基于正交实验的两种苦苣苔叶片扦插繁殖研究

以苦苣苔品种Primulina dryas‘Hisako’和Primulina‘Blue Mood’为试材,采用正交实验设计,分析不同因素、不同基质组分对扦插成活率、子株数、子株叶数的影响,并筛选出最优组合。探讨影响报春苣苔属扦插成活的因素,为报春苣苔属的扦插繁殖技术提供参考依据。结果表明:3种不同因素对Primulina dryas‘Hisako’成活率的影响大小为浓度>基质>叶片部位,对子株数的影响大小为叶片部位>浓度>基质,对子株叶数的影响大小为基质>叶片部位>浓度,最优组合为IBA+NAA等量混合浓度100 mg·L^-1+泥炭:珍珠岩:蛭石的体积比2∶1∶1+叶片下部。4种基质组分对P.‘Blue Mood’成活率的影响大小为泥炭>稻壳炭>蛭石>珍珠岩,对子株数的影响大小为珍珠岩>泥炭>蛭石>稻壳炭,对子株叶数的影响大小为泥炭>稻壳炭>珍珠岩>蛭石,扦插基质最优组合为泥炭、珍珠岩、蛭石、稻壳炭的体积比6∶2∶2∶1。     

不同基质对黄瓜长势、产量及果实品质的影响

为筛选出适宜春大棚黄瓜槽式栽培的基质,以黄瓜“北农佳秀”为试材,选用蘑菇棒、牛羊粪、草炭、珍珠岩和蛭石等5种基质材料,研究了不同基质配比对黄瓜生长、产量和水分生产效率的影响。结果表明：基质为蘑菇棒∶牛羊粪∶草炭∶珍珠岩∶蛭石体积比为2∶1∶3∶1∶1时,黄瓜植株长势较强,667 m2产量、单方水产出和667 m2收益均最高,分别为12 947、61.9 kg和9 565元,且果实品质较好。在春大棚中,蘑菇棒∶牛羊粪∶草炭∶珍珠岩∶蛭石体积比2∶1∶3∶1∶1是黄瓜槽式基质节水栽培适宜的基质配比。     

岩棉作为草坪草育苗基质的坪床性能初探

对岩棉作为草坪草生长基质的可能性进行了初步研究,发现草坪草在岩棉上能够生长良好,较低密度的岩棉更为合适;应用岩棉田问建植草坪应解决好种子、岩棉、土壤三者相互固定的问题;岩棉本身并不具有很强的保水性能,但作为播种覆盖材料时,由于它是横向纤维压制而成,切断了土壤毛管作用,减少水分蒸发,表现出非常强的节水作用。     

蛹虫草人工栽培条件优化研究

蛹虫草是一种珍贵的药食同源大型真菌．其市场需求日益增加。为加强蛹虫草的人工栽培．从料水比、菌种浓度、接种量和暗培养时间等4个因素进行正交试验．发现接种量（15、20、25mL／瓶）和菌种浓度（6、11、15个／mL）起着重要的作用，而料水比（1：1、1：1．2、1：1．5）和暗培养时间（2、3、4d）作用较小，并优化出高产培养条件．即料水比1：1．5、菌种浓度15个／mL．接种量25mL／瓶和暗培养时间为3d。在此优化条件下．每20g大米能生产出高达17．96g鲜子实体。     

Vermicompost as a substitute for peat in potting media: Effects on germination,biomass allocation,yields and fruit quality of three tomato varieties

Commercial potting media often contain substantial amounts of peat that was mined from endangered bog and fen ecosystems. The main objectives of this study were to assess (1) whether the amendment of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% (v/v) of vermicompost (VC) to a fertilized commercial peat potting substrate has effects on the emergence, growth and biomass allocation of tomato seedlings (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under greenhouse conditions, (2) whether possible impacts on seedlings can affect tomato yields and fruit quality even when transplanted into equally fertilized field soil, and (3) whether effects are consistent among different tomato varieties. Amended VC was produced in a windrow system of food and cotton waste mainly by earthworms Eisenia fetida Sav. Vermicompost amendments significantly influenced, specifically for each tomato variety, emergence and elongation of seedlings. Biomass allocation (root:shoot ratio) was affected by VC amendments for two varieties in seedling stage and one field-grown tomato variety. Marketable and total yields of field tomatoes were not affected by VC amendments used for seedling husbandry. However, morphological (circumference, dry matter content, peel firmness) and chemical fruit parameters (contents of C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, l-ascorbic acid, glucose, fructose) were significantly affected by VC amendments in seedling substrates; these effects again were specific for each tomato variety. Overall, vermicompost could be an environmentally friendly substitute for peat in potting media with similar or beneficial effects on seedling performance and fruit quality. However, at least for tomatoes, variety-specific responses should be considered when giving recommendations on the optimum proportion of vermicompost amendment to horticultural potting substrate.     

Competition for food between Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus [L.]) over different substrate types

Abstract –  Food consumption by Eurasian perch ( Perca fluviatilis L.) and ruffe ( Gymnocephalus cernuus [L.]) was studied in single and mixed-species treatments in the laboratory, where alternative food resources, chironomids and zooplankton, were offered simultaneously. The effects of structural complexity, which was represented by substrate grain size, and of feeding level on food consumption were analysed. Across all experiments, the outcome of competition between perch and ruffe depended on food abundance and on the structural complexity of the environment. Perch and ruffe both changed their food consumption in the presence of a heterospecific competitor. With high food supply, perch consumed more benthic food than ruffe. With low food supply, the consumption of perch decreased strongly, while that of ruffe remained high on fine sediment. Under all conditions tested, the mechanism of competition appeared to be of interference rather than of exploitative nature. It is suggested that with decreasing lake productivity caused by re-oligotrophication, habitat shifts of both species will occur, which will alleviate interspecific competition. Ruffe will forage over fine sediment and perch over coarse sediment, whereby both species will achieve the highest foraging efficiency under conditions of low food supply.     

香菇烂筒病及其病因研究初报

本文报道了香菇烂筒病的发生情况、症状及病原体的鉴定。笔者在福建省不同地方调查了早、中、晚期发病且症状明显的菇筒,分离、培养、鉴定了病原,并作回接发病试验,证实土壤中的木霉(Trichoderma spp.)是引起烂筒病的重要病原。     

羽叶决明代木栽培鸡腿菇的物质转化

研究羽叶决明(Chamaecrasta nictitans)代木栽培鸡腿菇(Coprinus ovatus)对其绝对生物学效率、基物失重、呼吸消耗及木质纤维素转化的影响.结果表明,羽叶决明牧草替代60%木屑(A60)栽培鸡腿菇的绝对生物学效率最高,均为10.77%.覆土前和采收后的基物失重和呼吸消耗都以A0(CK)为最高,分别为11.47%、11.47%和31.75%、25.55%,其木质素转化率也最高,为79.21%;纤维素转化率以A100(羽叶决明牧草替代100%木屑)为最高,达50.93%;半纤维素转化率以A40(羽叶决明牧草替代40%木屑)为最高,为49.74%.回归分析结果表明,绝对生物学效率和半纤维素转化率与替代比例呈抛物线相关,而基物失重、呼吸消耗及木质素、纤维素转化率与替代比例呈线性相关.     

石斛兰无土栽培基质优化筛选研究

基质的选用是石斛兰无土栽培成败的关键。通过石斛兰无土栽培基质的优化筛选,研究来源广泛、价廉、无污染的基质配比,以适应石斛兰大规模工厂化生产及提高其观赏品质的要求。不同配比基质对石斛兰营养生长和开花性状各项指标的综合影响结果表明∶火山岩∶木炭∶椰衣=1∶1∶2的基质配比最有利于石斛兰生长。     

乳源木莲管形容器育苗技术研究

通过对乳源木莲进行不同基质配比、容器规格、营养液施肥、苗高生长节律等管形容器育苗试验,结果表明,培育乳源木莲管形容器苗的理想基质材料应以泥炭、鸡粪泥炭、蛭石、珍珠岩等轻型基质为主,容器规格大小与培育期限和苗龄是密切相关的,采用N、P、K配比3:2:1、1:1:1两种配方营养液配方施肥可促进苗木生长发育和根系成团,提高苗木综合质量;乳源木莲管形容器苗的年高生长进程呈现慢—快—慢的“S”形节律,存在着明显的速生期,在该期内的苗高生长量最大。