Preharvest and postharvest factors related to off-odours of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce

The influence of different preharvest and postharvest factors affecting off-odour development of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce in low-O₂ modified atmospheres (MA) was investigated. Fresh-cut iceberg lettuce developed undesirable off-odours under low O₂ and elevated CO₂ atmospheres. A strong relationship between CO₂ concentration and off-odour development was observed. Significant differences in off-odour development existed among different cultivars in two harvests in consecutive years. The influence of maturity stage was evaluated, comparing fresh-cut product from immature and over-mature heads with commercial ones. Higher CO₂ concentrations and higher accumulation of ethanol and acetaldehyde were detected in the headspace of MA-packed lettuce from immature heads. Differences in respiration rate of the fresh-cut product from heads cultivated during the winter–spring seasons were around 30%. Respiration rate of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce increased when medium temperature during cultivation increased. Changes in the product weight generated different CO₂ levels which correlated with the production of ethanol and acetaldehyde and other off-odour metabolites related with the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway such as hexanal, 1-hexanol, and cis-3-hexen-1-ol. Volatile compounds such as cis-3-hexen-1-ol, β-elemene, ethyl acetate and dimethyl sulphide increased their content more than 10 times compared with other volatiles. Moreover, differences in the initial flushed gas-mixture with or without CO₂ showed higher CO₂ concentrations and the development of stronger off-odours when samples were flushed with an enriched CO₂ gas-mixture. In summary, visual quality of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce is important but so are odour and flavour. MAP currently used for fresh-cut lettuce may need some modification to inhibit off-odours and achieve better aroma and flavour qualities for preserving “freshness” of the cut product. Screening for cultivars with low browning potential and fermentation, harvested at optimum maturity stage and with an adequate package design are recommended.     

提高乡镇企业质量和效益的思考

从影响乡镇企业质量和效益的障碍因素入手,提出对策和应注意的问题.     

中小果型无籽西瓜新品种博帅的选育

博帅系湖南博达隆科技发展有限公司以9048为母本、M-2为父本杂交育成的中小果型黄瓤无籽西瓜新品种。该品种全生育期90d左右,雌花开放至果实成熟约需27d。植株生长势中强,抗病抗逆性强。果实短椭圆形,果形指数1.2。果皮浅绿底覆绿色齿条带,厚度0.9cm,硬韧,耐贮运。瓤色鲜黄,质脆爽口,纤维少,无籽性能好;中心可溶性固形物12%～13%,边部9%～9.5%。单果质量4kg左右,667m2产量2700kg左右。适应性广,全国各地均可栽培。2009年3月通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号:湘审西瓜2009002。     

我国市售虾酱产品品质分析与评价

为了解我国市售虾酱产品的品质现状，探究不同品种虾酱之间的品质差异，采集了32种市售虾酱，进行了感官评价和水分、盐分、蛋白质、氨基酸态氮等理化指标的检测，对品质相关数据进行了统计分析和主成分分析，并进一步采用电子鼻和气相–离子迁移谱(GC-IMS)对气味进行了分析。结果表明，市售虾酱色泽和质地差异相对较小，而气味差异较大。理化指标中，市售虾酱的氨基酸态氮含量变异系数为33.91%，离散程度最大。在主成分分析中，提取到3个主成分，累计方差贡献率达82.32%，表明能够涵盖虾酱品质的基本信息，水分、氨基酸态氮、气味是影响虾酱综合品质的关键指标。电子鼻聚类热图表明，在欧式距离4.03处可将32种虾酱聚为4类，原料是影响聚类的主要因素。对海银虾、蜢子虾和白虾3种原料的虾酱进行GC-IMS分析，共鉴定出63种挥发性成分，主要是醇类。研究结果可为虾酱产品品质评价与生产工艺改进提供参考。     

砂壤土强筋小麦应用杀菌剂对产量和品质的影响

运用田间小区试验方法,在豫东平原砂壤土生态类型区麦田,初步探讨了杀菌剂对强筋小麦产量及品质的影响。试验结果表明,使用三唑酮、多菌灵、灭菌丹、烯唑醇及病虫灵等5种杀菌剂,强筋小麦千粒重提高0.8～1.9g,产量增加147.6～471.3kg/hm2,平均增产5.4%。于小麦抽穗后喷洒1次杀菌剂效果较好,增加喷洒次数以后对强筋小麦品质有不良影响。不同生育期应用杀菌剂,基本上不影响强筋小麦的品质,其应用效果主要取决于杀菌剂种类及喷洒次数。既使强筋小麦增产,又基本不影响其品质指标的杀菌剂为三唑酮和烯唑醇,其中又以三唑酮的增产效应最为突出,一般增产8%以上,千粒重提高2g左右,生产中可以考虑优先选用。     

不同木豆品种的生物学和品质特性比较研究

以广西地方木豆品种为对照,与引进的其他7个木豆新品种进行田间比较试验,评价引进木豆品种的种性和生态适应性.结果表明:不同木豆品种的根、茎、叶、花、荚、籽粒、株型等形态特征,萌芽、生长、开花、生长期、抗病虫性等生长特性以及茎、叶、籽粒的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗淀粉含量都有显著差异.根据不同品种的表现:广西品种、非洲品种、缅甸品种、ICPL87119比较适应喀斯特石山区荒地、山地种植,可作为饲料、水土保持、生态保护、薪炭林等用途,ICPH8、IC-PL87091可作蔬菜和粮食用,其中ICPL87091是一个比较有希望的品种.     

有机微肥施肥量对草莓产量和品质的影响

以红实美为供试材料,在土壤条件、栽培措施一致的情况下,进行田间试验,以清水为对照,通过测定各施肥量下草莓的各性状指标,研究有机微肥不同施肥量对草莓产量和品质的影响.结果表明:每株施用有机微肥15 mL为最适施用量.     

东北三省水稻穗上不同部位碾磨及外观品质的比较研究

为明确中国东北地区水稻品种品质的特点,以2007年辽宁、吉林、黑龙江三省水稻区域试验品种(品系)为试材,在栽培管理水平高、有代表性的沈阳、公主岭、五常区试点,对三省穗上不同部位碾磨及外观品质进行比较.结果表明,辽宁省品种糙米率和整精米率均居于三省之首;辽宁省品种精米率较高,略高于黑龙江和吉林,但三省之间差异不显著;粒长和长宽比呈现黑龙江>辽宁>吉林的趋势;吉林白度高于辽宁,显著高于黑龙江;垩白度和垩白率均为吉林略高于辽宁,二省均极显著高于黑龙江.     

水产品安全政府规制中存在的问题及对策研究

介绍了水产品安全政府规制的概况，分析了加强水产品安全政府规制的必然性与存在的问题，提出了应对措施。     

施硅对草莓光合特性和产量的影响

采取田间试验与室内分析相结合的方式,研究了施硅对露地栽培草莓的光合特性和产量的影响.结果表明:施硅可提高草莓叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)与胞间CO2(Ci)浓度,降低蒸腾速率(Tr),提高草莓植株对水分的利用;施硅可提高草莓单株结果数、平均单果重,降低畸形果数和病果数,进而明显地提高草莓产量,不同施硅处理和对照相比,增产幅度达到10.28%～29.24%,当施硅量为2.93 kg/667m2时,可获得最高产量.