家蚕产卵量的基因效应参数估计

用产卵量差异较大的两个近交系782和Ekp作亲本,配制了F1、F2正反交及F1与两亲本的回交B1和B2,加上两亲本P1和P2共8个世代,采用多世代平均值的多元回归分析方法对产卵量的基因效应参数进行了估计,得到了如下结果：（1）建立了分析家蚕产卵量的常染色体基因加性、显性和性染色体基因加性效应的非二体遗传模型,并通过实际数据检验表明产卵量遗传符合这个模式;（2）产卵量的遗传主要取决于常染色体上基因加性效应,其次是性染色体基因加性效应,显性效应很小。     

猕猴桃成熟果实中脂氧合酶基因的克隆

采用ＰＣＲ扩增方法,从成熟猕猴桃果实组织中克隆到一个８２４ｂｐ的脂氧合酶（ＬＯＸ）基因片段（ｐＫＬＣ１）,该片段含有２７５个氨基酸组成的开放阅读框架,它与拟南芥菜、黄瓜、豌豆、土豆、水稻、大豆、烟草和番茄的核苷酸同源性为５９．０％～７４．６％,氨基酸同源性为６３．１％～７６．３％。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交表明,ｐＫＬＣ１片段为一低拷贝数基因家族所编码。     

Decomposition of (1–3,1–4)-β-Glucan and Expression of the (1–3,1–4) -β-Glucanase Gene in Rice Stems during Ripening

Abstract

To elucidate the possible participation of hemicellulose decomposition in lodging resistance, we studied the change of hemicellulose and cellulose content in the stems of rice during the ripening stage by methylation analysis and the expression of related genes by Northern blotting. In the rice stem in ripening stage, content of (1-3,1-4)-β-glucan, a component of hemicellulose, decreased markedly although the content of arabinoxylan, a major component of hemicellulose, and cellulose showed little change during the same growth period. On the other hand, expression of the Gns 1 gene, which may encode (1-3,1-4) -β-glucanase that catalyzes the degradation of (1-3,14) -β-glucan, increased sharply in the stem. The mechanism of decomposition of (1-3,1-4) -β-glucan in rice stem and the possible association with lodging resistance is discussed.     

不同倍性虹鳟卵黄蛋白原的组织定位

采用分步沉淀法提纯虹鳟卵黄蛋白,以同发育期二倍体虹鳟为对照,用免疫组化法对不同发育阶段的三倍体虹鳟性腺、肝脏、血液和肠道进行卵黄蛋白原(Vg)的细胞化学定位研究.试验结果表明:所纯化蛋白为与卵黄蛋白原具有相似免疫原性的卵黄脂磷蛋白,呈雌性特异性.性腺发育Ⅲ～Ⅴ期的二倍体雌性虹鳟,血液和肝细胞呈卵黄蛋白原阳性,Ⅳ～Ⅴ期卵巢呈卵黄蛋白原阳性,各发育期肠组织呈卵黄蛋白原阴性;性腺发育至Ⅰ～Ⅴ期的三倍体雌雄虹鳟及雄性二倍体虹鳟,其性腺、肝脏、血液和肠道组织呈卵黄蛋白原阴性.二倍体虹鳟外源性卵黄蛋白原在肝细胞内合成,经血液运送至卵巢,最终在卵母细胞中形成卵黄颗粒.由于三倍体雌性虹鳟卵巢发育受阻,无滤泡细胞分化,生殖细胞与体细胞的互作缺失,不能分泌足量的17β-E2以诱导Vg的合成,因而肝脏的Vg阴性并不能说明肝脏不具备合成Vg的能力,从卵黄发生的角度分析,卵黄蛋白原的缺乏不是导致三倍体虹鳟雌性不育的原因,而是其卵泡败育的结果.     

基因多态性与牛疾病相关性的研究进展

基因多态性是指基因组序列上的变异,它是决定家畜对疾病易感性与抵抗力、疾病临床表现多样性以及不同个体对药物反应性的重要因素.研究基因多态性有利于定位和鉴定致病基因和疾病易感基因,使得从遗传学的角度控制疾病成为可能,从而达到减少家畜疾病防治的成本,改良家畜品种,为人类提供健康的动物产品的目的.笔者主要从抗病育种的角度综述了近年来基因多态性与牛疾病易感性和抗性的相关研究,并结合遗传信息学和表观遗传学,阐述家畜疾病控制的新进展.     

Correlation between intraventricular pressure and early phase proto-oncogene expression in volume overload rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of intraventricular pressure change by volume overload (VOL) on expression of proto-oncogene c-fos,c-jun,c-myc and egr-1. METHODS: Left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP) and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) of rat with VOL induced by aortacaval fistula operation and rats of control group were measured at 30 min, 1, 4, 6, 12 and 48 h after the operation,these mRNAs at the foregoing time points were measured by slot bloting method and quantified with densitometry. RESULTS: Be compared with the control group, VOL rats LVSP decreased (P＜0.05) and declined most remarkably at 48 h,LVEDP elevated significantly at 30 min (P＜0.05), reached a maximal value at 12 h and the levels of control group at 48 h (P＞0.05) after the operation.The proto-oncogene expression signals were not detected in the control,negative controls and VOL rats at 30 min after the operation. The c-fos,c-jun and egr-1 mRNA signals appeared earlier,at 1 h, and c-myc mRNA increased later at 4 h.All reached peak value at 4 h and then declined gradually.The c-fos mRNA were not detected at 48 h. The c-myc,c-0jun and egr-1 mRNA persisted throught the entire observation period from 1 h to 48 h. CONCLUSIONS: During VOL early phase the overload have effect on expression of the proto-oncogene mRNA,c-fos,c-jun and egr-1 mRNA appear earlier, c-myc later,egr-1,c-jun and c-myc persist longer period, but the expressions do not strengthen with the ventricule wall load increase.This sequential induction pattern may reflect the time course regularity of the proto-oncogenes expression induced by VOL,and indicate the proto-oncogenes expression initiate while the heart load accumulate some extent and duration and the load magnitude may not play a critical role.     

花生多胺氧化酶的组织化学定位及显微拍摄

报告了花生幼苗（苗龄为６ｄ）中多胺氧化酶的组织化学定位，并就该酶定位研究中的摄影问题提出了几点看法     

Relating tradable credits for biodiversity to sustainability criteria in a dynamic landscape

Tradable biodiversity credit systems provide flexible means to resolve conflicts between development and conservation land-use options for habitats occupied by threatened or endangered species. We describe an approach to incorporate the influence of habitat fragmentation into the conservation value of tradable credits. Habitat fragmentation decreases gene flow, increases rates of genetic drift and inbreeding, and increases probabilities of patch extinction. Importantly, tradable credit systems will change the level of fragmentation over time for small and/or declining populations. We apply landscape equivalency analysis (LEA), a generalizable, landscape-scale accounting system that assigns conservation value to habitat patches based on patch contributions to abundance and genetic variance at landscape scales. By evaluating habitat trades using two models that vary the relationship between dispersal behaviors and landscape patterns, we show that LEA provides a novel method for limiting access to habitat at the landscape-scale, recognizing that the appropriate amount of migration needed to supplement patch recruitment and to offset drift and inbreeding will vary as landscape pattern changes over time. We also found that decisions based on probabilities of persistence alone would ignore changes in migration, genetic drift, and patch extinction that result from habitat trades. The general principle of LEA is that habitat patches traded should make at least equivalent contributions to rates of recruitment and migration estimated at a landscape scale. Traditional approaches for assessing the “take” and “jeopardy” standards under the Endangered Species Act based on changes in abundance and probability of persistence may be inadequate to prevent trades that increase fragmentation.     

白菜型油菜双显性核不育896AB恢复系基因型的鉴定

以白菜型油菜双显性核不育896AB为材料，采用成对兄妹交和相应可育株自交，验证显性不育基因的遗传;用恢复系与全不育系测交，测交一代与临保系复交，验证显性恢复基因的抑制作用，并区分F2代育性分离为3:1和13:3的遗传类型。经4个年度的研究认为，育性是由一对显性不育基因MSMS和一对显性可育基因RfRf互作控制，且显性可育基