Importance of recreational fisheries in the Guadiana River Basin in Portugal

The rapid expansion of recreational fishing in Portugal over the last 20 years, along with the multiplicity of pressures affecting inland fisheries, demands the urgent recognition of the social and economic values. Sport-angling information is still inadequate to formulate management actions. To address this issue, a regional survey on freshwater recreational fishing in all the municipalities of the Guadiana River Basin was carried out in 1999. The survey, based on 1998 data, provided information on the profile of anglers, preferences as regards reservoirs and sections of rivers fished, frequency of fishing trips, motivation, expenditure, fish species caught, an estimation of total catch and its destination, interest in competitions, enforcement and personal opinions. The results recommended improved communication and feedback between users, and mechanisms for future regional development and management of recreational fisheries.     

2014—2018年河南省冬小麦施肥现状及增产潜力评价

旨在为河南省不同区域小麦养分优化管理提供合理解决方案。调研采用实地问卷调查的方法,选择2014—2018年河南省具有代表性的县域作为调查地点,共得到7485份有效调查问卷,调查内容包括小麦产量、施肥习惯、施肥量、施肥种类、施肥方式等。河南省小麦产量在4500.00~10500.00 kg/hm²,氮肥投入量变化范围在0.00~939.08 kg/hm²,平均氮肥偏生产力、增产潜力分别为57.59 kg/kg和39.39%。磷肥投入量变化范围在0.00~455.40 kg/hm²,平均磷肥偏生产力、增产潜力为115.40 kg/kg和44.63%。钾肥投入量变化范围在0.00~337.50 kg/hm²、平均钾肥偏生产力、增产潜力为93.06 kg/kg和43.90%。2014—2018年,河南省小麦年际间产量表现不稳定,不合理施肥比例逐年下降,肥料偏生产力呈现递增趋势。应当根据当地土壤肥力适当减少氮肥的投入量,降低基追比,增施磷钾肥后小麦将有40%~45%的增产潜力。     

中国集约高产农田生态健康评价方法及指标体系初探

如何科学评价目前中国粮食主产区高产农田的生态健康现状与问题,为制定科学合理的对策,促进中国粮食主产区农业可持续健康发展、保障国家粮食安全是当务之急。目前关于农田生态系统健康评价从土壤-作物-环境三大子系统综合考虑构建评价指标体系的研究很少,没有比较完善的、为大家公认的关于农田生态健康状况评价的指标体系。采用总体分析法,查阅统计了国内外关于农田生态健康评价研究的相关指标。在此基础上,为了使评价指标更加切合中国三大平原粮食主产区高产农田土壤、作物以及环境的健康问题,采用专家问卷调查法,最终初步确定了中国农田生态健康评价指标体系,每个区域的评价体系都有22个指标,三大平原指标之间有所区别,充分体现了整体的一致性和区域的特殊性,使得指标体系更具实用性和针对性,可为该领域的研究与决策提供科学参考。     

构建“四化一体”新型农业经营体系研究——以河南省许昌市为例

从对"四化一体"新型农业经营体系的学理解读入手,分析了集约化、专业化、组织化和社会化之间的相互关系。以问卷调研方法分析了河南省许昌市"四化一体"新型农业经营体系构建过程中存在的问题。结果表明,许昌市农业经营主体稳定性和持续性不足;专业化程度有待提高;农业组织缺乏力量,农民组织化程度偏低;社会化服务不能满足当前农业发展的需求。在此基础上提出了许昌市"四化一体"新型农业经营体系构建的路径选择,以期为许昌市推进"三农"发展提供参考。     

Time requirement and effect on owners of home-based management of dogs with severe chronic spinal cord injury

The aim of this study was to provide quantitative data on time commitment needed for care of dogs with chronic severe spinal cord injury (SCI) at home and assess effect on the owner's home lives. It was not a study aimed at assessing the quality of life (QOL) of the dogs as this has previously been examined, although a small amount of data was collected on this aspect.A questionnaire was sent to 40 owners of dogs with clinically complete chronic SCI (defined by lack of observable response to a noxious stimulus applied to the hind limbs, the absence of voluntary hind limb locomotor function, and urinary and fecal incontinence for more than 9 months at the time the study was conducted). Owners were asked to quantify the time spent exercising their pet, managing urinary and fecal incontinence and giving general skin and fur care. Other questions sought to determine the effect on family relationships.The study population included 27 dachshunds and 10 other breeds. Twenty-six questionnaires were returned for analysis, giving a response rate of 65%. Owners spent between 2 and 44 hours in total per week managing their dog (median, 14 hours), with between 1 and 30 hours spent on mobility management (median, 10 hours) and between 0 and 16 hours (median, 3 hours) on incontinence. About 92% of owners were living with a partner, and at least one in the couple did not work full time, 84% had no children younger than 16 years, 64% either currently or previously owned another dog, and 73% declared that they had not considered euthanasia as an option at the time of the SCI.Twenty owners strongly agreed that the work involved was worthwhile, and 16 owners felt that the work involved had strengthened the bond between them and their pet. One owner felt that the care required had reduced their own QOL and 2 owners reported serious family problems. The dogs studied form a particular subset of cases because they had been cared for by their owners for at least 9 months. However, this study provides information that will aid informed decision making by owners and veterinarians at the time of a dog SCI, providing an indication of what can be expected in the chronic phase of SCI.     

草地生态学教学改革探索——以四川农业大学为例

草地生态学是研究草地生物与环境之间相互关系规律的学科,理论性、实践性及综合性较强。草地生态学飞速发展,研究范畴更广,研究手段也更加先进,对传统的教学模式提出了严峻的挑战,教学改革势在必行。本文分析了四川农业大学草地生态学本科教学当前存在的问题,结合笔者自己多年从事草地生态学教学改革的实践,以及对本学科相关研究的掌握,提出了完善教学内容、多样化教学方法和加强实践教学等改革措施,强调科研与教学相结合,有效地促进了教学效果提升,教与学的关系更加民主,实验课体系更加完善,增强了学生的学习兴趣和创新能力。     

锯缘青蟹原肌球蛋白过敏者血清的筛选

为了解集美大学学生的饮食及食物过敏情况,对在校学生进行了问卷调查.调查共分发了4000份,主要涉及水产品食物过敏的种类、过敏症状等.调查收到有效问卷3890份,应答率为97.3%.自诉过敏的学生为1149人,约占29.5%.对水产品食物过敏的有545人（占自诉过敏的47.4%）,其中31例经ELISA检测,IgE为对蟹的原肌球蛋白呈阳性反应（占水产品食物过敏的5.7%,占蟹过敏的11.3%）.男女之间无统计学差异.自诉对蟹、虾、贝、鱼等水产品的过敏症状相似,多为皮疹和皮肤瘙痒.调查结果表明,蟹、虾、贝类和鱼是主要的水产品过敏食物.食物过敏症患者血清食物过敏原特异性IgE升高明显,采用ELISA检测法,方便,安全,准确,对临床确诊与防治食物过敏症有重要意义.     

网络环境下安徽普通高校城乡生源英语自主学习能力差异性研究

通过问卷调查和对学生、教师进行访谈等形式,就网络环境下安徽普通高校城乡生源自主学习能力进行了调查和对比分析,得出城乡生源在自主学习能力方面存在的差异,并探讨了产生这些差异的原因以及可能对英语学习产生的影响,对大学英语教学提出改进建议。     

原风景对景观感知影响的量表设计与分析

＂原风景＂是指人们在20岁之前的生活环境中,在内心深处留下深刻印象的风景。在文献分析的基础上,作者结合对被调查者的访谈和半开放式问卷调查,编制出了＂原风景对景观感知影响＂的标准化量表式问卷。问卷以李克特量表为主体,在感知、态度、行为3个维度上分析了原风景对景观感知的影响。为了得到科学合理的量表问卷,作者对量表的逻辑效度、结构效度、同性质信度和分半信度等分别进行了检验。结果表明,问卷具有良好的理论构想和信效度指标,能够较有效和可靠地评价人们心中的原风景对景观感知各方面的影响程度。因此,该问卷可作为评价原风景对景观感知影响定量化的研究工具,作为原风景在景观营造中的重要程度提供参考。