全自动香菇剪柄机研究

针对香菇初加工工艺繁琐劳动强度大,香菇初加工机械自动化程度低,剪切工艺不统一等问题,研制开发出一款自动化香菇初加工机械。该设备能够实现香菇的上料、定位、清洗、剪切、除杂、分离和回收连续化操作。由于香菇的生长受环境因素的影响较大,致使香菇的大小形态各异,因此香菇的定位一直是技术难点。该设备结合香菇的密度特性和其大致形状均呈雨伞状的特点,运用流体浮力的特性实现香菇的随行定位,由带式擒纵机构将其从流动水域内打捞进入剪切机构,分别进行香菇的菌柄、菌帽和杂质的分离处理,最终完成香菇初加工工艺。     

miRNA调控植物花芽分化的研究进展

综述了miR156、miR172、miR159/319等microRNA家族在花芽分化调控中的研究进展,并展望了microRNA在果树花芽分化过程中的研究前景.     

蔬菜茎叶混合青贮技术及其应用研究进展

蔬菜茎叶青绿多汁,适口性好,含有丰富的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维,是牲畜的优质饲料.然而,除了小部分作为青绿饲料直接饲喂动物外,大部分蔬菜茎叶下脚料被遗弃或抛弃,这不仅造成资源浪费,而且造成环境污染.通过青贮等方式将蔬菜茎叶加工成动物饲料,既可以提高其利用价值,又可以取得良好的社会效益.对蔬菜茎叶混合青贮技术、影响青贮效果的因素及其在养殖业中的应用进行了综述.     

韭菜根再生不定芽的组织学观察

以胚根诱导的愈伤组织为材料,研究了韭菜石蜡切片的染色方法及根诱导愈伤组织并分化不定芽的组织学发生过程。结果表明,单独用番红染色,染色4,8 h后染色效果最佳;而单独采用固绿染色,10~20 s后就能够明显观察到组织细胞;若采用番红染色8 h与固绿20 s对染,组织结构清晰且立体效果明显,是韭菜组织的最佳染色方法。观察韭菜愈伤组织不定芽的发生过程,胚根尖首先脱分化形成愈伤组织,愈伤分化增长形成突起,成为胚性愈伤,然后分化形成叶片和不定芽。     

Within-stem variation in wood properties of triploid hybrids of Populus tomentosa at three clonal trials

To obtain a better understanding of variability in wood properties along the stem in triploid hybrids of Populus tomentosa L., basic wood density (BWD) and fiber traits were measured at four sample heights for each tree sampled from three clonal trials. The BWD showed a similar trend at each site in that density was initially decreased then increased with increasing height position. For fiber traits, the fiber length (FL) decreased linearly with the height of the trunk, whereas fiber width and coarseness changed relatively slightly with increasing height position. In addition, the vertical wood properties distribution patterns were different from clones so that some clones showed more markedly change in height positions than others. The joint analysis indicated significant height position effect for BWD and fiber traits, in accordance with site and clonal effect. Significant site × height interaction was found on wood properties, whereas the significant clone × height interaction was only obtained at fiber width. Moreover, variation in the relationships between FL and BWD or other fiber traits showed no consistent pattern with increasing height position.     

Identifying the biological effects of pre-commercial thinning on diameter growth in young Scots pine stands

Data from seven Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands in central Sweden that had undergone pre-commercial thinning (PCT) were used to investigate the biological effect of PCT on the diameter at breast height (DBH) growth of the remaining trees. Two treatments were considered: a PCT treatment and a control (C) with no PCT. The DBH of the trees in each stand was measured on up to four occasions over 15 years. We examined mean DBH and DBH growth of the largest 300, 600, 900 and 1200 trees ha^?1. Two methods of selecting the trees used to calculate the mean DBH values for each measurement occasion were considered: the actual mean DBH (Dma), which is based on the DBH distribution of the trees on the measurement occasion in question, and the genuine mean DBH (Dmg), which is based on the DBH distribution of the trees on the final measurement occasion of the study and therefore focuses on the same set of trees for all measurement occasions. There was no clear difference between the Dma- and Dmg-based DBH increments, but the Dmg values tended to be somewhat larger both for the C and PCT treatments. Over a 15-year period, the relative mean yearly increments (Dma/Dmg) for different tree size classes ranged from 0.91 to 0.98, with lower values for the C treatment and larger DBH size classes. We found that PCT promotes DBH growth: over a 15-year period, the increased growth amounted to about 2.0 mm year^?1 compared to the trees in unthinned plots.     

栝楼丛生芽快繁体系的建立

利用栝楼的嫩芽作为外植体,进行离体组织培养,通过正交试验选择最适pH值和激素浓度,筛选出栝楼丛生芽的最适诱导培养基。结果表明,消毒时间为3 min时外植体损伤较小;pH为5.8的培养基外植体长势旺盛;3号芽诱导培养基丛生芽比较旺盛;2号生根培养基得到的根多且壮。栝楼丛生芽的快速繁殖体系为:0.1%HgCl2溶液外植体表面消毒3 min;丛生芽诱导的最适pH为5.8;最佳芽诱导培养基为:MS+0.5mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA;最佳芽生根培养基为:MS+0.2 mg/L NAA。     

叶绿素荧光参数快速鉴定蝴蝶兰的生殖生长进程

为研究温度对蝴蝶兰生殖生长的影响,以‘0448’、‘空港盛世’和‘枫叶’3个蝴蝶兰品种为试材,采用叶绿素荧光测量方法和统计学方法,对不同温度处理下蝴蝶兰抽花梗情况进行研究。结果表明:(1)蝴蝶兰花芽分化需要经历春化作用,26/18℃(日/夜)处理可使3个品种在1个月内启动花芽分化,而29/21℃(日/夜)处理的对照组均无抽梗。(2)低温处理导致Fv/Fm降低,Fo增高,叶绿素荧光参数能敏感地反映低温引起植株光合机构变化的情况,可间接地作为快速鉴定蝴蝶兰花芽分化进程的指标,预测蝴蝶兰的抽梗期和花期。     

2种德国鸢尾组织培养体系的建立

【目的】探索2个德国鸢尾品种金娃娃、黑骑士的组织培养条件,为2种鸢尾的种苗产业化和推广应用奠定基础。【方法】以金娃娃、黑骑士2种鸢尾的幼嫩花葶为材料,研究不同外植体、消毒方法和培养基对2种鸢尾不定芽诱导、增殖及生根的影响。【结果】2种鸢尾的花茎节能直接诱导出不定芽,故其为组织培养的最佳外植体;金娃娃外植体以75%(体积分数)乙醇浸摇3s、0.1%(质量分数)HgCl2消毒6min的处理污染率和死亡率均较低;黑骑士则以75%乙醇浸摇5s、0.1%HgCl2消毒8min的效果较好。初代培养中,MS+2.0mg/L 6-BA+0.1mg/L NAA是2种鸢尾不定芽诱导的最佳培养基,在该培养基中,金娃娃和黑骑士的不定芽诱导率均最高,分别为86.4%和73.5%。继代培养中,MS+4.0mg/L 6-BA+0.2mg/L NAA是不定芽增殖的最佳培养基,在该培养基中,金娃娃和黑骑士的增殖系数最高,分别为12.71和8.64。2种鸢尾不定芽生根培养时以培养基MS+0.1mg/L 6-BA+2.0mg/L NAA效果最好。【结论】建立了2个德国鸢尾品种金娃娃、黑骑士的最佳组织培养体系,在该体系下不定芽诱导率、增殖率高,生根情况良好。     

香蕉掉蕾原因调查与分析

研究香蕉田间掉蕾规律及发生影响因素,为合理降低香蕉掉蕾率提供科学依据.以威廉斯B6为试材,采用田间调查和室内解剖分析的方法,对香蕉掉蕾规律和果轴形态进行分析.结果表明香蕉掉蕾与母株前期自身长势及生长特性无关,而与抽蕾期果轴发育过程中的变形密切相关.未掉蕾植株的果轴呈自然下垂状,掉蕾植株果轴多数呈异常弯曲状.果穗第1张苞叶展开处出现的弯曲会增加果穗对果轴基部支撑点的力矩,进而诱发掉蕾.抽蕾期作为预防掉蕾的关键时期,应注意采取措施减少果轴弯曲而导致掉蕾.