined using commercial kits. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to characterize the ultrastructural features of koi blood cells. RESULTS: Hematologic reference intervals were established for healthy koi for PCV (30-34%), hemoglobin concentration (6.3-7.6 g/dL), RBC count (1.7-1.9 X 10(6)/ microL), WBC count (19.8-28.1 X 10(3)/ microL), RBC indices, and differential leukocyte counts. Lymphocytes were the predominant leukocyte (accounting for up to 80% of all leukocytes), whereas eosinophils were rare. Basophils were positive with PAS staining. Naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase activity was observed only in eosinophils. alpha-Naphthyl butyrate esterase and beta-glucuronidase activities were positive in monocytes. Some lymphocytes were reactive for alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase and acid phosphatase activity. Ultrastructurally, leukocytes, erythrocytes, and thrombocytes were identified on the basis of cytoplasmic organelles and granule appearance. CONCLUSION: Hematologic reference intervals and knowledge of the cytochemical reactions and ultrastructural characteristics of koi leukocytes will help standardize hematologic studies in this species.     

生长相关的微卫星标记在镜鲤繁殖群体中的验证

利用大样本镜鲤繁殖群体分析和验证8个生长相关微卫星标记与体质量和体长的相关性：结果显示：8个微卫星标记在镜鲤繁殖群体中均获得了稳定、清晰的DNA条带,片段大小在100-322bp之间,共检测到33个等位基因、75种基因型。对每个微卫星座位的基因型与体质量、体长性状进行相关性分析发现,HLJ343与体质量、体长显著相关;HLJ319、HLJ302及HLJE339与体长显著相关。本研究用大样本随机群体证实了此4个QTL位点与体质量或体长性状具有相关性,下一步可根据优势基因型指导家系配组,开展基于QTL结果的分子聚合育种研究。     

网箱养鳝模式对Cu2+的吸附和鱼生产性能的影响

为探讨网箱养鳝模式下空心莲子草和麦饭石对水体中Cu_²⁺的吸附效应和共生体系中黄鳝、鲤鱼存活率,增重率及肌肉Cu_²⁺含量的影响,试验选取健康黄鳝120尾,随机分成4组,每组设置3个重复,分别放养于网箱内;鲤鱼240尾,随机分成4组,每组设置3个重复,分别放养于网箱外水泥池中。饲养56 d。检测空心莲子草、麦饭石、水体Cu_²⁺含量和黄鳝、鲤鱼的存活率,增重率及肌肉Cu_²⁺含量。结果表明,空心莲子草和麦饭石对水体中的Cu_²⁺均有较强的吸附作用,水体Cu_²⁺浓度明显降低;随水体Cu_²⁺浓度升高,黄鳝和鲤鱼的存活率、增重率明显降低,肌肉中Cu_²⁺含量显著升高。     

饥饿和重摄食对鲤鱼脂蛋白脂肪酶活性的影响

采用对硝基苯酚法测定正常摄食、饥饿(14 d)和重摄食(3 d)状态下鲤鱼不同组织和器官中脂肪酶及脂蛋白脂肪酶(lipoproteinlipase,LPL)的活性。结果显示:与正常摄食相比,饥饿鲤鱼肌肉、脂肪和心脏中脂肪酶比活力显著下降(P0.05),但脂肪和心脏中LPL比活力显著升高(P0.05);除脂肪中LPL外,重摄食3d的鲤鱼各组织和器官中脂肪酶和LPL比活力比正常摄食和饥饿鲤鱼均显著升高(P0.05),有明显的补偿作用。     

鲤鱼肠道中4种细菌的分离与生化鉴定

为研究健康鲤鱼肠道菌群组成情况,为其饲料添加剂和水质改良剂的开发利用提供基础资料,试验对鲤鱼肠道中的细菌进行分离培养,通过形态特征观察、生化试验进行鉴定.结果:在鲤鱼肠道中分离出4种细菌,分别为:金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphyloccocus aureus)、沙门氏菌(salmonella)、粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis).     

从江县鲤爆发性死亡病例实验室诊断

2018年10月贵州省从江县某水产养殖专业合作社鲤爆发死亡,本研究对死亡病例进行了流行病学调查、病理学观察、寄生虫学检查、细菌分离鉴定和病毒PCR检测等诊断。结果显示:病鲤病变以鳃丝溃烂、体表出血、肛门红肿和眼球凹陷为主要特征,组织的主要病变是肾小球萎缩出血、肾小囊空腔、鳃丝肿胀粘连及上皮细胞脱落等;细菌分离培养可得到圆形凸起、表面光滑的灰白色菌落,经染色镜检、生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA基因测序分析,鉴定该分离菌为嗜水气单胞菌;PCR检测显示鲤浮肿病毒(Carp edema virus,CEV)为阳性,未检出鲤春病毒血症病毒(Spring viremia of carp virus,SVCV)和鲤疱疹病毒(Koi herpesvirus,KHV);显微镜观察亦未见到寄生虫虫体;分别取分离菌和鲤浮肿病毒阳性病例组织悬液进行人工感染试验,均可引起健康鲤发生死亡。上述结果表明,从江县鲤的死亡是嗜水气单胞菌和鲤浮肿病毒混合感染所致。     

饲料中添加蛋白酶AG对鲤鱼鱼种生长和蛋白质消化酶活性的影响

通过2个试验研究了饲料中添加蛋白酶AG对鲤鱼生长和前肠蛋白质消化酶活性的影响.试验Ⅰ选用540尾均重11.7 g的鲤鱼,随机均分为6组,随机选取3组分别饲喂鱼粉含量为10%、15%、20%的3种等蛋白基础饲料,另外3组分别饲喂添加有175 mg/kg蛋白酶AG的以上3种饲料,试验期60 d.试验Ⅱ选取120尾均重48.7 g的鲤鱼,随机分为2组,一组饲喂鱼粉含量6%的基础饲料为对照组,另外一组饲喂添加175 mg/kg蛋白酶AG的基础饲料为试验组,试验期为30 d.试验Ⅰ结果表明:摄食10%鱼粉饲料和20%鱼粉 175 mg/kg蛋白酶AG饲料的鲤鱼分别具有最低和最高的增重率;在10%鱼粉饲料中添加蛋白酶AG显著提高了鱼体增重率(P<0.05),但在15%、20%鱼粉饲料中添加蛋白酶AG,对鱼体增重率没有显著影响.试验Ⅱ结果表明:相比于对照组,试验组鲤鱼增重率提高了6.4%(P<0.05),饲料系数降低了5.4%(P<0.05).试验Ⅰ和试验Ⅱ中,添加蛋白酶AG对鱼体肌肉水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质含量均无显著影响(P>0.05);对消化酶活性的测定表明,在鱼粉含量为10%、6%的基础饲料中添加蛋白酶AG,可显著提高前肠组织蛋白酶活性和食糜蛋白酶活性(P<0.05),但在鱼粉含量为15%、20%的基础饲料中添加蛋白酶AG,对前肠组织蛋白酶活性和食糜蛋白酶活性没有影响.综上所述,在鱼粉含量较低的饲料中添加蛋白酶AG,可提高鲤鱼消化道蛋白酶活性,改善生长性能.     

镉污染对鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio Linn.）同工酶酶谱的影响

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和酶活性测定技术,比较和分析了饲养于不同浓度镉液中的鲤鱼在镉含量达到积累－释放平衡后,其肌肉和肝脏组织的酯酶同工酶,碱性磷酸酶同工酶及过氧化物同工酶酶谱。结果不同浓度镉液中的鲤鱼在镉含量达到镉的残留量使鲤鱼肌肉和直脏组织酯酶同工酶和三性磷酸酶同工酶谱带减少,活性减弱;过氧化物酶同工酶谱带增多,活性增强。     

Enhancing Growth of Common Carp, Rohu and Mozambique Tilapia through Plant Substrate: The Role of Bacterial Biofilm

Experiments were conducted to enhance the growth of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) through use of sugarcane bagasse as substrate. Bagasse was suspended in water with or without supplementation with fertilizers. Bagasse supplemented with cattle dung and urea favoured higher zooplankton production and significantly (p < 0.05) increased fish growth by over 50% compared to bagasse or fertilizers on their own. This higher production of fish is attributed to bacterial biofilm promoted on the substrate which, apart from forming food for zooplankton and fish, contributed to improved water quality by lowering ammonia.