黄花补血草醇提物对小鼠急性毒性试验

采用改良寇氏法测定黄花补血草醇提物对小鼠腹腔注射的急性毒性试验,评价其安全性。实验组小鼠灌服不同浓度的黄花补血草醇提物,观察给药后小鼠的临床表现与死亡情况。结果黄花补血草醇提物最大剂量一次性给8 g/kg,1周后未见明显中毒症状,并测得最大耐受量（MTD）试验值为15 g/kg（〉10 g/kg）。结果提示,黄花补血草醇提物的毒性较低,临床用药安全可靠,为黄花补血草的临床前和临床研究提供安全的实验数据,并进一步了解了黄花补血草的生物学活性,为将其更好地应用于制药业和临床治疗提供科学依据。     

油橄榄叶提取物对海洛因依赖小鼠肺组织结构及IL-1β和TNF-α表达的影响

将100只健康小鼠皮下注射海洛因(10mg/kg)40d,然后分别用不同剂量的(50、100、200mg/kg)油橄榄叶提取物(OLE)进行皮下注射治疗,观察肺脏组织结构的变化,检测肺脏中白介素-1β(interleukin-β,IL-β)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-A,TNF-α)的表达情况.结果表明:与模型对照组相比,OLE使海洛因依赖小鼠肺泡直径、肺泡隔厚度减小,肺脏中IL-1β和TNF-α的表达明显减弱,且呈较好的量效关系,表明OLE能够对海洛因造成的肺损害起到保护作用,其作用机制可能是OLE抑制了IL-1β和TNF-α的在肺中的表达.     

羊栖菜褐藻多酚对S_（180）荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

目的观察羊栖菜褐藻多酚的体内抗肿瘤作用。方法建立S180肉瘤荷瘤小鼠模型,随机分为空白组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组,每组12只。低、中、高剂量组小鼠每日给予62.5、125、250 mg/kg羊栖菜褐藻多酚灌胃,空白组每日予蒸馏水灌胃,连续8 d。第9天处死小鼠,观察肿瘤生长情况、胸腺指数、脾脏指数、T淋巴细胞增殖反应、NK细胞活性及血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、丙二醛（MDA）变化。结果不同剂量羊栖菜褐藻多酚均使胸腺指数升高（P〈0.01）。中、高剂量组的肿瘤质量比空白组明显降低,并提高小鼠淋巴细胞增殖反应和NK细胞杀伤活性（P〈0.05）。高剂量组SOD、GSH-Px水平明显升高,而MDA含量显著下降（P〈0.05）。结论羊栖菜褐藻多酚具有明显抗肿瘤作用,其机制可能是通过提高免疫和抗氧化能力。     

小鼠弓形虫病病状及卵巢功能变化

为研究小鼠弓形虫病病状及卵巢功能的变化,将雌性小鼠随机地分为实验组与对照组,每组各30例.实验组雌性小鼠感染弓形虫,观察其临床症状及体温变化.体温升高并出现稽留热.在感染弓形虫后第45、90d的发情间期采血,对照组也在相同的时间采血.采用放射性免疫方法,测定血清中的雌二醇含量,并于两次采血后将两组小鼠剖检.结果4-5d时实验组与对照组小鼠血清雌二醇含量分别为12.29 ±4.39pg/mL与10.56±8.34pg/mL,90d时实验组与对照组小鼠血清雌二醇含量分别为7.76±3.67pg/mL与10.23±4.85pg/mL;实验组90d血清雌二醇水平降低,与实验组45d时及对照组45d时比较,差异均有显著性.弓形虫感染的小鼠主要脏器严重受损,肠淋巴结可见大量的巨噬细胞.脑组织可见慢性炎症改变及弓形虫包囊体,卵巢呈炎性变化.结论：弓形虫感染引起轻度临床症状和严重病理变化,导致小鼠卵巢功能下降.     

Effect of captopril on AGS nude mouse model of gastric cancer

AIM: To observe the effect of captopril on the genesis and development of gastric cancer, and to explore its clinical treatment feasibility for gastric cancer. METHODS: The human gastric cancer cell line AGS was used to establish a tumor model in nude mice, and the model mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: positive control (5-fluorouracil) group, normal control (saline) group and experimental (captopril) group. After intraperitoneal injection or intragastric administration of the drugs, the tumor growth curve was determined, and the tumor tissues were also sampled to detect the expression of Ki-67, STAT3, Bax and Bcl-2 by real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. The apoptosis was detected by TUNEL+DAPI staining. RESULTS: The tumor growth curve showed that the tumor model in the nude mice was successfully established. The tumor volumes among groups showed significantly different after 14 d growth. The increase in the tumor volume in normal control group was significantly faster than that in the other two groups, and that in positive control group was the slowest. The expression of Bax in captopril group increased, and the expression of STAT3, Ki-67 and Bcl-2 was reduced as compared with normal control group and positive control group. Compared with normal control group, the apoptotic rate increased significantly, and the protein expression of p-STAT3 and STAT3 decreased obviously in positive control group and captopril group. CONCLUSION: With better feasibility, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril has a significant effect on treating gastric cancer in the AGS nude mouse model by regulating the expression of STAT3, Bax, Bcl-2 and Ki-67 to accelerate the apoptosis of cancer cells, thus inhibiting tumor growth.     

Tissue-specific expression of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 in BALB/c mice

Activation of the innate immune system requires recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as NOD-like receptors. The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in induction of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, and subsequent inflammatory responses. NLRP3 inflammasome plays important roles in the inflammatory and innate immune responses associated with autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome. However, analysis of the tissue distribution and expression profiles in BALB/c mice is still incomplete. In this study, we investigated the tissue distribution and expression pattern of NLRP3 in BALB/c mice to further elucidate its function in innate immunity in this commonly used laboratory animal model. NLRP3 mRNA expression levels and tissue distribution of the protein were investigated by real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical analyses, respectively. NLRP3 mRNA expression was higher in the kidney and inguinal lymph nodes than in other tissues. Cytoplasmic expression of NLRP3 was detected in the epithelial reticular cells of the spleen and thymus, lymphocytes in the inguinal lymph nodes, cardiac muscle cells, cerebral cortex neurons, alveolar macrophages, renal tubule cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. The results of this study will assist investigators in interpreting site-specific functions and roles of NLRP3 in inflammatory responses.     

乳酸菌―芽孢菌发酵黄芪对小鼠免疫功能作用的研究简

试验旨在探讨乳酸菌―芽孢菌发酵黄芪对小鼠免疫功能的影响。将84只小鼠分成6组,每组14只,分别为生理盐水组（阴性对照组）、未发酵黄芪组（阳性对照组,黄芪生药浓度为150 mg/mL）、试验Ⅰ组（黄芪生药浓度为60 mg/mL）、试验Ⅱ组（黄芪生药浓度为90 mg/mL）、试验Ⅲ组（黄芪生药浓度为120 mg/mL）、试验Ⅳ组（黄芪生药浓度为150 mg/mL）。小鼠采用灌胃方式给药30 d,最后处死小鼠测定其体重、免疫器官（胸腺和脾脏）系数、免疫因子（IgG、IL-6、sIgA）。结果显示,给药30 d后,试验组小鼠体重明显升高;试验Ⅰ组免疫器官系数极显著高于对照组（P＜0.01）;试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组免疫因子IgG和sIgA均极显著高于对照组（P＜0.01）。由此可知,乳酸菌―芽孢菌发酵黄芪对小鼠的免疫功能有很好的促进作用。     

5年生种植人参对正常成年小鼠睡眠的影响

目的观察5年生种植人参食用对正常成年小鼠睡眠的影响,为人参的食用提供实验依据。方法正常成年昆明小鼠140只,雌雄各半,体重18-22g,随机分为10组,即:对照组,5年生种植人参原粉小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,5年生种植人参水提物小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,5年生种植人参醇提物小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,每组14只。各组小鼠连续灌胃给药3个月后进行戊巴比妥钠催眠、戊巴比妥钠阈下催眠及水合氯醛阈下催眠实验。结果戊巴比妥钠催眠实验中,与对照组比较,人参原粉小、中、大剂量组,人参水提物小、中、大剂量组及人参醇提物小、中、大剂量组睡眠的潜伏期及睡眠持续时间无明显变化(P0.05);戊巴比妥钠阈下催眠,水合氯醛阈下催眠实验中,与对照组比较,人参原粉小、中、大剂量组,人参水提物小、中、大剂量组及人参醇提物小、中、大剂量组30min内睡眠发生率无明显变化(P0.05)。结论 5年生种植人参食用对正常成年小鼠睡眠无明显影响。     

生姜叶片抗性生理对不同肥料配施的动态响应

为提出生物有机肥对生姜的增产机理,从植物对逆境生理适应的三个方面入手,研究不同肥料对生姜叶片渗透调节、活性氧代谢以及细胞膜透性的影响。结果表明:施用生物有机肥可以明显提高生姜叶片渗透调节功能,提高蛋白质的可溶性;施用生物有机肥可明显提高生姜旺盛生长期叶片的超氧物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性;施用生物有机肥可明显提高生姜衰老期叶片的过氧化物酶(POD)活性,有效降低电解质渗透率和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量。     

复水对水分胁迫条件下糜子生长的补偿效应

为明确复水对糜子叶片衰老与活性氧代谢的影响,建立糜子抗旱节水栽培技术体系,以榆糜2号为试验材料,采用盆栽控水方式,研究复水对水分胁迫条件下糜子叶片衰老与活性氧代谢特征的动态变化。结果表明,随胁迫程度的加剧和胁迫时间的延长,糜子功能叶片自下而上依次衰老,其叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性逐渐降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量持续上升。复水后,中度水分胁迫拔节期复水效果最佳,糜子顶三叶叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、SOD和POD活性分别比对照高出7.65%、4.20%、5.30和3.52%,表现出超补偿效应;开花期复水产生了等量补偿效应;重度水分胁迫条件下,拔节期复水对糜子叶片SOD、POD产生了部分补偿效应,对叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质和MDA含量产生了等量补偿效应;开花期复水后各指标的补偿效果不明显。相关分析表明,糜子产量与生育后期各功能叶片的叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、SOD活性呈极显著正相关,与POD活性呈显著正相关,MDA含量与产量呈现显著负相关。拔节期复水对中度水分胁迫下糜子生长的补偿效应最佳。