多效唑对八仙花组培苗营养生长及成花的影响

以八仙花1、2 a生组织培养苗为试验对象,研究了多效唑不同浓度、不同施药时间、不同施药次数对八仙花组培苗促成栽培中其植株营养生长及成花的影响.结果表明:施用浓度和时间是多效唑抑制八仙花组培苗植株营养生长促进其生殖生长的关键,7月中旬以浓度100～150 mg/L的多效唑溶液对八仙花1、2 a生组织培养苗进行叶面喷施,最有利于其花芽分化,成花率高,且从株型、花形花色等各项指标综合考虑,多效唑对促进八仙花2a生组培苗成花效果更显著.施药次数也影响八仙花组培苗营养生长和成花,连续施药3次对抑制其营养生长促进成花效果最佳.     

Growth and development of Lilium longiflorum ‘Nellie White’ during bulb production under controlled environments : II. Effects of shifting day/night temperature regimes on scale bulblets

One-year old scale bulblets of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. ‘Nellie White’ (Easter lily) were grown for 107 days during growth period 1 (GP-1) in six growth chambers under constant day/night temperature regimes of 30/26, 26/22, 22/18, 18/14, 14/10 and 10/6 °C. Subsequently, half of the plants in each temperature regime were transferred to 18/14 °C and the other half continued at the six constant temperature regimes. Both groups of plants were grown for an additional 89 days in growth period 2 (GP-2). Continuous temperatures of 26/22, 26/22–22/18 and 26/22–18/14 °C produced the greatest increase in basal bulb fresh weight (the main planted bulb), basal bulb circumference and stem bulb fresh weight, respectively. However, shifting these optimal temperatures to 18/14 °C during GP-2 resulted in a lower increase in basal bulb fresh weight and circumference. The optimum range for stem bulb production was expanded to 30/26–14/10 °C by shifting to 18/14 °C. The greatest increase for basal root growth occurred at 14/10–10/6 °C and for stem root growth at 14/10 °C. The temperature shift did not affect either root type. Maximum increase for stem length was at 26/22 and 22/18 °C and for stem plus leaf weight at 14/10 °C under constant temperature regimes. Transferring the plants from 10/6 to 18/14 °C resulted in the greatest increase in stem length and from 10/6 and 14/10 to 18/14 °C in the greatest increase in stem plus leaf weight. The greatest increase in the number of leaves occurred at 26/22 and 10/6 °C, but this growth parameter was unaffected by shifting to 18/14 °C, indicating that leaf number was determined in GP-1. Bulbils developed only when bulbs at high GP-1 temperature regimes (30/26 and 26/22 °C) were transferred to 18/14 °C during GP-2. Lower temperatures tended to favor an increase in flower bud production under continuous temperature regimes, while shifting to 18/14 °C increased flower bud production after initially high and low temperatures. Meristem abortion was greatest at 30/26 °C followed by 26/22 °C, but was not affected by temperature shifts in GP- 2. Thus, it is concluded that the abortion was induced or initiated during GP-1.     

郁金香花期调控技术研究进展

该文简要介绍了郁金香花期调控的主要关键技术,总结近些年有关温度、光照和激素等调控郁金香花期的研究,阐明了郁金香花期调控技术研究的概况,并结合自身的研究实践,对郁金香花期调控研究存在的问题、未来的研究方向及其应用前景进行了展望。     

开花苦竹的复壮技术

本文是大面积开花苦竹Pleioblastus spp.复壮技术试验的总结。经过1984—1988年5年的试验,取得了明显的效果,试验结果表明:1.削草松土加施尿素是苦竹复壮最有效措施,试验第五年(即1988年)的新竹,木苦竹(PL.amarus(Keng)Keng t.)每亩立竹量达3196株,平均地径2.09厘米,平均高度445.8厘米,蓄积达2237.2公斤,与封山育竹12年的竹林比较,立竹量增长4.74倍,蓄积量增长7.48倍;同期,青苦竹(PL.amarus var PendulifoliusS.Y.Chen)立竹量每亩比封山12年的竹林增长2.462倍,蓄积量增长2.13倍。2.削山松土是苦竹提前复壮的基本措施。采取这一方法,5年就可使竹林恢复正常生长,其88年木苦竹每亩立竹量达到1908株,平均地径1.77厘米,平均高度395.7厘米,蓄积达954公斤,比封山12年的竹林每亩立竹量增长2.831倍,蓄积量增长4.04倍;同期,青苦竹立竹量比封山12年的竹林每亩增长1.657倍,蓄积量增长1.289倍,复壮时间可比封山提前5—6年。     

空气湿度对澳洲坚果开花座果和果实生长的影响

花期的澳洲坚果植株随着空气湿度的降低,其花粉育性降低、座果率及光合产物(叶绿素含量、总糖含量和淀粉含量)下降、幼果生长速度减慢。试验结果表明:空气湿度的降低导致叶片光合作用能力下降,干物质积累少,生物产量降低,花粉萌发率低、花粉管生长速度慢,造成花期不遇、授粉受精不良、座果率低,最后造成产量降低。不同品种受空气湿度胁迫的影响程度不同,品种的内部生理特性、花粉育性以及产量都存在差异。澳洲坚果生长的适宜空气湿度为日平均空气湿度在50%以上。     

Are Phenological Observations Sufficient to Estimate the Quality of Seed Crops from a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eucalyptus grandis</Emphasis> Open-pollinated Seed Orchard? Consequences for Seed Collections

Reproductive phenology was observed over three years in a Eucalyptus grandis seed orchard in Madagascar to determine the impact of geographic differences of parental selections on the expected genetic composition of seed crops. Pollen flow (observed pollen cloud) was deduced from a paternity assignment based on sampling from one year’s seed production. The two approaches were used to verify whether knowledge of phenology is sufficient to predict the genetic quality of the seeds collected. Despite the high flowering level, with a constant cycle over three years, the results demonstrated wide reproductive phenological differences associated with the parents’ origin, suggesting putative pollination disequilibrium. From both observed and expected pollen clouds, the results showed preferential mating among different provenances, which has consequences for seed crop composition. Phenological observations, which can be made inexpensively, can be used to promote methods of effective seed orchard management in order to improve the genetic quality of seeds.     

云南含笑开花生物学特性的初步研究

依据云南含笑产区和引种区调查观测材料,分析研究了云南含笑开花的生物学特性。结果表明,云南含笑是木兰科植物系统发育上一个很自然而又比较进化的种,分布于云南中部以及西北部的是比较原始的种群,分布于贵州的云南含笑是比较进化而年轻的种群。云南含笑观赏价值和经济价值高,可作为园林树种及香料树种加以推广应用。本文为今后的推广应用提供了相关参考分析依据。     

白藤花粉采集时间及萌发条件的初步研究

对白藤开花习性、花粉采集时间及萌发条件进行了初步研究,结果表明：在白藤开花盛期,日开花高峰期集中在早晨4：00～8：00,其中6：00开放的花朵占当日开花总数的62．36％,其他时段开花量极少;上午8：30～11：30收集的花粉萌发力最强;在25％蔗糖液体培养基中和35℃下培养6h,花粉萌发与生长效果最佳。     

温度调控对北方盆栽蓝莓开花的影响

以北方盆栽蓝莓美登和北蓝为研究对象,通过人为温度控制,促使盆栽蓝莓提前开花。研究表明,盆栽美登(Blomidon)在需冷量达到1200h,盆栽北蓝(Northern blue)在需冷量达到1000h情况下,可以通过温度调控,打破盆栽蓝莓休眠期,达到提前开花的目的。     

竹子试管苗开花的初步研究

麻竹试管苗经3年在高浓度BA的培养基中培养，保存下来的16个无性系都出现开花现象，开花迟早跟无性系的繁芽能力有关，繁芽能力强的无性系较早开花，繁芽能力弱的无性系较迟开花。但这样诱导出来的花质量不好，不能用于授粉。当降低培养基中BA的用量，增加KT、NAA、椰乳，使花芽在营养比较丰富的培养基上培养，花的质量得到明显改善，但也伴随着出现书柜生殖生长向营养生长逆转的现象，逆转的程度与KT的用量有关，当KT0．5mg/l时只表现花枝增长，当KT1．25mg/l时，花枝上长出许多新的营养枝。这一现象表明细胞分裂素BA、KT在竹子组织培养过程中的作用不是完全相同的，BA有利于花芽分化，而KT则有利于营养生长的改善。