普通小麦籽粒品质性状研究 Ⅱ.籽粒品质性状与农艺性状的相关

利用35个美国小麦品种×中国小麦品种组合的 F_1及其亲本,和2个组合的 F_2群体,研究了普通小麦一些籽粒品质性状及农艺性状间的相关。结果表明:(1)F_1的籽粒蛋白质含量,湿面筋含量和干面筋含量与其双亲相应性状的中亲值和低亲值均呈显著正相关;F_1的 SDS 沉淀值与双亲该性状的中亲值呈显著的正相关,与高亲值和低亲值无显著相关;(2)籽粒蛋白质含量与产量性状呈显著负相关或相关不显著。单株蛋白质产量与产量性状呈显著的正相关,SDS 沉淀值与产量性状,籽粒蛋白质含量以及湿、干面筋含量相关不显著。SDS 沉淀值及单粒蛋白质重量可作为杂种后代的选择指标。     

云南小麦品种谷蛋白亚基和沉淀值的初步研究

 应用SDS电泳对云南省12个地州35个小麦地方品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基进行了分析,并测定其微量SDS沉淀值,在所有材料中发现4种带型,其亚基组成缺少与烘烤品质正相关的3+9亚基;1亚基的频率比华北地区品种低,但7亚基远远较高;所有的品种沉淀值偏低,建议在品质改良中应注意引入具有3+9亚基和沉淀值高的品种作杂交亲本。     

小麦面粉淀粉特性与烘烤品质关系的研究

对245份小麦种质材料的直链淀粉含量、膨胀热、降落值、沉淀值和农艺性状进行了测定，分析了淀粉性状与Zeleny沉淀值及农艺性状的关系。结果表明，Zeleny沉淀值与直链淀粉含量呈显著负相关，与膨胀势呈极显著正相关，与降落值相关不显著，淀粉性状与农艺性状相关不显著。在小麦品种选育中，淀粉性状可以作为品质指标，加强对其改良，不影响优质与高产的结合。     

集约化猪场粪污处理工艺的研究

根据我国集约化猪场排粪方式和粪水的特性，提出了采用人工清粪方式、固液分离机+沉淀+UASB+SBR+水生植物塘的污水处理工艺和猪粪（渣）堆沤发酵生产有机肥的粪污处理新工艺。经上海市嘉定种畜场污水处理工程实践证明：在保证污水全面达标排放和猪粪（渣）无害化处理的前提下，新工艺比常规工艺节约工程投资35%、节约运行电费65%左右，经济效益好。     

谷蛋白溶涨指数在小麦品质评价中的应用价值分析

为了评价谷蛋白溶涨指数（SIG，Swelling index of glutenin）在小麦品质育种中的应用价值，检测了不同材料的面粉、配粉以及全麦粉的Zeleny沉淀值、SDS沉淀值和SIG，并分析了SIG与Zeleny沉淀值和SDS沉淀值的相关性。结果表明，基因型和种植环境各不相同的160份面粉样品的SIG与Zeleny沉淀值和SDS沉淀值之间均呈显著正相关，配粉的SIG能较好地反映出样品中面筋含量和质量的差异，说明SIG是一个比较可靠的品质评价指标；纯合品种面粉的SIG、Zeleny沉淀值、全麦粉的SIG、SDS沉淀值之间的相关性均达1％显著水平，其中全麦粉SIG与Zeleny沉淀值（面粉）相关更为密切，说明全麦粉的SIG与Zeleny沉淀值一样稳定有效，可以弥补Zeleny沉淀法不能用于全麦粉测试的缺憾；在广泛分离的育种群体中验证，SIG方法可成功应用于分离世代单株全麦粉的品质筛选。     

Conditional QTL Mapping of Sedimentation Volume on Seven Quality Traits in Common Wheat

To evaluate the possible genetic interrelationships between flour components and the sedimentation volume（SD）,a doubled haploid（DH） population comprising 168 lines were used to identify the conditional quantitative trait loci（QTLs） for SD in three environments.Ten additive QTLs and 15 pairs of epistatic QTLs were detected for SD through unconditional and conditional QTL mapping.Three major additive QTLs were detected for SD conditioned on the seven quality traits.Two additive QTLs were found to be independent of these traits.Three additive QTLs were suppressed by three of the seven traits because of non-detection in unconditional mapping.Three pairs of epistatic QTLs were completely affected by the seven traits because of detection in unconditional mapping but no-detection in conditional mapping.Twelve pairs of epistatic QTLs were detected in conditional mapping.Our results indicated that conditional mapping could contribute to a better understanding of the interdependence of different and closely correlated traits at the QTL molecular level,especially some minor QTLs were found.The conditional mapping approach provides new insights that will make it possible to avoid the disadvantages of different traits by breeding through molecular design.     

周边进水沉淀池配水槽设计方法的配水均匀性模拟研究

为分析周边进水沉淀池配水槽各种常用设计方法的实际效果,采用计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)方法对直径为20m沉淀池进水槽进行了三维稳态模拟,比较了各种设计方法下配水孔的配水、配泥质量流量的均匀性,模拟以Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase model中的均匀混合连续流体模型(homogeneous model)为框架,包含配水槽中的水、污泥颗粒和水面上部的大气三相,设计方法选择了工程实践中常用的变槽宽定孔径、变槽宽变孔径、定槽宽定孔径和定槽宽变孔径4种配水槽设计方法。模拟结果显示:4种配水槽设计方法中各配水孔质量流量的标准差最小在10%左右,变槽宽的等流速设计整体来说配水、配泥相对均匀,可以考虑优先采用;变孔径设计孔径变化很小,但当采用等槽宽设计时,配水、配泥质量流量的均匀性改善明显。     

Conservation status and reproduction of the critically endangered freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) in Northern Ireland

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Sediment budget for subalpine watersheds,Lake Tahoe,California, USA

Pinpointing erosional ‘hot spots’ or sediment source areas within a watershed can be difficult because of the highly non-linear and episodic nature of effective runoff and sediment transport. Continuous monitoring of stream networks can provide insight into sediment source areas not possible from routine sampling by capturing episodic events and integrating entire storm events. This paper presents the results of a three-year study of spring snowmelt runoff in watersheds of Lake Tahoe, California, USA, using a network of nine nephelometric turbidometers. We estimate that montane badlands, comprising 1.2% of the Ward Creek watershed (25 km²), contributed 10–39% of snowmelt-derived suspended sediment load. The badlands are comprised of poorly-vegetated and deeply-incised gullies formed in parent material of Miocene volcanic mudflow breccia. The larger (29.5 km²) Blackwood Creek watershed also showed high relative erosion rates from volcanic terrain. Tributaries draining forested granitic and metasedimentary headwater regions had minimal sediment loads. Monitoring networks indicated that temporary main channel storage regulated release of fine sediment eroded from steep headwater slopes. This lag between erosion and delivery may lead to underestimation of gully erosion contribution to sediment budgets.     

长寿湖水库沉积物有机碳的垂直变化特征

为揭示长寿湖水库沉积物有机碳的垂直变化特征,采用重力采样器采集水库沉积泥沙,测定了沉积物样品的容重、颗粒组成、总有机碳(TOC)等。结果表明:自1956年水库建成后,长寿湖水库采样点沉积物的厚度为92cm,年均沉积深度为1.59cm。沉积物颗粒粒径随深度减小呈现出先变细,再变粗,表层变细的变化趋势。沉积物中TOC平均含量为14.14g/kg,从建库开始,采样点沉积物中TOC的含量变化趋势是先减小;随着人类活动的加剧导致土地利用发生较大变化,如退耕还林、城市化进程加快等,特别是水面上肥水网箱养鱼等活动,使沉积物中TOC含量逐渐增加;在2004年长寿湖水库全面禁止肥水养鱼后,TOC含量逐渐减小。研究长寿湖水库沉积物有机碳的垂直变化,对认识水库沉积物物理性质、沉积历史及沉积物与人类活动的关系有重要的意义。