荠菜人工栽培技术

荠菜又名护生菜、地米菜等,为十字花科荠属植物。荠菜以幼嫩的茎叶供食用,营养价值高,具有特殊的香味。据测定：每100 g幼嫩茎叶含蛋白质2.7g、脂肪0.4 g、碳水化合物1.6 g,同时含有人体所需的胡萝卜素、核黄素、抗坏血酸、维生素E、氨基酸及多种微量元素。     

Alleviation of Chromium Toxicity by Silicon Addition in Rice Plants

The alleviatory effect of silicon (Si) on chromium (Cr) toxicity to rice plants was investigated using a hydroponic experiment with two Cr levels (0 and 100 μmol L-1),three Si levels (0,1.25,and 2.5 mmol L-1) and two rice genotypes,differing in grain Cr accumulation (Dan K5,high accumulation and Xiushui 113,low accumulation).The results showed that 100 μmol L-1 Cr treatment caused a marked reduction of seedling height,dry biomass,soluble protein content,and root antioxidant enzyme activity,whereas significantly increased Cr concentration and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances)content.However,the reductions of seedling height,dry biomass,and soluble content were greatly alleviated due to Si addition to the culture solution.Compared with the plants treated with Cr alone,Si addition markedly reduced Cr uptake and translocation in rice plants.No significant differences were observed between the two Si treatments (1.25 and 2.5 mmol L-1) in shoot Cr concentration and Cr translocation factor.Under the treatment of 100 μmol L-1 Cr+2.5 mmol L-1 Si,higher root Cr concentration but lower shoot Cr concentration and Cr translocation factor were observed in Dan K5 than those in Xiushui 113,indicating that the beneficial effect of Si on inhibiting Cr translocation was more pronounced in Dan K5 than in Xiushui 113.Si addition also alleviated the reduction of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in leaves; catalase (CAT) and APX in roots) and the increase of TBARS content in the Crstressed plants.Furthermore,the beneficial effects of Si on activities of antioxidative enzymes under Cr stress were genotype-dependent.The highest activities of SOD,POD (guaiacol peroxidase),CAT,and APX in leaves occurred in the treatment of 100 μmol L-1 Cr+2.5 mmol L-1 Si for Xiushui 113 and in the treatment of 100 μmol L-1 Cr+1.25 mmol L-1 Si for Dan K5.The beneficial effect of Si on alleviating oxidative stress was much more pronounced in Dan K5 than in Xiushui 113.It may be concluded that Si alleviates Cr toxicity mainly through inhibiting the uptake and translocation of Cr and enhancing the capacity of defense against oxidative stress induced by Cr toxicity.     

巴西橡胶树抗坏血酸过氧化酶基因HbAPX的克隆及其对水杨酸的应答

在对橡胶树转录组进行测序的基础上,利用模式植物中抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(Ascorbate peroxidase,APX)基因的氨基酸序列进行比对并设计引物,通过RT-PCR方法扩增巴西橡胶树APX基因的cDNA片段,命名为HbAPX.该片段包含1个858核苷酸的开放阅读框,编码285个氨基酸的多肽.生物信息学分析结果表明...     

抗坏血酸还原法测定工作场所空气中的磷酸含量

为了建立工作场所空气中磷酸含量的测定方法,利用磷酸与钼酸铵生成磷钼酸铵,抗坏血酸再将磷钼酸铵还原生成蓝色络合物的性质,对抗坏血酸还原法进行了优化。结果表明:空气样品中加入4.5 mol/L硫酸溶液4.0 mL、40 g/L钼酸铵溶液1.0 mL、17 g/L抗坏血酸溶液1.5 mL,沸水浴显色反应25 min,最后在815 nm波长处进行检测,磷酸检出限为0.016μg/mL,最低检出浓度为0.011μg/mL(以采集75 L空气样品计),测定范围2~200μg,回收率98.0%~101.7%。该方法简单快捷、灵敏度高、试剂用量少,适合工作场所空气中的磷酸含量测定。     

壳聚糖和抗坏血酸复合处理提高台湾青枣采后保鲜效果

为了延长台湾青枣(Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.)的采后保鲜时间,基于抗坏血酸(ascorbic acid,As A)可提高果实抗氧化能力,壳聚糖涂膜处理能防止果实失水和微生物侵染,该文探讨抗坏血酸、壳聚糖涂膜及抗坏血酸和壳聚糖复合处理对台湾青枣(Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.)采后保鲜效果的影响.果实采收后当天,分别用30.0mmol/L抗坏血酸浸泡处理、8g/L壳聚糖涂膜以及30.0mmol/L抗坏血酸浸泡后并用8g/L壳聚糖涂膜复合处理,以双蒸水浸泡处理为对照,处理结束后,置于(25±1)℃和90%~95%相对湿度下贮藏,定期测定果实相关生理参数,扫描电镜观察果皮果实组织结构.结果表明,与对照相比,抗坏血酸或壳聚糖单独处理虽然对台湾青枣保鲜有一定效果,但复合处理后保鲜效果更好.表现为显著减少果实失水率和相对电导率(P<0.05),抑制果皮叶绿素降解及果实果胶酶和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性增加,降低原果胶分解成可溶性果胶的速率(P<0.05),使果实硬度和细胞完整性得以维持;延缓果实超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性下降,降低膜脂氧化速率,果实过氧化氢和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛含量显著下降(P<0.05);维持果实较高的可溶性固形物(total soluble solids,SS)、可溶性总糖(total soluble sugar,TSS)、可滴定酸(titratable acidity,TA)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)及抗坏血酸含量.研究结果说明,抗坏血酸和壳聚糖复合处理可提高台湾青枣贮藏过程中的抗氧化能力,降低氧化伤害;降低果实失水率,减缓果皮叶绿素降解速率,延缓细胞降解和软化速率,维持果实细胞完整性,降低果实的腐烂率,从而达到延长采后果实保鲜的效果.     

UV-B对人工气候室内黄瓜苗期生长、生理及抗氧化系统的影响

紫外线(UV-B)是植物生长发育的关键信号因子.过量或缺少UV-B都会影响作物的抗性、产量和品质.然而,目前植物工厂中适宜黄瓜生长的UV-B强度尚不明确.以黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)苗期植株为材料,研究不同强度UV-B对人工气候室内黄瓜苗期植株生长、生理和抗氧化系统的影响.结果表明:与对照相比,UV-B处理黄瓜植株高度降低4.2%~32.0%,叶片中可溶性蛋白含量降低14.2%~28.2%.3.33μmol/(m2·s)UV-B处理植株茎粗增加13.6%~22.3%,叶片中可溶性糖的含量增加22.7%~56.7%,同时激活抗氧化系统,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别提高16.9%~23.2%,23.8%~25.9%,34.1%~50.4%,抗坏血酸含量增加27.4%~36.4%.由此可知,3.33μmol/(m2·s)UV-B有利于人工气候室中黄瓜苗期植株的生长发育、抗氧化酶活性提高及抗氧化物质生成.     

反丁烯二酸-6-L-抗坏血酸甲酯的合成及其性能研究

[目的]采用直接酯化法,合成反丁烯二酸-6-L-抗坏血酸甲酯（Vc酯）。[方法]对反应条件进行优化,合成产率可达53．45％,并对产物的抗氧化性能和抑菌效果进行了测定。[结果]反丁烯二酸-6-L-抗坏血酸甲酯具有优良的抗油脂氧化性能,抑菌活性优于苯甲酸钠和山梨酸钾。[结论]反丁烯二酸-6-L-抗坏血酸甲酯是一种具有广泛开发前景的食品添加剂。     

Grafting Enhances Copper Tolerance of Cucumber Through Regulating Nutrient Uptake and Antioxidative System

An experiment was carried out to determine plant growth, mineral uptake, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzymes, and antioxidant of cucumber plants （Cucumis sativus L. cv. Xintaimici） under copper stress, either ungrafted or grafted onto the rootstock （Cucurbitaficifolia）. Excess Cu inhibited growth, photosynthesis, and pigment synthesis of grafted and ungrafted cucumber seedlings and significantly increased accumulation of Cu in roots besides reducing mineral uptake. Cu concentration in roots of grafted cucumber plants was significantly higher than that of ungrafted plants and obviously lower in leaves. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species （ROS） significantly increased in cucumber leaves under Cu stress and resulted in lipid peroxidation, and the levels of ROS and lipid peroxidation were greatly decreased by grafting. Activities of protective enzymes （superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; dehydroascorbate reductase, DHAR; glutathione reductase, GR） and the contents of ascorbate and glutathione in leaves of grafted plants were significantly higher than those of ungrafted plants under Cu stress. Better performance of grafted cucumber plants were attributed to the higher ability of Cu accumulation in their roots, better nutrient status, and the effective scavenging system of ROS.     

维生素C的生理作用及在动物生产中的应用

维生素C又称抗坏血酸,在自然界中以还原形式L-抗坏血酸和氧化形式L-脱氧抗坏血酸存在。大部分维生素C以还原形式存在,这种还原形式的维生素C在动物体内具有重要的生理作用。到目前,国内外许多科学家和学者就维生素C对畜禽、鱼类的生理作用,及在饲料中的应用作了大量研究,现就此对其作以介绍。     

过氧化氢酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶对镉胁迫下水稻根系生长的影响

[目的]研究过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）与镉胁迫水稻根系生长发育的关系。[方法]以水稻中花11号为材料,研究Cd、Cd＋CAT抑制剂和Cd＋APX抑制剂处理条件下水稻幼苗的变化。[结果]在Cd胁迫下,抑制CAT活性,导致地上部分的生长受到显著抑制,引起不定根和侧根数量的减少,但显著促进了不定根和侧根的伸长生长;同时,初生根和不定根上第一侧根距根尖的距离也比对照的增加。抑制APX活性,水稻的生长变化与CAT抑制剂处理的类似。[结论]在正常和胁迫条件下CAT和APX对水稻的生长可能具有重要的调节作用。