湘南三种典型红壤生土长期施肥对作物产量的影响

以长期定位试验为基本材料,研究了湘南3种典型红壤生土25年长期施肥对作物产量的影响。结果表明:(1)25年作物累计产量以紫色土为最高,其次是花岗岩红壤,第四纪红壤最低。(2)3种母质生土熟化过程中,对于不同处理,平衡施用氮磷钾化肥处理,均能获得较高作物产量,显著高于施用有机物料稻草处理,显著高于对照处理。施肥是加速红壤母质熟化的主要途径和方法。(3)对于不同处理方式,作物归还条件下其作物产量要高于不归还。(4)供试的3种土壤在熟化的过程中对植被的影响非常明显,在熟化的初期,许多作物在花岗岩发育的和第四纪红土发育的土壤上,都生长不好,然而在施有NPK的处理中,马唐草(Dischaemum Schreb)生长特别茂盛(覆盖度100%,高lm),明显地影响了土壤的水热状况,紫色土上马唐草生长不好。(5)种植小麦和黄豆,花岗岩、四纪红土NPK处理靠小区水泥梗边缘要好,小区中间95%部分长势差,叶片淡黄,植株矮小。(6)花岗岩红壤和第四纪红壤二种母质熟化24年后(即2005年)种植豆科作物—黄豆和禾本科作物小麦(2006年),其作物产量均表现为:0M>NPK。

Effect of Long Term Fertilization on Crops Output in Three Typical Parent Material Soil in South Hunan

effect of 25 years fertilization into soil on crops outputs were studied in three typical parent material soil in south Hunan under long site experiment.The results showed follows:(1)The cumulative yield were best in purplish soil within 25 years,in granitization red soil and Quaternary red soil were followed respectively.(2)The NPK-T and NPK-R treatment could get more harvest in the three parent material curing process compared with other treatmens.The crops yield of NPK-R and NPK-T were higher than that of OM-R and OM-T significant,and higher than that of CK-R and CK-T significant.Fertilizer application was the main method of accelerating parent material red soil maturation process.(3)The result also showed that crops yield of the treatment of crops return to soil were better than that of no return within different treatments.(4)The reaction of vegetation had difference in evidence among three types soil in the soil maturation process.Most crops except Dischaemum Schreb growed badly in granitization red soil and Quaternary red soil in the early period,that growed flourish especially(100% cover ratio,1meters high)in NPK-R and NPK-T.which effect on the hydrothermal states significant.Dischaemum Schreb growed worse in purplish soil.(5)Wheat and legumina growed better at the brim in granitization red soil and Quaternary red soil.Account for 95% of the plot area were growed badly and with light yellow lamina and short stalk.(6)The output of legumina and wheat was higher in OM treatment than that in NPK treatnebt 24 years late(2005)in granitization red soil and Quaternary red soil.