Efficacy of Different Control Methods Applied Separately and in Combination in Managing Root-knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in Common Beans

Investigations on the efficacy of various methods of managing root-knot nematodes in microplots and under field conditions revealed that soil solarization, Furadan 5G and Tagetes erecta applied separately or in combination with other control methods, were the most effective in reducing the numbers of three root-knot nematodes, and root gall and egg mass indices. These management methods also resulted in significant increases (P0.05) in number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight, and increased seed yield by up to 96.7 percent. Farmyard manure and Crotalaria ochroleuca were the least effective treatments. The use of T. erecta was the most economical root-knot nematode control method.     

不同育秧方式对稻瘟病发生为害的影响

不同育秧方式对比试验的结果显示,秧田期在接种菌源条件下,旱育秧叶瘟较水育秧发生早、为害重;大田期在不防治条件下,旱育秧叶瘟、穗瘟发生为害显著轻于水育秧。说明在防止菌源进入的前提下,旱育秧是控制稻瘟病的一项好措施。     

草坪害虫的发生特点及其防治方法

本文报道了草坪害虫的发生特点及其防治方法。     

部分梨品种基因组DNA不同提取方法的比较

以不同梨品种为材料,分别采用改良CTAB法、改良SDS法、SDS-CTAB和高盐低pH值法对梨基因组DNA进行了提取.结果表明：采用改良CTAB法在提取各种梨基因组DNA过程中表现最好且纯度最高;SDS法提取的基因组DNA产率最高,但纯度较低;高盐低pH值法产率和纯度均最低.     

猪尿液中抗菌药物快速筛选拭子法的建立

为防止抗菌药物在动物性食品中的残留,以枯草芽孢杆菌为受试菌,建立一种检测活体动物尿液中抗菌药物残留的快速筛选拭子法,进行宰前活体检疫.添加试验测定猪尿液中5类抗菌药物最低检测限分别为:β-内酰胺类青霉素和氨苄青霉素均为0.05mg/L;氨基糖苷类庆大霉素0.05mg/L、新霉素0.4mg/L;四环素类金霉素0.1mg/L;大环内酯类红霉素0.05mg/L和氟喹诺酮类恩诺沙星0.2mg/L.各抗菌药物添加回收率范围均在64.0%～107.7%,变异系数均小于15%.假阴性结果显示,除青霉素(5%)和氨苄青霉素(4%)出现假阴性外,红霉素、庆大霉素、新霉素、恩诺沙星和金霉素均未出现假阴性.与国外同类试剂盒比较,结果显示两者对10种抗菌药物的检测限一致.     

Repeated grading of weed abundance and multivariate methods to improve the efficacy of on-farm weed control trials

We evaluated whether new information could be drawn from additional data collection and unconventional statistical analyses of an on-farm trial. First, we compared a conventional sampling method using a biomass estimate of weed abundance to repeated visual assessment of the percentage ground cover of weeds. The biomass was sampled once after the treatment, whereas the ground cover was repeatedly sampled once before weed control plus several occasions after weed control. Second, we contrasted the outcomes from analysis of variance ( anova ), taking samples from a single point in time with repeated measures (rm) anova and a multivariate method. As the outcomes and conclusions drawn were relatively similar, we conclude that the ground cover estimate of weed abundance was as reliable as the biomass estimate. The rm anova enabled us to follow the temporal trend in response to treatments in the most abundant species, including possible initial differences. Multivariate analysis went even further, by clearly displaying species-wise responses and treatment selectivity.     

土壤中花蓟马蛹的检测方法

本文对花蓟马属（Frankliniella）蛹期在土壤中存在的状态以及存在的时间进行了描述,并用直接镜检、干燥漂浮镜检、生物饲养检测等方法对土壤中蓟马蛹的检测方法进行了初步研究.生物饲养法能有效检出存在于土壤中的花蓟马蛹.     

草酸法筛选油菜抗菌核病材料的效果及其影响因素

作者研究了影响油菜对毒素草酸抗性的一些因素以及运用毒素草酸法筛选抗力核病材料的效果,结果表明,油菜苗期用草酸浸根后,苗病害严重分别随温度,草酸浓度和草酸处理时间的增加而增大,随湿度,苗龄的增大而减小,在用草酸法鉴定品种的抗性时,草酸浓度１０～１５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ温度１８～２８℃,相对湿度８０％～９０％和自然光照对２～５片真叶期苗适合。用草酸浸根和浸叶法筛选油菜抗病材料的效果明显,用草酸浸叶筛选的８个品     

Foliar Application of Glycinebetaine and Salicylic Acid Improves Growth,Yield and Water Productivity of Hybrid Sunflower Planted by Different Sowing Methods

Improved planting methods and foliar application of glycinebetaine (GB) and salicylic acid (SA) can improve the water productivity in field crops under limited water supply conditions. A 2‐year field study was conducted to evaluate the possible role of different planting methods and foliar applications of GB and SA in improving the yield, quality and water productivity of hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The crop was planted by flat sowing (75 cm spaced rows) and ridge sowing (75 cm spaced ridges), with GB and SA applied exogenously at 100 and 0.724 mm , respectively, at both budding and flowering stages, while control plots received distilled water. Ridge sowing, rather than flat sowing, improved the biological yield, oil yield, leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), plant height, water‐use efficiency and final achene yield during both the years. Foliar applications of GB and SA at both the stages improved the achene yield, although foliar application of GB at flowering was the most effective. Neither the planting methods nor the foliar application of GB and SA altered the achene oil contents during both the years. Foliar application of GB and SA increased the free proline content of the leaf and GB contents at flowering but reduced the achene protein contents, whereas planting method had no effect on these attributes across the years. Of the foliar applied chemicals, GB was more effective in improving sunflower growth and yield and water productivity than SA. To conclude, ridge sowing coupled with foliar application of GB at flowering stage could be beneficial for achieving maximum yields of hybrid sunflower under relatively water limited conditions in the field.     

基于表驱动的动态数据上报管理系统研究

近年来,信息管理系统广泛应用于各个领域,由于大多研发者只着眼于设计开发自己所需求的应用系统,由此产生一系列问题:各领域内系统整体开发效率低下,系统的扩展性和通用性差,造成了资源的大量浪费。本文针对于数据填报及统计类系统领域,设计并实现包含数据访问构件、数据校验构件、空缺数据填补构件和统计结果查询输出构件在内的可复用软件——基于表驱动的动态数据上报管理系统(DDTMS),以解决信息管理系统中数据填报及统计类系统的共性问题。将DDTMS应用到中国林业生态资源环境承载力:数据投放器和中国生态安全指数系统中,试验表明:该可复用软件具有良好的通用性,极大提高了系统开发效率,改善了系统的扩展性,表现出良好的实用性和稳定性。