Cortisol Concentrations in Well‐Regulated Dogs with Hyperadrenocorticism Treated with Trilostane

Background

There are no clear treatment guidelines for dogs with clinically well‐regulated hyperadrenocorticism in which serum cortisol concentrations before and after an ACTH stimulation test performed 3–6 hours after trilostane administration are < 2.0 μg/dL.

Objective

To determine if serum cortisol concentrations measured before (Pre1) and after (Post1) ACTH stimulation at 3–6 hours after trilostane administration are significantly lower than cortisol concentrations measured before (Pre2) and after (Post2) ACTH stimulation 9–12 hours after trilostane administration, in a specific population of dogs with clinically well‐regulated hyperadrenocorticism and Pre1 and Post1 <2 μg/dL.

Animals

Thirteen client‐owned dogs with clinically well‐regulated hyperadrenocorticism and Pre1 and Post1 serum cortisol concentrations <2.0 μg/dL 3–6 hours after trilostane administration.

Methods

Prospective study. Dogs had a second ACTH stimulation test performed 9–12 hours after trilostane administration, on the same day of the first ACTH stimulation test. Cortisol concentrations before and after ACTH stimulation were compared using a paired t‐test.

Results

Cortisol concentrations before (1.4 ± 0.3 μg/dL) and after the first stimulation (1.5 ± 0.3 μg/dL, mean ± SD) were significantly lower than cortisol concentration before the second stimulation (3.3 ± 1.6 μg/dL, P = .0012 each). Cortisol concentration before the first stimulation was also significantly lower than cortisol concentration after the second stimulation (5.3 ± 2.4 μg/dL, P = .0001).

Conclusions and clinical importance

In dogs with clinically well‐regulated, trilostane‐treated, hyperadrenocorticism, and cortisol concentrations <2 μg/dL before and after the first stimulation, a second ACTH stimulation test performed 9–12 hours after treatment can result in higher cortisol concentrations that could support continued trilostane treatment.     

Pathological findings and probable causes of the death of Stejneger’s beaked whales (Mesoplodon stejnegeri) stranded in Japan from 1999 and 2011

One hundred and twenty stranding events of Stejneger’s beaked whales were reported in Japan between 1999 and 2011. The purpose of this study is to introduce pathological data and to discuss probable causes of death for 44 Stejneger’s beaked whales among them. The significant pathological findings were the pulmonary edema, parasitic granulomatous nephritis, emaciation, amyloidosis, suppurative bronchopneumonia and so on. The probable causes of death were categorized as noninfectious in 43 of the cases, which included drowning, starvation and secondary amyloidosis. One individual was diagnosed with septicemia, which was the only example of an infectious disease. Because we could not always perform advanced analyses, such as microbiology tests, biotoxin examinations or contaminant analyses, the finality of our findings may be impaired. However, the present study has broad implications on the causes of death of Stejneger’s beaked whales of the seas around Japan, which are valuable for the future studies and for the detection of emerging diseases.     

《全芳备祖》所记刘孝俨《橘录》辨正

宋代大型植物综合性类书《全芳备祖》记载有刘孝俨《橘录》一书,通过考证,《橘录》本名应为《谢晋安王赐甘启》,作者应为刘孝仪。     

基于Google Earth Engine平台的大湄公河次区域2001—2019年植被NPP时空变化分析

为探明大湄公河次区域植被净初级生产力(NPP)时空变化特征,基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)云计算平台,利用MOD17A3HGF NPP时序数据,采用线性趋势分析方法,分析了2001—2019年大湄公河次区域植被NPP的时空变化特征。结果显示:(1)2001—2019年间大湄公河次区域植被NPP总体较高,植被NPP年均值整体上变化趋势不显著,变化波动较大,且与年均温度有显著的负相关性;(2)大湄公河次区域植被NPP年均值具有较明显的空间分异性规律,大体呈中部高,南、西南部略低的状态,与其主要河流流域有着重要的联系;(3)植被NPP变化趋势呈现基本不变、轻微改善的特征,改善区域主要位于中国云南省与广西,轻微退化区域主要位于老挝中部和缅甸北部;(4)GEE云平台解决了本地平台数据下载与存储不便等问题,整个大湄公河次区域植被NPP时空变化的数据处理在10 min内完成,GEE云平台在大范围、长时间尺度的研究中体现出了强大的优势。     

GA3介导miR171s及其靶基因VvSCLs调控葡萄种子发育的作用分析

【目的】鉴定vvi-miR171s成员及其靶基因,明确vvi-miR171s成员及其靶基因在葡萄种子发育中的重要作用及其响应赤霉素（Gibberellin,GA）调控种子发育的表达模式。【方法】以‘魏可’葡萄（‘Wink’）果实为试材,利用miR-RACE技术鉴定vvi-miR171a/b/e/f/g/h的成熟体序列;通过PsRNATarget软件预测vvi-miR171s的靶基因,利用生物信息学软件对其进行染色体定位、系统进化树、基因结构、保守结构域及motif分析;通过启动子作用元件分析预测vvi-miR171s及其靶基因的潜在功能;采用RLM-RACE和PPM-RACE验证vvi-miR171s对靶基因的裂解作用;利用qRT-PCR鉴定其应答外源GA₃在葡萄种子区中的表达模式。【结果】从‘魏可’葡萄果实中鉴定并克隆了6条葡萄vvi-miR171s成熟体序列,并用RLM-RACE和PPM-RACE鉴定到3条靶基因VvSCL6/15/22。靶基因的生物信息学分析显示,VvSCL6/22与苹果、桃子和樱桃同源基因遗传距离较近,而VvSCL15则与拟南芥、苹果、桃子和樱桃中的同源基因遗传距离相同,且VvSCLs的基因结构也与进化树中亲缘关系较近的基因相似;SCLs蛋白均具有GRAS结构域,鉴定到5个与GRAS结构域对应的保守motif,且它们含有的motif元件类型及排列顺序均相似,表明SCL家族结构较为保守。vvi-miR171s及靶基因的启动子均具有大量的GA、水杨酸（Salicylic acid,SA）和种子发育相关作用元件,表明它们可能参与响应GA、SA和种子发育过程;qRT-PCR表达分析显示,GA₃强烈抑制了种子区vvi-miR171a的表达,但同时显著上调种子区的VvSCL15和VvSCL22表达;vvi-miR171a和VvSCL15在对照组和GA₃处理后的种子/种子区均呈强烈的负相关,表明GA₃可能在葡萄种子/种子区显著增强vvi-miR171a对VvSCL15的负调控作用,从而介导葡萄种子发育。【结论】在‘魏可’葡萄中鉴定到vvi-miR171a/b/e/f/g/h 6个成员;均可裂解VvSCl6/15/22 3个靶基因;vvi-miR171a-VvSCL15可能作为主要的调控途径响应赤霉素并参与调控葡萄种子发育。     

高师历史专业学生职业技能训练的实践探索

新一轮基础教育课程改革,对教师职业素质与能力提出了新的要求.改革与探索高等师范院校历史专业对学生进行教师职业技能训练的方法,构建有效的教学技能训练模式,提高毕业生从业能力,是历史教育学课程教学与研究的一项重要任务.为了完成这一任务,必须努力做好历史教师职业技能训练的设计工作,重视训练过程,并了解职业技能训练的作用、意义.     

T lymphocyte responses during early enteric Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in cattle

Johne's disease (JD) is a costly intestinal disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map), which is transmitted to perinatal calves by the fecal-oral route. Disease control efforts focus on identification and culling of infected cattle from herds; therefore failure to identify animals early is a major obstacle to reducing transmission. Development of host immunity during early JD remain incompletely characterized so detecting subclinical JD using immunologic techniques is a substantial challenge in the field. Development of a test with high sensitivity and specificity is a major research goal with significant implications for the cattle industry. The objectives of this study were to compare early Map-specific T lymphocyte responses in naive, experimentally Map infected and Map vaccinated calves using a subcutaneous matrigel biopolymer-based assay. We examined the phenotype of recruited lymphocytes and local interferon gamma (IFNγ) production within subcutaneously placed matrigel containing Map antigen 30 days after experimentally induced intestinal Map infection or Map vaccination. We show that IFNγ-secreting CD4+ T cells are recruited to matrigel sites in vaccinated but not infected or naïve calves. γδ T cells recruited to matrigel sites of Map-infected calves were mostly WC1-, while γδ T cells recruited to matrigel sites of Map-vaccinated calves were predominantly WC1+. IFNγ at matrigel sites was a discriminating factor between infected calves, naïve calves and vaccinated calves. These data contribute to our understanding of early anti-Map immunity, and may be useful for detecting early intestinal Map infections in calves or for enhancing our ability to discriminate between Map-infected and Map-vaccinated calves.     

江苏如东沿海发现黑嘴鸥新繁殖地

2013年5月22日,南通博物苑鸟类调查组在南黄海边的如东洋口发现一处黑嘴鸥（Larzus saundersi）繁殖地。该繁殖地位于如东大、小洋口之间新围垦的海堤内侧（E121°06’,N32°28’）,面积约10000m2。黑嘴鸥营巢于碱蓬（Suaeda gauca）地上,与普通燕鸥（Sternahirundo）、白额燕鸥（Sternaalbifrons）、红脚鹬（Tringatotanus）、环颈鹆（Charadriusalexandrinus）等混群营巢。采用直接计数法统计繁殖区内所见黑嘴鸥的数量在500只以上。应迅速建立保护区以切实保护好这一濒危鸟类及其新繁殖地。