青海双峰驼的血清同工酶酶谱

采用聚丙烯酰胺胺凝胶电泳法对６４峰青海双峰驼的四种血清同工酶酶谱进行研究。结果表明：（１）酯酶呈现单一的ＥＳａ型；（２）淀粉酶由ＡＭＹ１，ＡＭＹ２和ＡＷＭＹ３三种同工酶组成单一酶谱；（３）乳酸脱氢酶和碱性磷酸酶同工酶酶谱存在年龄差异；（４）成年驼和幼年驼的碱性磷酸酶均有不同的同工酶酶谱。     

藏野驴与家驴血清同工酶的比较研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对藏野驴与家驴４种血清同工酶进行比较研究。结果发现，除ＬＤＨ同工酶以外，藏野驴与家驴的酯酶、淀粉酶和碱性磷酸酶酶谱都有颇大的差异。     

四种嵩草属植物叶片酯酶和过氧化物酶同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术，对四种嵩草属植物－小嵩草（ｋｏｂｒｅｓｉａｐｙｇｍ－ａｅａ）、矮嵩草（Ｋ．ｈｕｍｉｌｉｓ）线叶嵩草（Ｋ．ｃａｐｉｌｌｉｆｏｌｉａ）和嵩草（Ｋ．ｂｅｌｌａｄｉｉ）的叶片酯酶和过氧化物酶同工酶进行分析。试验结果显示，四个种的酯酶同工酶泳动成两大区域，Ｒｆ值分别为０．３８～０．８６和０．０８，过氧化物酶同工酶泳动形成５个区域，Ｒｆ值分别为０．９７，０．６８～０．７７，０．５２～０．６３，０．２９～０．３７和０．０８。酶谱比较结果表明，嵩草和线叶嵩草亲缘关系较近，而二者同小嵩草、矮嵩草间，以及小嵩草同矮嵩草之间亲缘关系较远。     

家蚕滞育卵中酯酶A_4的生理作用研究

家蚕卵中酯酶A_4与滞育发育具有密切的关系。研究表明:此酶具有较低的水解专一性,是一种广泛作用于生物体内各种酯键的酶。酯酶A_4能水解结合型胆甾醇的酯键,并且其活性表现与滞育发育的时间进程相一致。酯酶A_4对cAMP的水解作用表现为两个峰,而对cGMP的水解作用,在精制后第10—13日间活性高于其它时间,但变化较缓慢。     

姬松茸菌株种质资源多样性的初步研究

选用19个姬松茸菌株,测定了菌丝生长速度、酯酶同工酶酶谱和菌株间的拮抗反应。试验结果表明,所有供试菌株可分为两类,第一类有2号、J1和J2,其余16个菌株为第二类;同工酶试验中,所有菌株在Rf=0．744和0．906处出现两条稳定一致的共有酶带。     

Effect of dihydrodillapiole on pyrethroid resistance associated esterase inhibition in an Indian population of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)

Resistance in Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) has been attributed to enhanced detoxification of insecticides by increased levels of esterases, oxidases and/or glutathione S-transferases. Enzyme inhibiting insecticide synergists can be employed to counter increased levels of such enzymes in S. litura. Dihydrodillapiole induced synergism of pyrethroid toxicity was examined in the laboratory-reared third instar larval population of S. litura collected in Delhi (susceptible), and Guntur (resistant) region of Andhra Pradesh, India. The Guntur population was found to be 7.04 and 10.19 times resistant to cypermethrin and lambdacyhalothrin, respectively. The activity of cypermethrin, lambdacyhalothrin and profenophos against susceptible and resistance populations of S. litura, was gradually increased when used along with a plant-derived insecticide synergist dihydrodillapiole. The α-naphthyl acetate hydrolysable esterase activity in Delhi population was less as compared to the Guntur population. Resistance associated esterases in Delhi population were inhibited by pre-treatment with dihydrodillapiole. The esterase level in insect was instantly reduced initially, sustained for about 3 h and equilibrated at 4 h post treatment. The esterase activity of Guntur population was increased to 1.28 μmoles/mg/min at 2 h post treatment and subsequently reduced to lower than 0.70 μmoles at 4-12 h post treatment. The variation in esterase activity is suggestive of its homeostatic regulation in test populations. Dihydrodillapiole thus caused significant reduction of resistance in S. litura to cypermethrin, lambda cyhalothrin and profenophos.     

Variation of acephate susceptibility and correlation with esterase and glutathione S-transferase activities in field populations of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris

The tarnished plant bug (TPB) has increasingly become an economically important pest of cotton. Heavy dependence on insecticides, particularly organophosphates and pyrethroids, for TPB control facilitated resistance development to multiple classes of insecticides. To better understand resistance and explore ways to monitor resistance in field populations, this study examined acephate susceptibility and the activities of two major detoxification enzymes in nine field populations collected in the Delta region of Mississippi and Arkansas in 2010. Two Arkansas populations from Reed and Backgate had 3.5- and 4.3-fold resistance to acephate, as compared to a susceptible laboratory strain. Extensive planting of cotton and heavy chemical sprays is a major driving force for resistance development to acephate in Mid-south cotton growing areas. Reduced susceptibility to acephate was highly correlated with elevated esterase activities. The acephate-resistant populations from Backgate, Lula, and Reed consistently had higher (up to 5.3-fold) esterase activities than susceptible populations. Regression analysis of LC₅₀s with kinetic esterase activities revealed a significant polynomial quadratic relationship with R² up to 0.89. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) also had elevated activity in most populations, but the variations of GST activities were not significantly correlated with changes of acephate susceptibility. Finally, examination of esterase and GST inhibitors indicated that suppression rates (up to 70%) by two esterase inhibitors in 2010 were slightly lower than those detected in 2006, and ethacrynic acid (EA) inhibited GST effectively in both years. Two other GST inhibitors (sulfobromophthalein and diethyl maleate) displayed significantly lower suppression rates in 2010 than those detected in 2006, suggesting a potential genetic shift in pest populations and a necessity of continued monitoring for insecticide resistance with both bioassay and biochemical approaches. Results indicated that using major detoxification enzyme activities for resistance monitoring may provide insight into acephate resistance in field populations of TPB.     

Cd~(2+)处理下超氧阴离子与花生萌发的关系

[目的]阐明Cd2+对花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)种子萌发的作用以及花生萌发过程中超氧阴离子(O2-.)含量的变化与酯酶同工酶、淀粉同工酶的关系。[方法]分别采用组织化学定位和电泳技术。[结果]10、30μmol/L Cd2+处理对花生胚根和下胚轴有显著的促进生长作用,使花生子叶中酯酶同工酶和淀粉同工酶活性增强,子叶以及胚根O2-.含量提高。[结论]酯酶同工酶和淀粉同工酶活性的提高与Cd2+诱导的超氧阴离子的提高相关。     

宝巾(Bougainvillea spp.)种质资源同工酶的遗传多样性分析

[目的]分析深圳本地12种宝巾种质资源的遗传多样性。[方法]利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法研究宝巾种质资源过氧化物同工酶(POD)和酯酶同工酶(EST)的遗传多样性,并对统计结果进行聚类分析。[结果]各宝巾种质资源间有丰富的遗传多样性,在相似系数为0.63水平上可以聚为2大类。[结论]同工酶的特征谱带应用于品种鉴定是可行的,在一定程度上明确了各宝巾品种的亲缘关系。     

中国赖草[Leymus chinensis（Trin）Tzval]与普通小麦（T. aestivum L.）杂交及其后代小 - 赖麦（Triticum - Leymus）的研究

中国赖草（Leymus chinensis）为中国特有,用它与普通小麦（T. aestivum）杂交并经连续选育已获得小 - 赖麦（Triticum-Leymus）新种质7个品系,主要特点是高蛋白质、高赖氨酸含量和抗条锈、叶锈及白粉病。细胞学研究结果：F#-2时在1个完整细胞内只有1,2,3,4,6……等少数染色体,还有大环、长链、桥、落后染色体等异常现象。1987年观察了大量花粉母细胞（13892个）及根尖细胞（435个）染色体,从中筛选出7个品系,其2n=43 - 49者占75.63%,其中n = 22Ⅱ和2n = 49各占90%以上者各有2个品系。叶片酯酶同工酶分析结果表明杂种品系具有双亲互补酶带。