非淀粉多糖酶制剂在动物营养中的研究进展

谷物中非淀粉多糖导致日粮养分消化率和饲养效果降低,限制了谷物在饲料中的应用。本文详细论述了非淀粉多糖酶制剂消除非淀粉多糖抗营养作用的机理,对养分消化率和动物生产性能的影响以及对作用底物定量关系的研究,存在的问题及今后的研究方向。非淀粉多糖酶制剂在提高谷类籽实饲料的利用效率,开发利用非常规饲料资源方面有着巨大的应用前景。     

姬松茸水溶性粗多糖对镉中毒小鼠血液指标的影响

为观察姬松茸水溶性粗多糖对镉中毒小鼠血液系统的影响，将60只SPF级雄性健康小白鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、试验组1、试验组2和试验组3共5组，模型组与3个试验组采用同一水平镉染毒，但同时对3个试验组给予不同剂量的姬松茸水溶性粗多糖溶液进行保护，试验日程为5周，试验结束时对各组小鼠采血，检测各项血液指标。结果显示，模型组小鼠的血液指标红细胞数（RBC）、血红蛋白浓度（HGB）、血细胞比容（HCT）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量（MCH）、平均红细胞血色素浓度（MCHC）显著低于对照组的相应指标；与模型组相比，给予高剂量姬松茸水溶性粗多糖的试验组3的血液指标RBC、HGB、HCT、MCV、MCH、MCHC均显著提高，而白细胞数（WBC）、小型白细胞数（Lym）和中型白细胞数（Mid）则显著下降。证实，重金属镉能够损伤小鼠的血液系统，但高剂量姬松茸水溶性粗多糖对镉的损伤具有防止作用。     

Effect of dietary non-starch polysaccharide solubility and inclusion level on gut health and the risk of post weaning enteric disorders in newly weaned piglets

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) solubility and inclusion rate on gut health and development, performance and risk of post weaning enteric disorders (PWED) using NSP sources known not to affect digesta viscosity. The experiment consisted of a 2 × 3 factorial combination of NSP type (sNSP vs insoluble NSP (iNSP); inulin vs purified cellulose) and inclusion level (50 vs 100 vs 150 g/kg). Piglets were weaned at 28 days (day 0) and fed ad libitum until slaughter on day 14. There were no incidences of PWED. NSP solubility had little effect on performance, but sNSP diets resulted in lower caecal and colonic pH and higher colonic Lactobacilli to coliform ratio compared to iNSP diets. Increasing NSP levels significantly reduced caecal and colonic pH but decreased empty body weight percentage (P = 0.067). These results suggest that gut health may benefit most from diets containing appropriate sources of predominantly sNSP rather than iNSP. The optimal level of such sNSP will likely depend upon the level of risk of PWED in order to balance the trade off between maximising performance and improving gut health. Effects of NSP feeding under a higher infectious pressure remains to be assessed.     

Effects of different types of dietary non-digestible carbohydrates on the physico-chemical properties and microbiota of proximal colon digesta of growing pigs

The effect of different types of fibre on the intestinal digesta and microbial diversity was evaluated in growing pigs. The animals were fed during forty-two days with one of four experimental diets including a control group, a diet enriched with resistant starch type I, by coarse ground corn, and other two diets containing sugar beet pulp (8%) and wheat bran (10%) (as sources of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharides respectively). Body weight (BW) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were assessed at day 7, 21 and 42. Luminal samples of digesta from proximal colon were collected to analyse water retention capacity (WRC), concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and the microbial diversity. Overall, animals fed with higher amounts of non-digestible carbohydrates had lower ADFI and BW. Sugar beet pulp provoked an increase of WRC, a higher concentration of SCFA, and a more stable microbial diversity throughout the experimental period. On the other hand, animals fed with wheat bran presented a lower bacterial diversity.     

中草药和芦荟多糖对肉仔鸡肠道微生态、免疫功能及生产性能的影响

研究了中草药添加剂、芦荟多糖对肉仔鸡肠道主要菌群、小肠微绒毛密度、免疫功能及生产性能的影响.结果表明,肉仔鸡饲粮中添加中草药、芦荟多糖,能显著降低盲肠内容物大肠杆菌浓度,提高盲肠内双歧杆菌和乳酸菌杆菌浓度(P＜0.05);回肠微绒毛高度增加、密度加大(P＜0.05);免疫器官胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊相对质量均显著增加,新城疫抗体效价显著提高(P＜0.05);添加中草药、中草药 芦荟多糖显著提高了肉仔鸡的日增重和降低了料肉比(P＜0.05).     

中药黄芪在家禽生产中的应用研究

文章概述了中药免疫增强剂黄芪在家禽生产中的应用现状,并对其作用机制进行阐述,为进一步深入研究指明方向。     

药用真菌菌丝体产SOD的研究初探

本文对9种药用及食用真菌菌丝体中SOD的同功酶进行了初步的研究．并以云芝为实验对象研究了真菌菌丝体生长与SOD活性的关系．结果表明：不同真菌来源的SOD之间同功酶组成存在较大差异：云芝菌丝体液体发酵结果显示，菌丝体的生长过程包括生长迟滞期、迅速生长期及衰亡期三个阶段．在迅速生长期后期可以获得大量富含SOD的云芝菌丝体。     

日本肯定列表制度对我国出口食用菌的影响和对策

分析了日本肯定列表制度、我国出口食用菌的现状和问题以及肯定列表制度对我国出口食用菌的影响．提出了加强农残监控、强化原料基地管理、严格卫生注册登记管理、加强农资销售市场管理、加强食用菌农药使用的研究与指导、完善标准体系6个方面的应对措施。     

猪苓菌丝体多糖对小鼠免疫水平的影响

通过人工液体浅层培养方式培养猪苓菌丝体，用热水浸提法提取猪苓菌丝体多糖（PPS1），经纯化测定其糖含量，用红外光谱分析鉴定多糖，纯化鉴定的PPS1，通过小鼠进行腹腔单核巨噬细胞功能测定试验、E玫瑰花环试验、足跖肿胀厚度试验、淋巴细胞转化试验、EAC花环试验等5项免疫学试验初步探讨其免疫药理学作用，同时与猪苓菌核多糖（PPS2）进行比较。试验数据经统计学分析显示，E玫瑰花环试验中PPS1与空白对照组相比差异显著（P〈0．05）；腹腔单核巨噬细胞功能测定试验、足跖肿胀厚度试验、淋巴细胞转化试验覆EAC花环试验PPS1与空白对照组相比差异极显著（P〈0.01）；5项免疫学试验PPS1与PPS2相比差异均不显著。结果表明，PPS1能明显提高小鼠的免疫功能。