Effects of pheromone loading, dispenser age, and trap height on pheromone trap catches of the oriental fruit moth in apple orchards

The effects of field aging (0–28 days) and pheromone loading rate on the longevity of red rubber septa loaded with the sex pheromone blend of the oriental fruit mothGrapholita molesta (Busck), were evaluated in North Carolina apple orchards in 2002. Separate field tests examined the influence of trap height and pheromone loading rate of rubber septa on trap catches of adultG. molesta males in an abandoned orchard. The loss of the major pheromone component, (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate (Z8–12:OAc), from red rubber septa over a 4-week period exhibited a relatively constant release rate with 30, 100 and 300 μg pheromone. Trap catch was significantly higher in pheromone traps placed in the upper canopy than in those in the lower canopy. Pheromone traps baited with 100μg lures caught more moths compared with those loaded with 300 μg. There was no apparent relationship between pheromone trap catch and septa age, with trap catch appearing to be primarily a function ofG. molesta population density. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 14, 2006.     

3种豆科牧草山地红壤适应性评价

在山地红壤中对印尼大绿豆、印度豇豆和白扁豆等3种豆科牧草进行适应性种植评价试验，结果表明印尼大绿豆具有生育期长（201d），鲜草产量高（59774．4kg／hm^2），粗蛋白含量高（16．92％），生长表现良好，饲用价值高特点，便于推广利用。     

铝中毒对蛋鸡白细胞和红细胞免疫功能的影响

采用连续腹腔注射相同体积不同浓度梯度的三氯化铝，建立不同程度的鸡亚慢性铝中毒型，检测铝中毒雏鸡外周血白细胞数(WBC)、淋巴细胞总数、ANAE+T数及红细胞C3b受体花环率和红细胞免疫复合物花环率。结果表明，铝中毒雏鸡外周血白细胞数、淋巴细胞总数、ANAE+T数及红细胞C3b受体花环率均明显低于健康对照组雏鸡，而红细胞免疫复合物花环率明显高于健康对照组雏鸡。上述结果说明, 铝中毒对雏鸡细胞免疫和非特异性免疫功能有明显的抑制作用。     

饲料中苏丹红染料的测定

建立用Agilent1100高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测饲料样品中苏丹红含量的方法。采用C18柱(250mm×4.6mmi.d.,5μm),以乙腈和水的混合溶液为流动相,对比采用不同处理方法后,苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ相应的平均回收率。结果表明,在0.1、0.2、0.5、1.0、2.0mg/kg5种添加浓度下,苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ相应的回收率均高于90%。说明该方法具有较好的准确性。     

Red clover mottle virus from Ukraine is an isolate of RCMV strain S

The relationship between red clover mottle virus (RCMV) isolated in the Ukraine (designated RCMV-Uk) and well-characterised strains from Sweden has been investigated. Nucleic acid hybridisation indicate that both RNAs from RCMV-Uk are highly homologous to their counterparts from RCMV strain S, a conclusion supported by protein sequence analysis of the two viral capsid proteins. Nucleic acid sequence analysis of a portion of RCMV-Uk RNA2 confirmed the high degree of similarity between RCMV-Uk and RCMV strain S. This information suggests that RCMV-Uk should be considered an isolate of RCMV strain S.     

Lowered Antioxidant Status of Red Blood Cells in Post-Parturient Haemoglobinuria of Buffaloes

The antioxidant status of the red blood cells of buffaloes (n = 20) suffering from post-parturient haemoglobinuria (PPH) was assessed by comparing their tocopherol (vitamin E) and reduced glutathione contents with those of red blood cells from apparently healthy buffaloes (n = 20). The red cell tocopherol content of the diseased buffaloes (1.76±0.11 g/ml) was significantly (p<0.01) lower than that of healthy buffaloes (2.45±0.14 g/ml). This may be the first report comparing the concentration of tocopherol in the red blood cells of buffaloes suffering from PPH and apparently healthy buffaloes.There was a drastic reduction in the reduced glutathione content in the red cells of haemoglobinuric buffaloes (23.74±2.86 mg%) compared to the healthy control buffaloes (73.71±3.87 mg%). The diseased buffaloes also exhibited severe hypophosphataemia. These findings suggest that an impaired or insufficient antioxidant potential of the red blood cells in this disease in buffaloes is associated with the phosphorus deficiency.     

Effects of different dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, feed utilization and body composition of red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) fingerlings

Two feeding trials were conducted to determine the minimum dietary protein level producing maximum growth, and the optimum protein to energy ratio in diets for red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) fingerlings, respectively. In the first trial, six isoenergetic diets were formulated with protein levels ranging from 400 to 650 g kg^?1 in increments of 50 g kg^?1, and fed for 11 weeks to 2.8 g average initial weight fish. Weight gain, specific growth rate and feed efficiency were significantly higher with diets containing higher protein levels, when compared with dietary levels below 500 g kg^?1. The highest protein efficiency ratios were obtained in fish fed 500 g kg^?1 dietary protein. The minimum dietary protein level producing maximum fish growth was found to be 500 g kg^?1. In the second trial, 15 g average initial weight fish were fed for 12 weeks, six diets containing three different lipid levels (100, 150 and 200 g kg^?1) combined with two protein levels (450 and 500 g kg^?1). Weight gain values increased when dietary lipids increased from 100 to 150 g kg^?1, with a further decrease for 200 g kg^?1 lipids in diets; the lowest fish growth being supported by 200 g kg^?1 dietary lipids. Fish growth was significantly higher when dietary protein increased from 450 to 500 g kg^?1. There was no evidence of a protein‐sparing effect of dietary lipids. Liver protein and lipid contents were low when compared with other fish species. All diet assayed produced high liver glycogen accumulation. The recommended protein and lipid levels in diets for red porgy fingerlings were 500 and 150 g kg^?1, respectively.     

湘南三种典型红壤生土长期施肥对作物产量的影响

以长期定位试验为基本材料,研究了湘南3种典型红壤生土25年长期施肥对作物产量的影响。结果表明:(1)25年作物累计产量以紫色土为最高,其次是花岗岩红壤,第四纪红壤最低。(2)3种母质生土熟化过程中,对于不同处理,平衡施用氮磷钾化肥处理,均能获得较高作物产量,显著高于施用有机物料稻草处理,显著高于对照处理。施肥是加速红壤母质熟化的主要途径和方法。(3)对于不同处理方式,作物归还条件下其作物产量要高于不归还。(4)供试的3种土壤在熟化的过程中对植被的影响非常明显,在熟化的初期,许多作物在花岗岩发育的和第四纪红土发育的土壤上,都生长不好,然而在施有NPK的处理中,马唐草(Dischaemum Schreb)生长特别茂盛(覆盖度100%,高lm),明显地影响了土壤的水热状况,紫色土上马唐草生长不好。(5)种植小麦和黄豆,花岗岩、四纪红土NPK处理靠小区水泥梗边缘要好,小区中间95%部分长势差,叶片淡黄,植株矮小。(6)花岗岩红壤和第四纪红壤二种母质熟化24年后(即2005年)种植豆科作物—黄豆和禾本科作物小麦(2006年),其作物产量均表现为:0M>NPK。     

一种侵染桃树的烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的分离鉴定

 从北京地区具有红叶及叶片侧脉失绿等综合症状的桃病株上分离到一种杆状病毒分离物P-1,初步鉴定为一TMV株系;制备抗血清微量沉淀法测定效价为1:1024,并应用于田间样品检测;提纯P-1分离物回接毛桃实生苗后,在上部叶片出现脉间失绿症状,用P-1抗血清作ELISA检测为阳性,肯定了TMV对桃的侵染及致病作用。     

赤潮研究中圆海链藻实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

为建立快速、准确的鉴定和定量检测赤潮生物的方法,以圆海链藻为例，以其18S rDNA序列为寻找种特异性引物的靶区域，通过分析18S rDNA序列，设计出适合用于RFQ-PCR的引物与探针，并通过引物PCR验证确定其特异性，进而以圆海链藻荧光定量PCR的引物和探针（Primer Thalassiosira rotula和Taqman Thalassiosira rotula），建立了定量检测圆海链藻的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法（RFQ-PCR）。与传统的显微镜计数方法比较，两者所获结果无显著性差异，证明了本方法的可行性，从而为我国沿海水域赤潮问题的研究提供了良好的技术检测途径。