波浪补偿控制算法综述

为了实现对船舶在波浪中的运动响应进行补偿,提高海上作业的效率,需要对波浪补偿设备采用更为先进的运动控制技术.采用前馈控制和反馈控制的分类方式,简述了适合用于波浪补偿设备的控制算法研究现状,以便于更好地了解波浪补偿控制技术的发展.其中属于前馈控制类算法的主要有卡尔曼滤波法、神经网络和时间序列分析法;属于反馈控制类的主要算法有PID控制算法和模型预测控制算法.分析这些算法在波浪补偿控制中的理论原理和研究进展,并且通过对相关学者的研究文献进行了对比分析,指出了卡尔曼滤波法、神经网络和时间序列分析法以及PID控制算法和模型预测控制算法的关键特征.在结论中根据不同控制算法的原理和特征给出了这些算法在波浪补偿控制中可能的研究方向,可以为波浪补偿控制系统的研究和发展提供指导意见.     

Experimental study on the effect of horizontal waves on netting panels

The effect of horizontal waves on flexible netting panels is examined in this study, to evaluate the testing method of pretensioned mooring, radial systems, and flexible netting structures. The netting was suspended at a specific hanging ratio for six polyethylene panels with different characteristics. The aim was to evaluate the calculation method for horizontal wave forces on flexible netting panels. A regular wave was used in the experiment, with wave period 0.8–2.0 s and wave height 50–250 mm. The force on the netting structure was recorded by a tension transducer and digital signal recorder, and was simulated by a cubic spline in terms of the wave experiment under different wave conditions. The horizontal wave force on the netting panel changed periodically and asymmetrically, which was similar to the surface wave elevation. The horizontal wave force was related to the netting panel height and width (l), wave height (H) and wave length (L), twine diameter (d) and bar length (a) of the mesh. Using dual series relations, least-squares approximation, and multiple stepwise regression analysis, the following formula was obtained for the horizontal wave average apex value (F) on the netting panel: F=0.13ρgl(H/2)²(d/a)(H ^0.64 L ^0.77/0.9a ^0.44).     

超声波辅助提取鱼脑磷脂的研究

以鲣鱼脑为原料,对鱼脑磷脂超声提取方法进行了研究.以磷脂提取率为评价指标,通过单因素和正交试验优化了鱼脑磷脂提取的条件.结果表明：以正己烷-乙醇（体积比2∶1）为提取溶剂,超声提取时间为40 min,超声温度为35℃,固液比为1∶9 （g∶ mL）,超声提取2次,在此条件下鱼脑磷脂的提取率达到氯仿-甲醇法的87.1％;通过薄层色谱分析,确定鲣鱼脑磷脂中含有磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰胆碱和神经鞘磷脂3种磷脂;用气相色谱法测定鲣鱼脑磷脂的脂肪酸组成,高不饱和脂肪酸中DHA和EPA的含量分别为21.1％和2.4％.研究表明,用超声法提取鱼脑磷脂具有可行性,鱼脑磷脂中含丰富的不饱和脂肪酸,在食品加工中具有一定的应用前景.     

Ovarian follicular dynamics and hormones throughout the estrous cycle in Thai native (Bos indicus) heifers

Relatively few studies have been reported regarding the reproductive physiology of female Thai native cattle. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the follicular dynamics and concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) during the estrous cycle in Thai native heifers (TNH) and to compare obtained results with those of European and Indian cattle breeds previously reported. For the detection of estrus, ovaries of all 20 heifers were examined twice daily (12 h intervals) by ultrasonography for three consecutive estrous cycles. From data of 60 estrous cycles (n = 60 estrous cycles from 20 heifers), it was found that 14 (70%) and 6 heifers (30%) had two (42 estrous cycles collected from 14 heifers) and three follicular waves (18 estrous cycles collected from 6 heifers), respectively. The days when estrus was detected, interovulatory intervals, life‐spans of corpus lutea (CL), and days for growing and regression of CLs were shorter in the two follicular waves than those in the three follicular waves (P < 0.05). In both two and thre follicular waves, larger maximum diameters and higher growth rates of the dominant follicle (DF) in an ovulatory wave were observed than those of the preceding waves without ovulation (P < 0.05). There was a progressive increase in follicular size and FSH and E2 production during follicular growth in each follicular wave. In addition, the FSH and E2 peak concentrations during the ovulatory wave were higher than those of the anovulation waves (P < 0.05). Moreover, although the ovarian follicular dynamic patterns in Thai native heifers were similar to those previously reported for European and Indian cattle breeds, the diameter of the largest preovulatory follicle (OF), subordinate follicles (SF) and CLs were smaller than those in European and Indian cattle breeds. In conclusion, when compared with European and some breeds of Indian cattle, the length of interovulatory intervals was shorter, and the sizes of dominant SF and CLs were smaller in Thai native heifers.     

超声波在水产养殖中的应用

超声波具有机械传质、加热和空化作用。高强度的超声会破碎生物的细胞,降低酶活性等;合适的低强度超声波可以促进鱼卵孵化,提高鱼类的生长速度,去除有害藻类,并能增强鱼类的免疫功能,有利于鱼病防治。     

用分光光度计预测小球藻藻液浓度的研究

[目的]为实现小球藻大面积推广生产和产业化发展提供科学、翔实的技术参数。[方法]通过721型分光光度计,对不同浓度的小球藻藻液在不同波段光照下的透光度进行测定,确定测定小球藻的最佳照射波段,得到最佳照射波段时小球藻藻液的浓度。[结果]在不同光照对不同浓度小球藻藻液透射的吸光度进行归一化处理后,得出小球藻的最佳透射波段为670 nm。同时,得出670 nm光照下吸光度与小球藻浓度的回归方程为:y=-1.479 7+0.987x,相关系数为0.991,说明相关性较好。推导了当量浓度(C)与透光度(I)的公式,C=-ln(I/I0)/(LK),式中L为光径长度(比色皿宽度),K为小球藻细胞的平均截面面积。[结论]用分光光度计间接测量小球藻的浓度是可行的。     

超声波在原木内部传播理论研究

超声波技术在木材无损检测中已有广泛的应用,尤其是一些研究表明超声波在原木内部的传播规律对无损检测效果产生重要影响.根据弹性波在固体介质中的传播理论,通过对微小单元体的受力分析,得出弹性动力学运动微分方程,并在此基础上,根据正交各向异性介质的弹性常数,应力与应变之间的相互关系,几何方程（应变和位移的关系）以及超声波传播（无旋波）的方向向量,最终得出以位移表示的运动微分方程;然后利用分离变量法,建立超声波在原木内部传播过程中的位移方程和速度方程.     

基于电磁感应的典型干旱区土壤盐分空间异质性

为研究干旱区土壤盐分空间异质性,指导农业生产实践,运用大地电导率仪（EM38、EM31）对研究区域进行移动式磁感调查,获取表观电导率（ECa）。同时,通过27个校准点的采样和ECa测量,建立土壤盐分的电磁感应解译模型。干旱区土壤盐分质量分数与EM38、EM31水平模式读数（H38、H31）显示出良好的相关性（R=0.935）,可以利用ECa结合GIS和地统计学知识研究土壤盐分的空间分布。采用两种方法进行研究：一种是先利用解译模型获取磁感调查点的土壤盐分质量分数,然后进行地统计分析研究其空间分布;另一种是先利用地统计分析研究H38和H31的空间分布,然后利用解译模型通过栅格运算计算盐分质量分数,精度检验显示前者预测值与实测值之间的相关性更好（R2, 0.888＞0.873）;标准差较低（std. 0.414＜0.426）,具有更高的预测精度。研究结果表明,基于电磁感应研究干旱区土壤盐分空间异质性是切实可行的,这对于土壤盐渍化的快速诊断,指导农业生产和促进精准农业的发展具有重要的意义。     

中小型水电站过电压的有关问题及其保护

针对电力系统中由于过电压使设备元件的绝缘损坏的情况在事故中所占比重很大的实际，根据造成中小型水电站雷害的3个主要来源，分析阐述了中小型水电站如何进行直击雷和雷电侵入波的防护等问题，介绍了中小型水电站主、副厂房和发电机避免雷击损害的保护方法。