牧草种子加工线设计与试验

针对牧草种子加工线各主机既能连线成套工作,也能单独工作的设计要求,采用了主机平面布局和多地坑料斗喂料的形式,结合一字形串联提升机的输送方式,设计了加工线,完成了料门三通、溜管联接卡子和除尘管路风选部件的结构设计。以净度为85%～88%的披碱草种子为加工对象进行了试验,结果表明：生产率大于等于800kg/h,净度大于等于97%,获选率大于等于95%,度电生产率大于等于25kg/（kW·h）,使用有效度大于等于95%,粉尘质量浓度小于等于0.3mg/m3。     

Effects of sex ratio, stocking density and age of hybrid tilapia on seed production in concrete tanks in Saudi Arabia

The influence of sex ratio, stocking density and age of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus X O. aureus) brood fish on seed production in concrete tanks were evaluated in 1992 and 1993. A sex ratio of 1:2 and 1:3 (male: female) and a density of 2 fish m-2 gave the best result with respect to number of seed female-1 day-1 and number of seed kg-1-1 female day-1. Maximum seed production female-1 day-1 was recorded for 3-year-old females and the minimum for 1-year-olds, but in terms of seed kg-1 female day-1 and seed m-2 day-1, 1-year-olds produced the maximum number of seed followed by 2-, 3- and 4-year-old females. Seasonal pattern in seed production was apparently influenced by season and temperature. From the first harvest on 21 April 1993 the production increased gradually, reaching a peak during the third harvest and a second peak during the sixth harvest. Thereafter seed production gradually decreased, reaching a minimum during the tenth harvest on 27 October 1993. No seed were found during the last harvest of 18 November 1993. Maximum production coincided with the highest water temperature of around 28°C.     

中国淡水珍珠种业现状与发展趋势

我国是世界上第一淡水珍珠生产国,其产业和种业发展分为4个时期,本文综述了不同时期产业和种业发展特点。第一发展时期,产业规模迅速发展,天然水域苗种供不应求,淡水珍珠蚌种质资源破坏严重;第二发展时期,突破淡水珍珠蚌人工繁殖技术,确定三角帆蚌与褶纹冠蚌为我国最佳淡水育珠蚌,淡水珍珠产量跃居世界第一;第三发展时期,民营珍珠企业发展迅速,促进淡水珍珠养殖和苗种生产商业化,淡水珍珠产量达到历史最高水平;2008年至今,进入提高珍珠产量向提高珍珠质量转型期。目前,淡水珍珠蚌苗种生产规模化水平不断提高,但农户自繁自养模式仍占较高比重,苗种生产工业化程度较低。在种质创新与利用方面,种质资源评价、杂交育种和选择育种等工作逐步开展,但现代育种技术应用率低、科技成果转化率低的问题突出。最后,根据现代水产种业发展要求,展望了我国淡水珍珠种业现代化、商品化和多元化发展趋势,并提出一些建议,以期推动淡水珍珠种业乃至产业发展。     

普通荞麦自交不亲和两系互交制种技术研究

用自交不亲和性制种,实现普通荞麦杂种优势利用;创新杂交制种生产技术,提高效率,降低生产成本.将育成的近交系亲本矮B系与矮C系等量、混合种植,借助虫媒、风媒授粉,进行杂交制种.成熟后混合收获、脱粒,用机械将矮BF1（正交F1代）与矮CF1（反交F1代）分开,分别用于生产.制种田没有固定的父本,所收获种子95％是杂交种.正交F1代超亲优势为26.1％,反交F1代超亲优势为30.2％,平均优势为38.4％;试验表明,另一组合矮A系与恢3系所配杂交种比对照增产25.64％～44.87％,被审定为‘榆荞4号’品种.制种田省去了父本和按行比种植的工序,不仅提高了制种产量,降低了生产成本,而且制种效果好,在荞麦杂种优势利用上,是一种新的杂交种生产技术,可用于大规模生产杂交种.     

黔南扁穗雀麦原种生产技术

从直接育种繁殖原种、三圃法生产原种、二圃法生产原种3方面介绍黔南扁穗雀麦原种繁育技术,为该品种推广提供参考。     

种子休眠机理的研究方法综述

主要从不同种子种壳、种皮的结构,种皮的透水性、透气性,种胚发育结构、形态,种子内含物成分的休眠机制进行综述,找到较好的实验方法研究种子的休眠机理,从不同的角度剖析种子休眠。     

淤泥湖团头鲂与梁子湖团头鲂杂交子一代的性状研究

团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala Yih)是一种优良的淡水养殖鱼类,但在家养条件下连续传代会引起经济性状指标下降。本试验通过原种选优,以优配优的杂交组合,得出淤泥湖团头鲂与梁子湖团头鲂杂交子一代和回交子代。经饲养观察,证明杂交子一代和回交子代都有良好的生长优势,含肉率和粗蛋白含量相对增高,经济性状较亲本更好。血清蛋白电泳分析结果表明,杂交子代与亲本存在着质的差异。     

Characterization of Amaranthus cruentus L. seed proteins by 2-DE and LC/MS–MS: Identification and cloning of a novel late embryogenesis-abundant protein

Amaranth is taking great attention as an important cereal crop that could fulfill food requirements for the growing population, especially in developing countries. However, the protein composition of these seeds is not well known yet. We have used the proteomics tools to characterize amaranth seed proteome. About 400 proteins spots were resolved on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and protein spots were analyzed by LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry). Identified proteins were related to stress and defense responses, metabolic, respiratory, and oxide-reduction processes. One abundant spot was identified as a Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) protein and the gene was cloned and characterized. The AcLEA cDNA contains a 418 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 139 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis showed that AcLEA belongs to LEAs Group 5. Proteomics is a powerful technique that could be used even in non-sequenced organisms such as amaranth. The obtained information reveals that amaranth seed, beyond the classical seed storage proteins, contains proteins related to protection against stress. The identification of these proteins opens the door to the application of new strategies to improve the quality of amaranth production.     

Potential longevity (Ki) of malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain lots relates to their degree of pre-germination assessed through different industrial quality parameters

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain germination is required to perform the malting process. Maintenance of barley seed viability during storage is crucial for the malt industry; and modern cultivars are bred for rapid grain dormancy release after physiological maturity. Low dormancy level combined with rain close to harvest induces pre-germination/pre-harvest sprouting damage. Pre-germination might not affect viability in the short term after harvest, but it could reduce potential longevity (K_i) of a barley seed lot. K_i value is inherent for each barley lot; however, its determination is time-consuming which precludes its assessment at an industrial scale. In this study we sought quantitative relationships between K_i and the pre-germination degree of barley grain lots, assessed through quality tests routinely performed by malthouses [Falling Number (FN), α-Amylase Activity and Carlsberg]. Field pre-germinated lots from one old barley cultivar (Quilmes Palomar) and artificially pre-germinated lots from major varieties currently grown in Argentina were used. Associations between K_i and values obtained from all quality tests analysed were found for Q. Palomar. However, FN was the parameter that yielded the best and simplest explanation of K_i variability. A significant positive linear K_i -FN relationship was also obtained for each modern barley cultivar.